• LeetCode-380 Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)


    题目描述

    Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.

    1. insert(val): Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.
    2. remove(val): Removes an item val from the set if present.
    3. getRandom: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.

    题目大意

    设计一个数据结构,实现以下三种操作:

      1. 插入:如果插入一个已存在的数字则返回false,否则插入该数字返回true;

      2. 删除:如果删除一个不存在的数字返回false,否则删除该数字返回true;

      3. 获得随机数:随机获得已插入的数字其中的一个,保证所有数字都有几率获得。

    示例

    E1

    // Init an empty set.
    RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet();
    
    // Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.
    randomSet.insert(1);
    
    // Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.
    randomSet.remove(2);
    
    // Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].
    randomSet.insert(2);
    
    // getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.
    randomSet.getRandom();
    
    // Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].
    randomSet.remove(1);
    
    // 2 was already in the set, so return false.
    randomSet.insert(2);
    
    // Since 2 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 2.
    randomSet.getRandom();

    解题思路

    用vector<int>保存插入的整数,用map<int, int>保存存入整数的索引位置。

    复杂度分析

    时间复杂度:O(1)

    空间复杂度:O(N)

    代码

    class RandomizedSet {
    private:
        vector<int> nums;
        map<int, int> index;
        
    public:
        /** Initialize your data structure here. */
        RandomizedSet() {
            
        }
        
        /** Inserts a value to the set. Returns true if the set did not already contain the specified element. */
        bool insert(int val) {
            if(index.find(val) != index.end())
                return false;
            // 存入整数到nums,同时记录该数字的索引位置
            nums.emplace_back(val);
            index[val] = nums.size() - 1;
            return true;
        }
        
        /** Removes a value from the set. Returns true if the set contained the specified element. */
        bool remove(int val) {
            if(index.find(val) == index.end())
                return false;
            // 将nums的最后一个位置与val互换位置,并删除最后一个整数
            int last = nums.back();
            index[last] = index[val];
            nums[index[val]] = last;
            nums.pop_back();
            index.erase(val);
            return true;
        }
        
        /** Get a random element from the set. */
        int getRandom() {
            return nums[rand() % nums.size()];
        }
    };
    
    /**
     * Your RandomizedSet object will be instantiated and called as such:
     * RandomizedSet* obj = new RandomizedSet();
     * bool param_1 = obj->insert(val);
     * bool param_2 = obj->remove(val);
     * int param_3 = obj->getRandom();
     */
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/heyn1/p/11262895.html
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