django

django的 CBV

定制dispatch，定制响应头，定制cookie

 1 from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
 2 from django.views import View
 3 # Create your views here.
 4 class Myindex(View):
 5     #定制dispatch
 6     def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
 7         result=super(Myindex,self).dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)
 8         return  result
 9     def get(self,request):
10         return  render(request,'index.html')
11     def post(self,request):
12         #定制响应头
13         ret=HttpResponse('saoka')
14         ret['h1']='v1'
15         ret['h2']='v3'
16         #设置cookie
17         ret.set_cookie('c1','v2')
18         ret.set_cookie('c2','v3')
19         return  ret

django的静态文件路径的设置STATICFILES_DIRS=[

    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static')
]

Django 2.0的
创建app
1 python manage.py startapp app01
2 在settings.py中的设置

 1 INSTALLED_APPS = [
 2     'app02.apps.App02Config',
 3     'app01.apps.App01Config',
 4     'django.contrib.admin',
 5     'django.contrib.auth',
 6     'django.contrib.contenttypes',
 7     'django.contrib.sessions',
 8     'django.contrib.messages',
 9     'django.contrib.staticfiles',
10     #'app01.apps.AppConfig',
11 ]

django2.0

3 创建model相关的数据库表结构

4 python manage.py migrate

5 python manage.py makemigrations app01

6 url.py 的路由的写法

 1 from django.contrib import admin
 2 from django.urls import path
 3 from app01.views import  classes,students,teachers
 4 urlpatterns = [
 5     path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
 6     path(r'index/',classes.Myclasses.as_view()),
 7     path('add_classes/',classes.AddClasses.as_view()),
 8     path('del_classes-<int:class_id>/',classes.DelClasses.as_view()),
 9     path('edit_classes-<int:class_id>/',classes.EditClasses.as_view()),
10     path('student/',students.Students.as_view()),
11     path('stu_add/',students.StuAdd.as_view()),
12     path('stu_edit-<int:stu_id>/',students.StuEdit.as_view()),
13 ]

django2.0路由

ajax 原生的js 实现ajax的方法

 1  <script>
 2         var the_a=document.getElementById('a1');
 3         the_a.onclick=function (ev) {
 4             var myx= new XMLHttpRequest();
 5             myx.onreadystatechange=function () {
 6                 if (myx.readyState==4){
 7                     console.log(myx.responseText);
 8                 }
 9             }
10             myx.open('get','/myaa/myajax/?name=sakula');
11             myx.send(null);
12 
13         }
14     </script>

ajax js的实现方法

ajax 原生的js 实现ajax的post方法

 1 <script>
 2         var the_a=document.getElementById('a1');
 3         the_a.onclick=function (ev) {
 4             var myx= new XMLHttpRequest();
 5             myx.onreadystatechange=function () {
 6                 if (myx.readyState==4){
 7                     console.log(myx.responseText);
 8                 }
 9             }
10             //myx.open('get','/myaa/myajax/?name=sakula');
11             myx.open('post','/myaa/myajax/?name=sakula');
12             //设置请求头，这样django才能解析
13             myx.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset-UTF-8')
14             myx.send('p=sakula');
15 
16         }
17     </script>

js ajax post

伪ajax form表单提交和iframe的不刷新页面的功能实现 ajax的提交数据不刷新页面的效果

 1 <div>
 2         <iframe name="myi"></iframe>
 3     </div>
 4     <div>
 5         <h4>iframe的方式 伪ajax的方式提交数据不刷新页面</h4>
 6         <form action="/myaa/myajax/" method="post" target="myi">
 7             <input type="text" value="1111" name="usernname">
 8             <input type="submit" value="提交">
 9         </form>
10     </div>

form iframe

伪ajax form 表单提交和回调函数的实现提取数据这种方式对平台的兼容性很好

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>Title</title>
 6     <style>
 7         .b_a{
 8             display: inline-block;
 9             background-color: antiquewhite;
10             padding: 5px 10px;
11             color: white;
12         }
13     </style>
14 </head>
15 <body>
16     <div>
17         <h4>莆田提交</h4>
18         <div>
19             <a id='a1' class="b_a">伪ajax提交</a>
20         </div>
21         <iframe id='if'name="iii"></iframe>
22         <form id='fm' action="/myaa/mytest/" method="post" target="iii">
23             <input type="text" value="1111">
24         </form>
25     </div>
26     <script>
27         document.getElementById('a1').onclick=wajax_click;
28         function wajax_click() {
29             //注册onload事件
30             document.getElementById('if').onload=ifrealod;
31             //form的表单提交
32             document.getElementById('fm').submit();
33         }
34         function ifrealod() {
35             //获取回调的显示在iframe中内容
36             var content=this.contentWindow.document.body.innerText;
37             var myresponse=JSON.parse(content);
38             //类似于回调函数
39             if(myresponse.status){
40                 alert('......');
41             }
42         }
43     </script>
44 </body>
45 </html>

