Ubuntu-18.04 下使用Nginx搭建高可用，高并发的asp.net core集群

一.实现前的准备

• 以下是实现简单负载均衡的思路，图中的服务器均为虚拟机

• 三台Linux服务器，一台用作Nginx负载均衡（192.168.254.139），另外两台用作Asp.Net Core应用程序承载的服务器（192.168.254.140，192.168.254.141）
• 一台用作于Client的Windows服务器。

二.环境搭建

1.Asp.Net Core程序

 就是一个新建的空web应用程序，然后修改了下Startup的中间件，分别部署到2台Ubuntu上。

    public class Startup
    {
        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        // For more information on how to configure your application, visit https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkID=398940
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.Run(async (context) =>
            {
                //await context.Response.WriteAsync("this is first web application");
                await context.Response.WriteAsync("this is second web application");
            });
        }
    }

2.配置Nginx服务器

• 安装Nginx
  • 在Ubuntu终端使用 sudo apt-get install nginx 命令安装Nginx。
  • 然后通过 sudo service nginx start 命令启动服务
  • 确认浏览器显示Nginx默认登录页。可在http://192.168.254.139/index.nginx-debian.html 访问登录页面。
• 配置Nginx
  • 若要将 Nginx 配置为反向代理以将请求转接到 ASP.NET Core 应用，请修改 /etc/nginx/sites-available/default。 sudo vi /etc/nginx/sites-available/default 
  • 设置proxy_pass后面的参数
  • 新增upstream，表示要转接的服务器集合，upstream后面的名字要与proxy_pass后面的参数相对应
  • 修改完之后:wq保存，然后 sudo nginx -t 来验证配置文件的语法有没有错误，如果配置文件测试成功，可以通过运行  sudo nginx -s reload  强制 Nginx 选取更改

upstream cluster.com{
        server 192.168.254.140 weight=1;
        server 192.168.254.141 weight=1;
}       

server {
        listen 80 default_server;
        # listen [::]:80 default_server deferred;
        # SSL configuration
        #
        # listen 443 ssl default_server;
        # listen [::]:443 ssl default_server;
        #
        # Note: You should disable gzip for SSL traffic.
        # See: https://bugs.debian.org/773332
        #
        # Read up on ssl_ciphers to ensure a secure configuration.
        # See: https://bugs.debian.org/765782
        #
        # Self signed certs generated by the ssl-cert package
        # Don't use them in a production server!
        #
        # include snippets/snakeoil.conf;

        root /var/www/html;

        # Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
        index index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

        server_name _example.com *.example.com;

        location / {
                proxy_pass         http://cluster.com;
                proxy_http_version 1.1;
                proxy_set_header   Upgrade $http_upgrade;
                proxy_set_header   Connection keep-alive;
                proxy_set_header   Host $host;
                proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade;
                proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
                proxy_set_header   X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
                # First attempt to serve request as file, then
                # as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
                try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        }

        # pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
        #
        #location ~ .php$ {
        #       include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        #
        #       # With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
        #       fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.0-fpm.sock;
        #       # With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
        #       fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /.ht {
        #       deny all;
        #}
}

2.Client控制台应用程序

    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
            {
                string result = httpClient.GetStringAsync("http://192.168.254.139").Result;
                Console.WriteLine(result);
            }
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

结果如下：

由结果可知，Nginx服务器会根据我们配置Nginx时的权重进行转向，到现在，一个简单的集群已经搭建。