目标
- 温故 Java8 常见函数式用法
- 再过一下 lookupRoute 方法
- 过一遍 9 默认全局 Filter
Java 8 常见函数式用法
Consumer 表达式
一个消费型的接口,通过传入参数,然后输出值,无返回值。接连两个consumer
有相同的入参可以使用addThen
将两个方法链接起来,然后一起accept
方法接受入参。
Consumer<Integer> add2consumer = x -> {
int a = x + 2;
System.out.println(a);
};
Consumer<Integer> add4consumer = x -> {
int a = x + 4;
System.out.println(a);
};
add2consumer.andThen(add4consumer).accept(10);
//① 使用consumer接口实现方法
Consumer<String> consumer = new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String s) {
System.out.println(s);
}
};
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("aaa", "bbb", "ddd", "ccc", "fff");
stream.forEach(consumer);
System.out.println("********************");
//② 使用lambda表达式,forEach方法需要的就是一个Consumer接口
stream = Stream.of("aaa", "bbb", "ddd", "ccc", "fff");
Consumer<String> consumer1 = (s) -> System.out.println(s);//lambda表达式返回的就是一个Consumer接口
stream.forEach(consumer1);
//更直接的方式
//stream.forEach((s) -> System.out.println(s));
System.out.println("********************");
//③ 使用方法引用,方法引用也是一个consumer
stream = Stream.of("aaa", "bbb", "ddd", "ccc", "fff");
Consumer consumer2 = System.out::println;
stream.forEach(consumer2);
Supplier 表达式
一个供给型的接口,可以用来存储数据,然后可以供其他方法使用的这么一个接口。
//① 使用Supplier接口实现方法,只有一个get方法,无参数,返回一个值
Supplier<Integer> supplier = new Supplier<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
//返回一个随机值
return new Random().nextInt();
}
};
System.out.println(supplier.get());
System.out.println("********************");
//② 使用lambda表达式,
supplier = () -> new Random().nextInt();
System.out.println(supplier.get());
System.out.println("********************");
//③ 使用方法引用
Supplier<Double> supplier2 = Math::random;
System.out.println(supplier2.get());
// 高阶用法
Stream<Integer> stream = Stream.of(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
//返回一个optional对象
Optional<Integer> first = stream.filter(i -> i > 4)
.findFirst();
//optional对象有需要Supplier接口的方法
//orElse,如果first中存在数,就返回这个数,如果不存在,就放回传入的数
System.out.println(first.orElse(1));
System.out.println(first.orElse(7));
System.out.println("********************");
Supplier<Integer> integerSupplier = new Supplier<Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer get() {
//返回一个随机值
return new Random().nextInt();
}
};
//orElseGet,如果first中存在数,就返回这个数,如果不存在,就返回supplier返回的值
System.out.println(first.orElseGet(integerSupplier));
Function 表达式
一个功能型接口,它的一个作用就是转换作用,将输入数据转换成另一种形式的输出数据。
//① 使用map方法,泛型的第一个参数是转换前的类型,第二个是转化后的类型
Function<String, Integer> function = new Function<String, Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer apply(String s) {
return s.length();//获取每个字符串的长度,并且返回
}
};
Stream<String> stream = Stream.of("aaa", "bbbbb", "ccccccv");
Stream<Integer> stream1 = stream.map(function);
stream1.forEach(System.out::println);
System.out.println("********************");
Predicate 表达式
谓词型接口,其实,这个就是一个类似于 bool 类型的判断的接口。
//① 使用Predicate接口实现方法,只有一个test方法,传入一个参数,返回一个bool值
Predicate<Integer> predicate = new Predicate<Integer>() {
@Override
public boolean test(Integer integer) {
if (integer > 5) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
};
System.out.println(predicate.test(6));