iframe 回调

ajax js 与ajax jquey 上传文件

1 ajax js form data 对象的打包数据的方式上传文件

 1 function ajax_js() {
 2             var mydata=new FormData();
 3             var myx=new XMLHttpRequest();
 4             var myfile=document.getElementById('img').files[0]
 5             mydata.append('k1','v1');
 6             mydata.append('k2','v2');
 7             mydata.append('aa',myfile);
 8             var myx= new XMLHttpRequest();
 9             myx.onreadystatechange=function () {
10                 if (myx.readyState==4){
11                     console.log(myx.responseText);
12                 }
13             }
14             //myx.open('get','/myaa/myajax/?name=sakula');
15             myx.open('post','/myaa/mytest/');
16             //设置请求头，这样django才能解析
17            // myx.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset-UTF-8')
18             myx.send(mydata);
19         }

ajax js formdata

2 ajax jquery form data 对象的打包数据的方式上传文件

 1 function ajax_jquery() {
 2             var mydata=new FormData();
 3             var myfile=document.getElementById('img').files[0]
 4             mydata.append('k1','v1');
 5             mydata.append('k3','v3');
 6             mydata.append('aa',myfile);
 7             $.ajax({
 8                 url:'/myaa/mytest/',
 9                 type:'post',
10                 data:mydata,
11                 success:function (arg) {
12                     console.log(arg);
13                 },
14                 processData: false,  // tell jQuery not to process the data
15                 contentType: false  // tell jQuery not to set contentType
16             });
17         }

ajax jquery form data

iframe + form表单的方式上传文件

 1 <div>
 2         <h4>iframe + form 上传文件</h4>
 3         <iframe id="if2" name="iiff"></iframe>
 4         <div><a id="a4">提交</a></div>
 5         <form id='ff' action="/myaa/mytest/" method="post" target="iiff" enctype="multipart/form-data">
 6             <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="username">
 7             <input type="text" name="password" placeholder="password">
 8             <input type="file" name="uimg">
 9         </form>
10     </div>
11 
12 
13 <script>
14     document.getElementById('a4').onclick=fii;
15     function fii() {
16             document.getElementById('if2').onload=if2on;
17             document.getElementById('ff').submit();
18         }
19      function if2on() {
20             var content=this.contentWindow.document.body.innerText;
21             console.log(content);
22     }
23 </script>

iframe +form 上传文件

iframe + form表达方式实现上传图片+图片预览的功能

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>图像上传预览</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8     <div>
 9         <iframe  style="display: none" id="if" name="iiff"></iframe>
10         <form id="fm" action="/myaa/upload/" method="post" target="iiff" enctype="multipart/form-data">
11             <input  id="ii" name="im" type="file">
12         </form>
13     </div>
14     <div><h4>图像预览</h4></div>
15     <div id="yl">
16 
17     </div>
18     <script>
19         document.getElementById('ii').onchange=asubmit;
20         function asubmit() {
21             document.getElementById('if').onload=fsubmit;
22             document.getElementById('fm').submit();
23         }
24         function fsubmit() {
25             var content=this.contentWindow.document.body.innerText;
26             var content_dict=JSON.parse(content);
27             if(content_dict.status){
28                 //console.log(content_dict.data);
29                 var up_img=document.createElement('img')
30                 //up_img.attr('src',content_dict.data)
31                 up_img.src="/"+content_dict.data
32                 document.getElementById('yl').appendChild(up_img)
33             }
34         }
35     </script>
36 </body>
37 </html>

upload.html

 1 class Upp(View):
 2     def get(self,request):
 3         return render(request,'user/upload.html')
 4     def post(self,request):
 5         myf=request.FILES.get('im')
 6         import os
 7         file_name=str(uuid.uuid4())+myf.name
 8         file_path=os.path.join('static/upload',file_name)
 9         with open(file_path,'wb') as ff:
10             for line in myf.chunks():
11                 ff.write(line)
12         response_dict={'status':True,'error':None,'data':file_path}
13         return HttpResponse(json.dumps(response_dict))

