• 创建基于ASP.NET core 3.1的RazorPagesMovie项目(四)-使用数据库


    本节介绍数据库上下文

    1、打开/Data/RazorPagesMovieContent.cs 、Startup.cs文件:

      

     1 using System;
     2 using System.Collections.Generic;
     3 using System.Linq;
     4 using System.Threading.Tasks;
     5 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
     6 using RazorPagesMovie.Models;
     7 
     8 namespace RazorPagesMovie.Data
     9 {
    10     public class RazorPagesMovieContext : DbContext
    11     {
    12         public RazorPagesMovieContext (DbContextOptions<RazorPagesMovieContext> options)
    13             : base(options)
    14         {
    15         }
    16 
    17         public DbSet<RazorPagesMovie.Models.Movie> Movie { get; set; }
    18     }
    19 }

       RazorPagesMovieContent对象负责连接到数据库,并将Movie对象映射到数据库中的记录。在Start.cs文件中,ConfigureServices方法中向依赖关系注入(Dependency Injection)容器中注册数据库上下文,第30行:

      

     1 using System;
     2 using System.Collections.Generic;
     3 using System.Linq;
     4 using System.Threading.Tasks;
     5 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
     6 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
     7 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.HttpsPolicy;
     8 using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
     9 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
    10 using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
    11 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
    12 using RazorPagesMovie.Data;
    13 
    14 namespace RazorPagesMovie
    15 {
    16     public class Startup
    17     {
    18         public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    19         {
    20             Configuration = configuration;
    21         }
    22 
    23         public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }
    24 
    25         // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    26         public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    27         {
    28             services.AddRazorPages();
    29 
    30             services.AddDbContext<RazorPagesMovieContext>(options =>
    31                     options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("RazorPagesMovieContext")));
    32         }
    33 
    34         // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    35         public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    36         {
    37             if (env.IsDevelopment())
    38             {
    39                 app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    40             }
    41             else
    42             {
    43                 app.UseExceptionHandler("/Error");
    44                 // The default HSTS value is 30 days. You may want to change this for production scenarios, see https://aka.ms/aspnetcore-hsts.
    45                 app.UseHsts();
    46             }
    47 
    48             app.UseHttpsRedirection();
    49             app.UseStaticFiles();
    50 
    51             app.UseRouting();
    52 
    53             app.UseAuthorization();
    54 
    55             app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
    56             {
    57                 endpoints.MapRazorPages();
    58             });
    59         }
    60     }
    61 }

      ASP.NET Core 配置系统会从appsettings.json文件中读取数据库连接字符串ConnectionString:

     1 {
     2   "Logging": {
     3     "LogLevel": {
     4       "Default": "Information",
     5       "Microsoft": "Warning",
     6       "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information"
     7     }
     8   },
     9   "AllowedHosts": "*",
    10   "ConnectionStrings": {
    11     "RazorPagesMovieContext": "Server=(localdb)\mssqllocaldb;Database=RazorPagesMovieContext-6047c874-bb75-49ef-b998-62db7c5cbaf4;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
    12   }
    13 }

      其中,Server表示服务器,这里是localdb\mssqllocaldb;Database表示数据库名称,是一个系统自动生成的,数据库名可以是任意的。在将程序部署到测试或者生产服务器时,可以使用环境变量将连接字符串设置为实际的数据库服务器。以后再详细介绍。

    2、SQL Server Express LocalDB

      localdb,是轻型版的数据库引擎。按需启动。默认情况下,它将在c:用户你的用户名目录下创建*.mdf和*_log.ldf文件。我这里生成的如下:

        

      选择“视图”>"SQL Server 对象资源管理器",在对象资源管理中我们可以看到刚才生成的数据库和表:

      

       在dbo.Movie表上右键,选择“视图设计器”,可以查看表格结构以及对应的TSQL和表上其他的对象:

      

       在dbo.Movie表上右键,选择“查看数据”,可以查看我们新增的电影记录:

      

     3、设定数据库种子(Seed the database)

     1 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
     2 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
     3 using RazorPagesMovie.Data;
     4 using System;
     5 using System.Linq;
     6 
     7 namespace RazorPagesMovie.Models
     8 {
     9     public static class SeedData
    10     {
    11         public static void Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
    12         {
    13             using (var context = new RazorPagesMovieContext(
    14                 serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<
    15                     DbContextOptions<RazorPagesMovieContext>>()))
    16             {
    17                 // Look for any movies.
    18                 if (context.Movie.Any())
    19                 {
    20                     return;   // DB has been seeded
    21                 }
    22 
    23                 context.Movie.AddRange(
    24                     new Movie
    25                     {
    26                         Title = "When Harry Met Sally",
    27                         ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1989-2-12"),
    28                         Genre = "Romantic Comedy",
    29                         Price = 7.99M
    30                     },
    31 
    32                     new Movie
    33                     {
    34                         Title = "Ghostbusters ",
    35                         ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1984-3-13"),
    36                         Genre = "Comedy",
    37                         Price = 8.99M
    38                     },
    39 
    40                     new Movie
    41                     {
    42                         Title = "Ghostbusters 2",
    43                         ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1986-2-23"),
    44                         Genre = "Comedy",
    45                         Price = 9.99M
    46                     },
    47 
    48                     new Movie
    49                     {
    50                         Title = "Rio Bravo",
    51                         ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1959-4-15"),
    52                         Genre = "Western",
    53                         Price = 3.99M
    54                     }
    55                 );
    56                 context.SaveChanges();
    57             }
    58         }
    59     }
    60 }

       第18-21行:如果DB中有任何电影,则会返回种子初始值设定项,并且不会添加任何电影。

       添加种子初始值设定项:

      打开Program.cs文件,修改Main方法:

     1 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
     2 using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
     3 using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting;
     4 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
     5 using RazorPagesMovie.Models;
     6 using System;
     7 
     8 namespace RazorPagesMovie
     9 {
    10     public class Program
    11     {
    12         public static void Main(string[] args)
    13         {
    14             var host = CreateHostBuilder(args).Build();
    15 
    16             using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
    17             {
    18                 var services = scope.ServiceProvider;
    19 
    20                 try
    21                 {
    22                     SeedData.Initialize(services);
    23                 }
    24                 catch (Exception ex)
    25                 {
    26                     var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
    27                     logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred seeding the DB.");
    28                 }
    29             }
    30 
    31             host.Run();
    32 
    33         }
    34 
    35         public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
    36             Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
    37                 .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
    38                 {
    39                     webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
    40                 });
    41     }
    42 }

    4、测试

      1、删除数据库中我们刚才录入的数据:既可以从数据库中直接删除,也可以通过delete页面进行

      2、退出IIS Express

      

      3、再次按下ctrl+F5,运行。我们发现,即使我们已经完全删除录入的记录,页面上还是还是有记录,这就是数据库的种子:

      

      下一节,我们介绍数据的展示

  • 相关阅读:
    hdu1814 Peaceful Commission 2-SAT
    上传下载文件
    文件下载类
    文件操作类
    MD5加密帮助类
    加密解密类
    发送邮件函数
    DataTable 分页
    服务器缓存帮助类
    Cookie帮助类
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hiwuchong/p/12082339.html
Copyright © 2020-2023  润新知