form操作动态select数据
forms.py
from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from django.forms.models import ModelChoiceField from app01 import models class UserInfoForm(forms.Form): user = fields.CharField( required=True, widget=widgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'}) ) pwd = fields.CharField( max_length=12, widget=widgets.PasswordInput(attrs={'class':'c1'}) )
#方式一 user_type = fields.ChoiceField( # choices=[(1,'普通用户'),(2,'超级用户')],
choices = [], widget = widgets.Select )
#方式二 user_type2 = fields.CharField(widget=widgets.Select(choices=[]))
#方式三 models.py中需要加上def __str__(self):return self.name
user_type3 = ModelChoiceField( empty_label='请选择用户类型', to_field_name='name',#html的源码里面value=name对应值 queryset=models.UserType.objects.all() ) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super(UserInfoForm, self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')#在执行构造函数的时候去数据库取数据，value_list返回的是列表里面加元祖 self.fields['user_type2'].widget.choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name')
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render from app01.forms import UserInfoForm from app01 import models # Create your views here. def index(request): obj = UserInfoForm() # obj.fields['user_type'].choices = models.UserType.objects.values_list('id','name') #类里面的静态字段，必须重新去数据库取值赋值,或者在forms.py中构造函数中取值 return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <p> {{ obj.user }} </p> <p> {{ obj.pwd }} </p> <p> {{ obj.user_type }} {{ obj.user_type2 }} </p> </body> </html>
form内置钩子
通过obj.is_valid()查看源码
用户注册在提交的时候需要判断用户是否已经注册,用clean_name
验证过程：
正则+clean_字段->clean(__all__)->_post_clean
forms.py
class RegisterForm(forms.Form): user = fields.CharField() email = fields.EmailField() def clean_name(self): c = models.User.objects.filter(name=self.cleaned_data['user']).count() if c: return self.cleaned_data['user'] else: raise ValidationError('用户名已经存在',code='xxx') def clean(self): return self.cleaned_data#整体错误信息在__all__里
序列化
QuerySet
第一种：
from django.core import serializers
v = models.tb.objects.all()
data = serializers.serialize('json',v)
第二种
import json from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder): def default(self, field): if isinstance(field,ValidationError): return{'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages} else: return json.JSONEncoder.default(self,field) v= models.tb.objects.values('id','name') v = list(v) v = json.dumps(v,cls=JsonCustomEncoder)
ajax提交 html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form id="info">{% csrf_token %} <p><input type="text" name="username"/></p> <p><input type="password"name="pwd"/></p> <a id="submit">提交</a> </form> <script src="/static/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script> $(function () { $('#submit').click(function () { $.ajax({ url:'/login/', type:'POST', data:$('#info').serialize(),#获取form表单中的所有 success:function (arg) { console.log(arg); arg = JSON.parse(arg); console.log(arg); }, error:function () { } }) }) }) </script> </body> </html>
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from app01.forms import LoginForm import json from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class JsonCustomEncoder(json.JSONEncoder): def default(self, field): if isinstance(field,ValidationError): return{'code':field.code,'messages':field.messages} else: return json.JSONEncoder.default(self,field) def login(request): if request.method == 'GET': return render(request,'login.html') elif request.method == 'POST': ret = {'status':True,'error':None,'data':None} obj = LoginForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) else: # ret['error'] = obj.errors.as_json()#返回字符串 ret['error'] = obj.errors.as_data()#返回字典 key-validationerror result = json.dumps(ret,cls=JsonCustomEncoder) # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) return HttpResponse(result)
ModelForm组件
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
|
ModelForm a. class Meta: model, # 对应Model的 fields=None, # 字段 exclude=None, # 排除字段 labels=None, # 提示信息 help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息 widgets=None, # 自定义插件 error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息（整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS） field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 （也可以自定义字段） localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化，如：根据不同时区显示数据 如： 数据库中 2016-12-27 04:10:57 setting中的配置 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_TZ = True 则显示： 2016-12-27 12:10:57 b. 验证执行过程 is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误 c. 字典字段验证 def clean_字段名(self): # 可以抛出异常 # from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError return "新值" d. 用于验证 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm() model_form_obj.is_valid() model_form_obj.errors.as_json() model_form_obj.clean() model_form_obj.cleaned_data e. 用于创建 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST) #### 页面显示，并提交 ##### # 默认保存多对多 obj = form.save(commit=True) # 不做任何操作，内部定义 save_m2m（用于保存多对多） obj = form.save(commit=False) obj.save() # 保存单表信息 obj.save_m2m() # 保存关联多对多信息 f. 用于更新和初始化 obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1) model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) ... PS: 单纯初始化 model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(initial={...}) |
forms.py
from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets as Fwidgets from app01 import models class UserInfoModelForm(forms.ModelForm): #自定义
is_rmb = fields.CharField( widget=Fwidgets.CheckboxInput() ) class Meta: model = models.UserInfo fields = '__all__' # fields = ['username','pwd'] # exclude = ['username'] labels={ 'username':'用户名', 'email':'邮件' } widgets = { 'username':Fwidgets.Textarea(attrs={'class':'c1'}) } error_messages = { 'email':{ 'required':'邮箱不能为空', } }
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render from app01 import forms from app01 import models # Create your views here. def index(request): if request.method == 'GET': obj = forms.UserInfoModelForm() return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj}) elif request.method == 'POST': obj = forms.UserInfoModelForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): obj.save() return render(request, 'index.html', {'obj': obj}) def user_list(request): obj = models.UserInfo.objects.all().select_related('type') return render(request,'user_list.html',{'obj':obj}) def edit(request,nid): if request.method=='GET': obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() mf = forms.UserInfoModelForm(instance=obj) return render(request,'user_edit.html',{'mf':mf,'id':nid}) elif request.method == 'POST': obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).first() mf = forms.UserInfoModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) if mf.is_valid(): mf.save() else: print(mf.errors.as_json()) return render(request, 'user_edit.html', {'mf': mf, 'id': nid})