姓名:张越
班级：计算1811
学号：201821121006
1. 实验环境介绍
给出实验环境：
- 操作系统：ubuntu-18.04.4
- 平台：虚拟机
2. 常用命令使用
1.sudo su（进入特权模式）
2.ls（显示文件夹下文件）
3.cd+文件名（打开文件）
4.mkdir+文件名（创建文件）
5.rmdir+文件名（删除文件）
登录界面：
常用的命令使用;
3：剖析PS命令：
man ps运行：执行结果如下：
PS(1) User Commands PS(1) NAME ps - report a snapshot of the current processes. SYNOPSIS ps [options] DESCRIPTION ps displays information about a selection of the active processes. If you want a repetitive update of the selection and the displayed information, use top(1) instead. This version of ps accepts several kinds of options: 1 UNIX options, which may be grouped and must be preceded by a dash. 2 BSD options, which may be grouped and must not be used with a dash. 3 GNU long options, which are preceded by two dashes
执ps -ef指令，运行结果如下：
root@yuezhang-virtual-machine:/home/yuezhang/Music# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 01:23 ? 00:00:06 /sbin/init splash root 2 0 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd] root 3 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_gp] root 4 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_par_gp] root 6 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H-kb] root 9 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [mm_percpu_wq] root 10 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0] root 11 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:01 [rcu_sched] root 12 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0] root 13 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/0] root 14 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/0] root 15 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kdevtmpfs] root 16 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [netns] root 17 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_tasks_kthre] root 18 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kauditd] root 19 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [khungtaskd] root 20 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [oom_reaper] root 21 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [writeback] root 22 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kcompactd0] root 23 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [ksmd] root 24 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [khugepaged] root 116 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kintegrityd] root 117 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kblockd] root 118 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [blkcg_punt_bio] root 119 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [tpm_dev_wq] root 120 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [ata_sff] root 121 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [md] root 122 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [edac-poller] root 123 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [devfreq_wq] root 124 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [watchdogd] root 127 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kswapd0] root 128 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/u257:0] root 129 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [ecryptfs-kthrea] root 132 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [kthrotld] root 133 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [irq/24-pciehp] root 134 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [irq/25-pciehp] root 135 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [irq/26-pciehp] root 136 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [irq/27-pciehp] root 137 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [irq/28-pciehp] root 138 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [irq/29-pciehp] root 139 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [irq/30-pciehp] root 140 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [irq/31-pciehp] root 141 2 0 01:23 ? 00:00:00 [irq/32-pciehp]
执行ps -aux指令，结果如下：
root@yuezhang-virtual-machine:/home/yuezhang/Music# ps -aux USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND root 1 0.3 0.4 160060 8860 ? Ss 01:23 0:06 /sbin/init splash root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [kthreadd] root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [rcu_gp] root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [rcu_par_gp] root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [kworker/0:0H-kb] root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [mm_percpu_wq] root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] root 11 0.1 0.0 0 0 ? I 01:23 0:01 [rcu_sched] root 12 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [migration/0] root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [idle_inject/0] root 14 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [cpuhp/0] root 15 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [kdevtmpfs] root 16 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [netns] root 17 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [rcu_tasks_kthre] root 18 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [kauditd] root 19 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [khungtaskd] root 20 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [oom_reaper] root 21 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [writeback] root 22 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [kcompactd0] root 23 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN 01:23 0:00 [ksmd] root 24 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? SN 01:23 0:00 [khugepaged] root 116 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [kintegrityd] root 117 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [kblockd] root 118 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [blkcg_punt_bio] root 119 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [tpm_dev_wq] root 120 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [ata_sff] root 121 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [md] root 122 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [edac-poller] root 123 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [devfreq_wq] root 124 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [watchdogd] root 127 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [kswapd0] root 128 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [kworker/u257:0] root 129 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [ecryptfs-kthrea] root 132 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? I< 01:23 0:00 [kthrotld] root 133 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/24-pciehp] root 134 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/25-pciehp] root 135 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/26-pciehp] root 136 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/27-pciehp] root 137 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/28-pciehp] root 138 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/29-pciehp] root 139 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/30-pciehp] root 140 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/31-pciehp] root 141 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/32-pciehp] root 142 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/33-pciehp] root 143 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/34-pciehp] root 144 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/35-pciehp] root 145 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/36-pciehp] root 146 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/37-pciehp] root 147 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/38-pciehp] root 148 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/39-pciehp] root 149 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/40-pciehp] root 150 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/41-pciehp] root 151 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/42-pciehp] root 152 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/43-pciehp] root 153 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/44-pciehp] root 154 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/45-pciehp] root 155 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/46-pciehp] root 156 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/47-pciehp] root 157 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/48-pciehp] root 158 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 01:23 0:00 [irq/49-pciehp]
解释各个参数的意义：
ps：查看进程命令
-e：显示所有进程。
-f：全格式。
-h：不显示标题。
-l：长格式。
-w：宽输出。
-a：显示终端上的所有进程，包括其他用户的进程。
-r：只显示正在运行的进程。
-x：显示没有控制终端的进程。
-help：显示帮助信息。
-version：显示该命令的版本信息。
-ef 返回字段以及意义。
UESR：用户名
%CPU：CPU占用的百分比
%MEM：该程序占用内存的百分比
VSZ：占用虚拟内存量
RSS：占用固定内存量
STAT：进程的状态
START：该进程被触发启动的时间
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
UID 程序被该用户身份所拥有
PID 这个程序的 ID
PPID 是其上级父程序的ID
C CPU使用的资源百分比
STIME 系统启动时间
TTY 登入者的终端机位置
TIME 使用掉的CPU时间。
CMD 所下达的指令，以及参数
4. 通过该实验产生新的疑问及解答
第一次使用虚拟机做实验，感觉不是很习惯，我也是第一次知道ubuntu中的文件复制跟windows系统是不通用的，后来下载了VMware tool才可以。