System.out.println("********************");
//② 使用lambda表达式,
predicate = (t) -> t > 5;
System.out.println(predicate.test(1));
System.out.println("********************");
需要时查看
列举下java8中 java.util.function包下,内置所有的接口简介和表达的意思
1 BiConsumer
2 BiFunction
3 BinaryOperator
4 BiPredicate
5 BooleanSupplier:代表了boolean值结果的提供方
6 Consumer
7 DoubleBinaryOperator:代表了作用于两个double值操作符的操作,并且返回了一个double值的结果。
8 DoubleConsumer:代表一个接受double值参数的操作,并且不返回结果。
9 DoubleFunction
10 DoublePredicate:代表一个拥有double值参数的boolean值方法
11 DoubleSupplier:代表一个double值结构的提供方
12 DoubleToIntFunction:接受一个double类型输入,返回一个int类型结果。
13 DoubleToLongFunction:接受一个double类型输入,返回一个long类型结果
14 DoubleUnaryOperator:接受一个参数同为类型double,返回值类型也为double 。
15 Function
16 IntBinaryOperator:接受两个参数同为类型int,返回值类型也为int 。
17 IntConsumer:接受一个int类型的输入参数,无返回值 。
18 IntFunction
19 IntPredicate:接受一个int输入参数,返回一个布尔值的结果。
20 IntSupplier:无参数,返回一个int类型结果。
21 IntToDoubleFunction:接受一个int类型输入,返回一个double类型结果 。
22 IntToLongFunction:接受一个int类型输入,返回一个long类型结果。
23 IntUnaryOperator:接受一个参数同为类型int,返回值类型也为int 。
24 LongBinaryOperator:接受两个参数同为类型long,返回值类型也为long。
25 LongConsumer:接受一个long类型的输入参数,无返回值。
26 LongFunction
27 LongPredicate:R接受一个long输入参数,返回一个布尔值类型结果。
28 LongSupplier:无参数,返回一个结果long类型的值。
29 LongToDoubleFunction:接受一个long类型输入,返回一个double类型结果。
30 LongToIntFunction:接受一个long类型输入,返回一个int类型结果。
31 LongUnaryOperator:接受一个参数同为类型long,返回值类型也为long。
32 ObjDoubleConsumer
33 ObjIntConsumer
34 ObjLongConsumer
35 Predicate
36 Supplier
37 ToDoubleBiFunction
38 ToDoubleFunction
39 ToIntBiFunction
40 ToIntFunction
41 ToLongBiFunction
42 ToLongFunction
43 UnaryOperator
lookupRoute 方法如何调用?
protected Mono<Route> lookupRoute(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
logger.info("lookupRoute 开始匹配 Route 贼关键 -> RoutePredicateHandlerMapping#lookupRoute");
return this.routeLocator.getRoutes()
// 单独处理,以便在出现错误的时候,返回空
.concatMap(route ->
Mono.just(route)
.filterWhen(r -> {
logger.info("设置当前执行的 routeId GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR: " +
r.getId() + " -> RoutePredicateHandlerMapping#lookupRoute");
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_PREDICATE_ROUTE_ATTR, r.getId());
return r.getPredicate().apply(exchange);
})
.doOnError(e -> logger.error(
"Error applying predicate for route: " + route.getId(),
e))
.onErrorResume(e -> Mono.empty()))
.next()
.map(route -> {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Route matched: " + route.getId());
}
logger.info("校验 Route 的有效性 -> RoutePredicateHandlerMapping#lookupRoute");
validateRoute(route, exchange);
return route;
});
}
从方法名我们可以得知,这个方法就是要找出符合规则的 Route。在实际的调用过程中,方法是先返回一个 Mono 空对象,之后自己执行r.getPredicate().apply(exchange)
使用每个Route
的谓词规则过滤,返回匹配 Route。
public class Route implements Ordered {
...
// route 的 getPredicate 方法返回 AsyncPredicate 类型
public AsyncPredicate<ServerWebExchange> getPredicate() {
return this.predicate;
}
}
route 的 getPredicate 方法返回 AsyncPredicate 类型
class DefaultAsyncPredicate<T> implements AsyncPredicate<T> {
private final Predicate<T> delegate;
public DefaultAsyncPredicate(Predicate<T> delegate) {
this.delegate = delegate;
}
@Override
public Publisher<Boolean> apply(T t) {
return Mono.just(delegate.test(t));
}
...
