Java 8 Lambda 表达式
语法
lambda 表达式的语法格式如下：
(parameters) -> expression
或
(parameters) ->{ statements; }
Lambda 表达式实例
public class Calculator {
interface IntegerMath {
int operation(int a, int b);
}
public int operateBinary(int a, int b, IntegerMath op) {
return op.operation(a, b);
}
public static void main(String... args) {
Calculator myApp = new Calculator();
IntegerMath addition = (a, b) -> a + b;
IntegerMath subtraction = (a, b) -> a - b;
System.out.println("40 + 2 = " + myApp.operateBinary(40, 2, addition));
System.out.println("20 - 10 = " + myApp.operateBinary(20, 10, subtraction));
}
}
点击查看结果
```
40 + 2 = 42
20 - 10 = 10
```
public class Java8Lambda {
public static void main(String args[]) {
Java8Lambda tester = new Java8Lambda();
// 类型声明
MathOperation addition = (int a, int b) -> a + b;
// 不用类型声明
MathOperation subtraction = (a, b) -> a - b;
// 大括号中的返回语句
MathOperation multiplication = (int a, int b) -> {
return a * b;
};
// 没有大括号及返回语句
MathOperation division = (int a, int b) -> a / b;
System.out.println("10 + 5 = " + tester.operate(10, 5, addition));
System.out.println("10 - 5 = " + tester.operate(10, 5, subtraction));
System.out.println("10 x 5 = " + tester.operate(10, 5, multiplication));
System.out.println("10 / 5 = " + tester.operate(10, 5, division));
// 不用括号
GreetingService greetService1 = message -> System.out.println("Hello " + message);
// 用括号
GreetingService greetService2 = (message) -> System.out.println("Hello " + message);
greetService1.sayMessage("Runoob");
greetService2.sayMessage("Google");
}
interface MathOperation {
int operation(int a, int b);
}
interface GreetingService {
void sayMessage(String message);
}
private int operate(int a, int b, MathOperation mathOperation) {
return mathOperation.operation(a, b);
}
}
点击查看结果
```
10 + 5 = 15
10 - 5 = 5
10 x 5 = 50
10 / 5 = 2
Hello Runoob
Hello Google
```
变量作用域
lambda 表达式只能引用标记了 final 的外层局部变量，这就是说不能在 lambda 内部修改定义在域外的局部变量，否则会编译错误。
import java.util.function.Consumer;
public class LambdaScopeTest {
public int x = 0;
class FirstLevel {
public int x = 1;
void methodInFirstLevel(int x) {
// The following statement causes the compiler to generate
// the error "local variables referenced from a lambda expression
// must be final or effectively final" in statement A:
//
// x = 99;
Consumer<Integer> myConsumer = (y) -> {
System.out.println("x = " + x); // Statement A
System.out.println("y = " + y);
System.out.println("this.x = " + this.x);
System.out.println("LambdaScopeTest.this.x = " + LambdaScopeTest.this.x);
};
myConsumer.accept(x);
}
}
public static void main(String... args) {
LambdaScopeTest st = new LambdaScopeTest();
LambdaScopeTest.FirstLevel fl = st.new FirstLevel();
fl.methodInFirstLevel(23);
}
}
点击查看结果
```
x = 23
y = 23
this.x = 1
LambdaScopeTest.this.x = 0
```
lambda 表达式的局部变量可以不用声明为 final，但是必须不可被后面的代码修改。（即隐性的具有 final 的语义）
public class Java8Tester {
public static void main(String args[]) {
final int num = 1;
Converter<Integer, String> s = (param) -> System.out.println(String.valueOf(param + num));
s.convert(2); // 输出结果为 3
}
public interface Converter<T1, T2> {
void convert(int i);
}
}
在 Lambda 表达式当中不允许声明一个与局部变量同名的参数或者局部变量。
参考资料