view 部分

Jsonp 跨域 ajax

1浏览器的同源策略

2XMLHttpRequest对象遵循这同源策略

3 利用 img，script, 等标签的src属性可以访问外部的地址，不遵循这同源策略实现

4 jsonp返回的数据包裹在函数中

5在本地实现这函数，通过参数来获取 jsonp返回的数据

6 请求的方式为get

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>MyJspon 练习</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8     <div>
 9         <a id="a1" style="display: inline-block;padding: 5px 10px; background-color: bisque;color: white">点我测试</a>
10     </div>
11     <script>
12         //触发jsonp
13         document.getElementById('a1').onclick=a1_click;
14         function a1_click() {
15             var tag=document.createElement('script');
16             tag.src="http://www.jxntv.cn/data/jmd-jxtv2.html?callback=list&_=1454376870403";
17             document.head.appendChild(tag);
18             document.head.removeChild(tag);
19         }
20         function list(arg) {
21             console.log(arg);
22         }
23     </script>
24 </body>
25 </html>

jsonp js的实现方式

 1 <!DOCTYPE html>
 2 <html lang="en">
 3 <head>
 4     <meta charset="UTF-8">
 5     <title>jsonp 的jquery ajax的方式实现</title>
 6 </head>
 7 <body>
 8     <div>
 9         <a id="a1">点我试试</a>
10     </div>
11     <script src="/static/js/jquery-3.1.1.js"></script>
12     <script>
13         $('#a1').click(mybb);
14         function mybb() {
15             $.ajax({
16                url:'http://www.jxntv.cn/data/jmd-jxtv2.html?callback=list&_=1454376870403',
17                type:'get',
18                dataType:'jsonp',
19             });
20         }
21         function list(arg) {
22             console.log(arg);
23         }
24     </script>
25 </body>
26 </html>

jsonp jquery ajax方式实现

 1 function submitJsonp4() {
 2             $.ajax({
 3                 url: 'http://127.0.0.1:9000/xiaokai.html',
 4                 type: 'POST',
 5                 dataType: 'jsonp',
 6                 jsonp: 'callback',
 7                 jsonpCallback: 'func'
 8             })
 9         }
10         function func(arg) {
11             console.log(arg);
12         }

jsonp 自己定义回调函数

1 #用请求端自己的callback函数包裹响应数据
2 func_name=request.Get.get('callback')
3 return HttpResponse("%s('the_return_data')"%(func_name))

jsonp的响应端

CORS

现在的浏览器可以支持主动设置从而允许跨域请求，即：跨域资源共享（CORS，Cross-Origin Resource Sharing），其本质是设置响应头，使得浏览器允许跨域请求。

1 可以不仅仅为get的方式请求数据

2返回数据时候，主动设置响应头

Access-Control-Request-Headers="*"

form表单

 1 from django.forms import Form
 2 from django.forms import fields,ValidationError
 3 from django.forms import widgets
 4 class UserInfoAdmin(Form):
 5     name=fields.CharField(
 6         required=True,#是否可以为空
 7         max_length=32,#最大长度
 8         min_length=2,#最小长度
 9         error_messages={
10           'required':'aa',
11         },#错误提示
12         widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control','placeholder':'name'})
13     )
14 
15     password=fields.CharField(
16         widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control', 'placeholder': 'password'})
17     )
18     email=fields.EmailField(
19         widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={'class':'form-control','placeholder':'Email'})
20     )
21     nic_img=fields.ImageField(
22 
23     )
24     def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
25         super(UserInfoAdmin,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)
26         self.fields['nic_img'].widget.attrs['class']='upi'

标签自定义属性

form表单的choices可以从数据库中获取值，但由于是静态字段，不能够实时更新，我们可以自定义构造函数实现 choices字段的实时更新

 1 from django.forms import Form
 2 from django.forms import widgets
 3 from django.forms import fields
 4  
 5 class MyForm(Form):
 6  
 7     user = fields.ChoiceField(
 8         # choices=((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),),
 9         initial=2,
10         widget=widgets.Select
11     )
12  
13     def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
14         super(MyForm,self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
15         # self.fields['user'].widget.choices = ((1, '上海'), (2, '北京'),)
16         # 或
17         self.fields['user'].widget.choices = models.Classes.objects.all().value_list('id','caption')

自定义构造函数实现