}
然后执行Predicate
的test
方法返回一个boolean
值,来满足filterWhen
方法,返回对应 Route。
9 个默认全局 Filter
访问对应http://localhost:8080/actuator/gateway/globalfilters
地址,我们可以看到所有 GlobalFilter 以及对应的Order
顺序。
{
"org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.RemoveCachedBodyFilter@ffaaaf0": -2147483648,
"org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.AdaptCachedBodyGlobalFilter@537c8c7e": -2147482648,
"org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.NettyWriteResponseFilter@2459319c": -1,
"org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.ForwardPathFilter@33d53216": 0,
"org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.GatewayMetricsFilter@4f3e7344": 0,
"org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.RouteToRequestUrlFilter@1dc76fa1": 10000,
"org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.WebsocketRoutingFilter@69a2b3b6": 2147483646,
"org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.NettyRoutingFilter@3681037": 2147483647,
"org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.ForwardRoutingFilter@5eed2d86": 2147483647,
}
RemoveCachedBodyFilter
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
return chain.filter(exchange).doFinally(s -> {
log.info("执行到 RemoveCachedBodyFilter#filter ");
// 移除上下文中 cachedRequestBody 属性
Object attribute = exchange.getAttributes().remove(CACHED_REQUEST_BODY_ATTR);
// PooledDataBuffer 是 DataBuffer 的扩展,允许共享一块内存共享池
if (attribute != null && attribute instanceof PooledDataBuffer) {
PooledDataBuffer dataBuffer = (PooledDataBuffer) attribute;
// 如果还有占用,则释放
if (dataBuffer.isAllocated()) {
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace("releasing cached body in exchange attribute");
}
dataBuffer.release();
}
}
});
}
AdaptCachedBodyGlobalFilter
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
logger.info("执行到 AdaptCachedBodyGlobalFilter#filter");
ServerHttpRequest cachedRequest = exchange
.getAttributeOrDefault(CACHED_SERVER_HTTP_REQUEST_DECORATOR_ATTR, null);
if (cachedRequest != null) {
exchange.getAttributes().remove(CACHED_SERVER_HTTP_REQUEST_DECORATOR_ATTR);
// 如果不为空,直接使用 DefaultServerWebExchangeBuilder 构建一个,并将 cachedRequest 加入到其中
return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(cachedRequest).build());
}
DataBuffer body = exchange.getAttributeOrDefault(CACHED_REQUEST_BODY_ATTR, null);
Route route = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
// 如果上下文中,没有 cachedRequestBody 缓存,并且本地方法中没有缓存过改 Route 则继续
if (body != null || !this.routesToCache.containsKey(route.getId())) {
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
return ServerWebExchangeUtils.cacheRequestBody(exchange, (serverHttpRequest) -> {
// 如果是相同的则不 build 了
if (serverHttpRequest == exchange.getRequest()) {
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
return chain.filter(exchange.mutate().request(serverHttpRequest).build());
});
}
NettyWriteResponseFilter
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
log.info("执行到 NettyWriteResponseFilter#filter");
// NOTICE: nothing in "pre" filter stage as CLIENT_RESPONSE_CONN_ATTR is not added
// until the NettyRoutingFilter is run
// @formatter:off
return chain.filter(exchange)
.doOnError(throwable -> cleanup(exchange))
.then(Mono.defer(() -> {
// 获取 gatewayClientResponseConnection 连接
Connection connection = exchange.getAttribute(CLIENT_RESPONSE_CONN_ATTR);
if (connection == null) {
return Mono.empty();
}
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace("NettyWriteResponseFilter start inbound: "
+ connection.channel().id().asShortText() + ", outbound: "
+ exchange.getLogPrefix());
}
ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
final Flux<DataBuffer> body = connection
.inbound()
.receive()
.retain()
// byteBuf -> DataBuffer, netty 数据结构到 spring 数据结构
.map(byteBuf -> wrap(byteBuf, response));
MediaType contentType = null;
try {
contentType = response.getHeaders().getContentType();
}
catch (Exception e) {
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace("invalid media type", e);
}
}
// 根据不同类型,是否直接刷盘发送
return (isStreamingMediaType(contentType)
? response.writeAndFlushWith(body.map(Flux::just))
: response.writeWith(body));
})).doOnCancel(() -> cleanup(exchange));
// @formatter:on
}
ForwardPathFilter
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
logger.info("执行到 ForwardPathFilter#filter");
Route route = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
URI routeUri = route.getUri();
String scheme = routeUri.getScheme();
// 是否已经转发过(gatewayAlreadyRouted) 或 没有包含 forward 关键字
if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange) || !"forward".equals(scheme)) {
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
exchange = exchange.mutate()
.request(exchange.getRequest().mutate().path(routeUri.getPath()).build())
.build();
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
GatewayMetricsFilter
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
log.info("执行到 GatewayMetricsFilter#filter");
Sample sample = Timer.start(meterRegistry);
// 添加对于成功或异常调用的方法
return chain.filter(exchange)
.doOnSuccess(aVoid -> endTimerRespectingCommit(exchange, sample))
.doOnError(throwable -> endTimerRespectingCommit(exchange, sample));
