题面
题解
显然对于所有点对答案的贡献都有一个相同的系数,设这个系数为(X),那么(ans=Xsum w_i)。
枚举一个点所在集合的大小,有
[egin{aligned}\
X&=sum_{i=1}^n i{n-1choose i-1}egin{Bmatrix}n-i\k-1end{Bmatrix}\
&=sum_{i=1}^n i{n-1choose i-1}frac{1}{(k-1)!}sum_{j=0}^{k-1}(-1)^j{k-1choose j}(k-1-j)^{n-i}\
&=sum_{i=1}^n i{n-1choose i-1}sum_{j=0}^{k-1}frac{(-1)^j}{j!}frac{(k-j-1)^{n-i}}{(k-j-1)!}\
&=sum_{j=0}^{k-1}frac{(-1)^j}{j!(k-j-1)!}sum_{i=1}^n i {n-1choose i-1}(k-j-1)^{n-i}\
&=sum_{j=0}^{k-1}frac{(-1)^j}{j!(k-j-1)!}(sum_{i=1}^n{n-1choose i-1}(k-j-1)^{n-i}+sum_{i=1}^n (i-1){n-1choose i-1}(k-j-1)^{n-i})\
&=sum_{j=0}^{k-1}frac{(-1)^j}{j!(k-j-1)!}(sum_{i=1}^n{n-1choose i-1}(k-j-1)^{n-i}+(n-1)sum_{i=1}^n {n-2choose i-2}(k-j-1)^{n-i})\
&=sum_{j=0}^{k-1}frac{(-1)^j}{j!(k-j-1)!}((k-j)^{n-1}+(n-1)(k-j)^{n-2})\
&=sum_{j=0}^{k-1}frac{(-1)^j}{j!(k-j-1)!}(k-j)^{n-2}(k-j+n-1)\
end{aligned}
]
这种推式子的方法比较不要脑子,还有一种要脑子的方法:
考虑什么对一个点的贡献,那么他自己对自己的贡献就为(egin{Bmatrix}n\kend{Bmatrix}),
别人对他的贡献就是别人先分好然后他往别人分好的集合丢的贡献,也就是((n-1)egin{Bmatrix}n-1\kend{Bmatrix})
所以又有(X=egin{Bmatrix}n\kend{Bmatrix}+(n-1)egin{Bmatrix}n-1\kend{Bmatrix})
代码
代码是第二种方法的。
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <cmath>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
inline int gi() {
register int data = 0, w = 1;
register char ch = 0;
while (!isdigit(ch) && ch != '-') ch = getchar();
if (ch == '-') w = -1, ch = getchar();
while (isdigit(ch)) data = 10 * data + ch - '0', ch = getchar();
return w * data;
}
const int MAX_N = 2e5 + 5, Mod = 1e9 + 7;
int fpow(int x, int y) {
int res = 1;
while (y) {
if (y & 1) res = 1ll * res * x % Mod;
x = 1ll * x * x % Mod;
y >>= 1;
}
return res;
}
int fac[MAX_N], ifc[MAX_N];
int C(int n, int m) {
if (n < m) return 0;
else return 1ll * fac[n] * ifc[n - m] % Mod * ifc[m] % Mod;
}
int N, K, w[MAX_N];
int S(int n, int m) {
int res = 0, p = 1;
for (int i = 0; i <= m; i++) {
res = (res + 1ll * p * C(m, i) % Mod * fpow(m - i, n)) % Mod;
p = Mod - p;
}
res = 1ll * res * ifc[m] % Mod;
return res;
}
int main () {
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
freopen("cpp.in", "r", stdin);
#endif
N = gi(), K = gi();
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) w[i] = gi();
fac[0] = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) fac[i] = 1ll * i * fac[i - 1] % Mod;
ifc[N] = fpow(fac[N], Mod - 2);
for (int i = N - 1; ~i; i--) ifc[i] = 1ll * ifc[i + 1] * (i + 1) % Mod;
int ans = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <= N; i++) ans = (ans + w[i]) % Mod;
printf("%lld
", 1ll * ans * (S(N, K) + 1ll * S(N - 1, K) * (N - 1) % Mod) % Mod);
return 0;
}