mysql备份

一、mysql单库备份

1、备份数据库

mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 heruiguo>/opt/mysql_bak/mysql.sql;

2、删除数据库的表表，便于验证

mysql -uroot -pwc20080512 -e "use heruiguo;drop table user;"

[root@localhost mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -pwc20080512 -e "use heruiguo;drop table user;"
[root@localhost mysql_bak]# 
[root@localhost mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -pwc20080512
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 19
Server version: 10.1.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> use  heruiguo;
Database changed
MariaDB [heruiguo]> show  tables;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

3、用备份的数据还原；

mysql -uroot -pwc20080512  heruiguo </opt/mysql_bak/mysql.sql ;

4、验证还原的数据；

[root@localhost mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -pwc20080512  -e "use  heruiguo;select * from user";
+----+----------+-----------+
| id | name     | dizhi     |
+----+----------+-----------+
|  1 | heruiguo | chongqing |
|  2 | zhangsan | chengdu   |
|  3 | lisi     | beijing   |
|  4 | wangwu   | shanghai  |
+----+----------+-----------+

注意：我们在备份的时候建议加上-B，好处是在备份数据的时候会创建库，选中库

备份：mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B heruiguo >/opt/mysql_bak/mysql_B.sql;

 还原：mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 </opt/mysql_bak/mysql_B.sql;

5、压缩备份，减小文件的大小

mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B heruiguo | gzip >/opt/mysql_bak/mysql_B.sql.gz;

二、mysql多库备份

1、创建库

create dababases  wanghaixue;

2、创建表

create  table school(

id varchar(10),

name varchar(20),

dizhi  varchar(30)

);

3、插入数据

insert  into school (id,name,dizhi) values (2,'daxue','nanjing'),(3,'xiaoxue','sichuan');

4、查询数据：

MariaDB [wanghaixue]> select * from  school;
+------+----------+---------+
| id   | name     | dizhi   |
+------+----------+---------+
| 1    | zhongxue | beijing |
| 2    | daxue    | nanjing |
| 2    | daxue    | nanjing |
| 3    | xiaoxue  | sichuan |
+------+----------+---------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5、备份多个数据库

 mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512  -B heruiguo  wanghaixue|gzip >/opt/mysql_bak/mysql_duogeku.sql.gz;

heruiguo和wanghaixue是库名

 三、多库批量分库备份

1、过滤掉多余的库

[root@localhost mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -pwc20080512 -e "show databases;"
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| heruiguo |
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| wanghaixue |
+--------------------+

[root@localhost mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -pwc20080512 -e "show databases;" |grep -Evi "info|per|data"|sed 's#^#mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B #g'

mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B heruiguo
mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B mysql
mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B wanghaixue

2、拼接备份语句

[root@localhost mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -pwc20080512  -e "show databases;" |grep -Evi "info|per|data"|sed -r 's#^([a-z].*$)#mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B 1|gzip >/opt/mysql_bak/1.sql.gz#g'
mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B heruiguo|gzip >/opt/mysql_bak/heruiguo.sql.gz
mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B mysql|gzip >/opt/mysql_bak/mysql.sql.gz
mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B wanghaixue|gzip >/opt/mysql_bak/wanghaixue.sql.gz

3、拼接可执行备份语句

[root@localhost mysql_bak]# mysql -uroot -pwc20080512  -e "show databases;" |grep -Evi "info|per|data"|sed -r 's#^([a-z].*$)#mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -B 1|gzip >/opt/mysql_bak/1.sql.gz#g'|bash

4、验证备份的结果

[root@localhost mysql_bak]# ll
总用量 144
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    814 4月  29 11:33 heruiguo.sql.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 136444 4月  29 11:33 mysql.sql.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root    783 4月  29 11:33 wanghaixue.sql.gz

四、备份单个表

mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512   heruiguo user >/opt/mysql_bak/user.sql;

分库分表视频：

http://edu.51cto.com/course/808.html

备份表结构(-d)

mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -d  heruiguo user

备份数据（-t）

mysqldump -uroot -pwc20080512 -t  heruiguo user