}
private void endTimerRespectingCommit(ServerWebExchange exchange, Sample sample) {
ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
if (response.isCommitted()) {
endTimerInner(exchange, sample);
}
else {
response.beforeCommit(() -> {
endTimerInner(exchange, sample);
return Mono.empty();
});
}
}
RouteToRequestUrlFilter
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
log.info("执行到 RouteToRequestUrlFilter#filter");
Route route = exchange.getAttribute(GATEWAY_ROUTE_ATTR);
if (route == null) {
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
log.trace("RouteToRequestUrlFilter start");
URI uri = exchange.getRequest().getURI();
boolean encoded = containsEncodedParts(uri);
URI routeUri = route.getUri();
if (hasAnotherScheme(routeUri)) {
// 设置相应的 schema
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_SCHEME_PREFIX_ATTR, routeUri.getScheme());
routeUri = URI.create(routeUri.getSchemeSpecificPart());
}
// 对于 loadbalance 的判断
if ("lb".equalsIgnoreCase(routeUri.getScheme()) && routeUri.getHost() == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid host: " + routeUri.toString());
}
URI mergedUrl = UriComponentsBuilder.fromUri(uri)
// .uri(routeUri)
.scheme(routeUri.getScheme()).host(routeUri.getHost())
.port(routeUri.getPort()).build(encoded).toUri();
exchange.getAttributes().put(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR, mergedUrl);
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
WebsocketRoutingFilter
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
log.info("执行到 -> WebsocketRoutingFilter#filter");
// 如果是 ws 则修改 gatewayRequestUrl, 这个参数在 RouteToRequestUrlFilter 中设置
changeSchemeIfIsWebSocketUpgrade(exchange);
// 然后获取上一步设置好的 gatewayRequestUrl 值
URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
String scheme = requestUrl.getScheme();
// 如果已经 gatewayAlreadyRouted 已经为 true 或者 scheme 不是 ws 或 wss 则略过
if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange)
|| (!"ws".equals(scheme) && !"wss".equals(scheme))) {
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
setAlreadyRouted(exchange);
HttpHeaders headers = exchange.getRequest().getHeaders();
HttpHeaders filtered = filterRequest(getHeadersFilters(), exchange);
List<String> protocols = headers.get(SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL);
if (protocols != null) {
protocols = headers.get(SEC_WEBSOCKET_PROTOCOL).stream().flatMap(
header -> Arrays.stream(commaDelimitedListToStringArray(header)))
.map(String::trim).collect(Collectors.toList());
}
return this.webSocketService.handleRequest(exchange, new ProxyWebSocketHandler(
requestUrl, this.webSocketClient, filtered, protocols));
}
NettyRoutingFilter
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
String scheme = requestUrl.getScheme();
if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange)
|| (!"http".equals(scheme) && !"https".equals(scheme))) {
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
setAlreadyRouted(exchange);
ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();
HttpMethod method = request.getMethod();
HttpHeaders filteredHeaders = filterRequest(getHeadersFilters(), exchange);
// 判断是否 保留主机标头属性名称
boolean preserveHost = exchange
.getAttributeOrDefault(PRESERVE_HOST_HEADER_ATTRIBUTE, false);
/*
* 在 GatewayAutoConfiguration 中有如下一块注释,说我们可以自定义 WebClient 来覆盖 netty
* @Bean //TODO: default over netty? configurable public WebClientHttpRoutingFilter
* webClientHttpRoutingFilter() { //TODO: WebClient bean return new
* WebClientHttpRoutingFilter(WebClient.routes().build()); }
*
* @Bean public WebClientWriteResponseFilter webClientWriteResponseFilter() { return
* new WebClientWriteResponseFilter(); }
*/
// 使用 webClient
RequestBodySpec bodySpec = this.webClient.method(method).uri(requestUrl)
.headers(httpHeaders -> {
httpHeaders.addAll(filteredHeaders);
// TODO: can this support preserviceHostHeader?
if (!preserveHost) {
httpHeaders.remove(HttpHeaders.HOST);
}
});
RequestHeadersSpec<?> headersSpec;
if (requiresBody(method)) {
headersSpec = bodySpec.body(BodyInserters.fromDataBuffers(request.getBody()));
}
else {
headersSpec = bodySpec;
}
return headersSpec.exchange()
.log("webClient route")
.flatMap(res -> {
// 将返回的结构再次封装到 exchange 中,同时设置 gatewayClientResponse
ServerHttpResponse response = exchange.getResponse();
response.getHeaders().putAll(res.headers().asHttpHeaders());
response.setStatusCode(res.statusCode());
// Defer committing the response until all route filters have run
// Put client response as ServerWebExchange attribute and write
// response later NettyWriteResponseFilter
exchange.getAttributes().put(CLIENT_RESPONSE_ATTR, res);
return chain.filter(exchange);
});
}
ForwardRoutingFilter
@Override
public Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {
log.info("执行到 -> ForwardRoutingFilter#filter");
URI requestUrl = exchange.getRequiredAttribute(GATEWAY_REQUEST_URL_ATTR);
String scheme = requestUrl.getScheme();
if (isAlreadyRouted(exchange) || !"forward".equals(scheme)) {
return chain.filter(exchange);
}
if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
log.trace("Forwarding to URI: " + requestUrl);
}
return this.getDispatcherHandler().handle(exchange);
}