verilog 常用系统函数及例子

1.打开文件

　　integer file_id;

　　file_id = fopen("file_path/file_name");

2.写入文件：$fmonitor,$fwrite,$fdisplay,$fstrobe

　　//$fmonitor只要有变化就一直记录

　　$fmonitor(file_id, "%format_char", parameter);

　　$fmonitor(file_id, "%m: %t in1=%d o1=%h", $time, in1, o1);

//$fwrite需要触发条件才记录

　　$fwrite(file_id, "%format_char", parameter);

//$fdisplay需要触发条件才记录

　　$fdisplay(file_id, "%format_char", parameter);

$fstrobe();

3.读取文件：$fread

　　integer file_id;

　　file_id = $fread("file_path/file_name", "r");

4.关闭文件：$fclose

　　$fclose(fjile_id);

5.由文件设定存储器初值：$readmemh，$readmemb

　　$readmemh("file_name", memory_name"); //初始化数据为十六进制

　　$readmemb("file_name", memory_name"); //初始化数据为二进制

6、文件显示：$monitor,$write，$display

　$display,$write用于输出信息

　　$display("rvel = %h hex %d decimal",rvel,rvel);

　　$monitor($time, ,"rxd = %b txd = %b",rxd ,txd)

6、文件定位

　　$fseek，文件定位，可以从任意点对文件进行操作；

　　$fscanf，对文件一行进行读写。

7、退出仿真器$finish

8、随机数据产生：$random

下面是一些常见的应用：
1、读写文件
`timescale 1 ns/1 ns
module FileIO_tb;
integer fp_r, fp_w, cnt;
reg [7:0] reg1, reg2, reg3;
initial begin
fp_r = $fopen("data_in.txt", "r");
fp_w = $fopen("data_out.txt", "w");

while(!$feof(fp_r)) begin
cnt = $fscanf(fp_r, "%d %d %d", reg1, reg2, reg3);
$display("%d %d %d", reg1, reg2, reg3);
$fwrite(fp_w, "%d %d %d ", reg3, reg2, reg1);
end

$fclose(fp_r);
$fclose(fp_w);
end
endmodule
2、
integer file, char;
reg eof;
initial begin
file = $fopenr("myfile.txt");
eof = 0;
while (eof == 0) begin
char = $fgetc(file);
eof = $feof (file);
$display ("%s", char);
end
end
3、文件处理定位
`define SEEK_SET 0
`define SEEK_CUR 1
`define SEEK_END 2
integer file, offset, position, r;
r = $fseek(file, 0, `SEEK_SET);
r = $fseek(file, 0, `SEEK_CUR);
r = $fseek(file, 0, `SEEK_END);
r = $fseek(file, position, `SEEK_SET);
　　4、
integer r, file, start, count;
reg [15:0] mem[0:10], r16;
r = $fread(file, mem[0], start, count);
r = $fread(file, r16);
　　5、
integer file, position;
position = $ftell(file);
6、
integer file, r, a, b;
reg [80*8:1] string;
file = $fopenw("output.log");
r = $sformat(string, "Formatted %d %x", a, b);
r = $sprintf(string, "Formatted %d %x", a, b);
r = $fprintf(file, "Formatted %d %x", a, b);
7、
integer file, r;
file = $fopenw("output.log");
r = $fflush(file);
8、
// This is a pattern file - read_pattern.pat
// time bin dec hex
10: 001 1 1
20.0: 010 20 020
50.02: 111 5 FFF
62.345: 100 4 DEADBEEF
75.789: XXX 2 ZzZzZzZz
`timescale 1ns / 10 ps
`define EOF 32'hFFFF_FFFF
`define NULL 0
`define MAX_LINE_LENGTH 1000

module read_pattern;
integer file, c, r;
reg [3:0] bin;
reg [31:0] dec, hex;
real real_time;
reg [8*`MAX_LINE_LENGTH:0] line;

initial
begin : file_block
$timeformat(-9, 3, "ns", 6);
$display("time bin decimal hex");
file = $fopenr("read_pattern.pat");
if (file == `NULL) // If error opening file
disable file_block; // Just quit

c = $fgetc(file);
while (c != `EOF)
begin

if (c == "/")
r = $fgets(line, `MAX_LINE_LENGTH, file);
else
begin
// Push the character back to the file then read the next time
r = $ungetc(c, file);
r = $fscanf(file," %f: ", real_time);

// Wait until the absolute time in the file, then read stimulus
if ($realtime > real_time)
$display("Error - absolute time in file is out of order - %t",
real_time);
else
#(real_time - $realtime)
r = $fscanf(file," %b %d %h ",bin,dec,hex);
end // if c else
c = $fgetc(file);
end // while not EOF

r = $fcloser(file);
end // initial

// Display changes to the signals
always @(bin or dec or hex)
$display("%t %b %d %h", $realtime, bin, dec, hex);

endmodule // read_pattern
9、自动比较输出结果
`define EOF 32'hFFFF_FFFF
`define NULL 0
`define MAX_LINE_LENGTH 1000
module compare;
integer file, r;
reg a, b, expect, clock;
wire out;
reg [`MAX_LINE_LENGTH*8:1];
parameter cycle = 20;

initial
begin : file_block
$display("Time Stim Expect Output");
clock = 0;

file = $fopenr("compare.pat");
if (file == `NULL)
disable file_block;

r = $fgets(line, MAX_LINE_LENGTH, file); // Skip comments
r = $fgets(line, MAX_LINE_LENGTH, file);

while (!$feof(file))
begin
// Wait until rising clock, read stimulus
@(posedge clock)
r = $fscanf(file, " %b %b %b ", a, b, expect);

// Wait just before the end of cycle to do compare
#(cycle - 1)
$display("%d %b %b %b %b", $stime, a, b, expect, out);
$strobe_compare(expect, out);
end // while not EOF

r = $fcloser(file);
$stop;
end // initial

always #(cycle / 2) clock = !clock; // Clock generator

and #4 (out, a, b); // Circuit under test
endmodule // compare
10、从文件中读数据到mem（这个好像一般人用的最多了）
`define EOF 32'HFFFF_FFFF
`define MEM_SIZE 200_000
module load_mem;
integer file, i;
reg [7:0] mem[0:`MEM_SIZE];
reg [80*8:1] file_name;
initial
begin
file_name = "data.bin";
file = $fopenr(file_name);
i = $fread(file, mem[0]);
$display("Loaded %0d entries ", i);
i = $fcloser(file);
$stop;
end endmodule // load_mem