空间表示实际或理论上有界的面积或体积。空间是指在建筑物内提供某些功能的区域或体积。
空间与建筑楼层相关联（或如果外部空间与场地相关联）。一个空间可以跨越多个相连的空间。因此，空间组提供包含在楼层中的空间集合。空间也可以分解为多个部分，每个部分定义一个部分空间。这是由超类型ifcspatialstructurelement的CompositionType属性定义的，该属性解释如下：
- COMPLEX = space group
- ELEMENT = space
- PARTIAL = partial space
注意视图定义和实现协议可能会限制CompositionType=ELEMENT的空间不重叠。
IfcSpace用于构建建筑的空间结构（作为主要项目分解，需要层次化）。空间结构元素通过对象化关系IfcRelAggregates连接在一起。
图显示了IfcSpace作为空间结构的一部分。它还充当空间相关元素的空间容器。
注：视图定义和实现者协议中给出了有关强制元素包含和放置结构关系的详细要求。
以下准则应适用于使用Name、Description、LongName和ObjectType属性。
■名称保留计划中的唯一名称（或空间编号）。
■说明包含用户可能指定的任何附加信息字段，没有进一步的建议。
■LongName保存空间的全名，它通常是在名称之外使用的，如果给房间分配了一个数字，则描述性名称将交换为LongName。
■ObjectType保存空间类型，即通常是空间的功能类别。
注意：如果IfcSpace的几何表示与周围ifcrelspacebundary的组合几何表示不一致，则空间的几何表示应优先于周围空间边界的几何表示。
图描述了IfcSpace的高度和高程。
■空间标高（施工板顶部）等于楼层标高：由IfcBuilding storey提供。相对于em的标高>IfcBuilding。fheight的标高
■空间地板的标高（板顶部地板的顶部）：由IfcSpace提供。高度与IfcBuilding相关的地板。高度
■空间高度（板顶以下至板底以上）：由BaseQuantity提供，Name=“height”
■空间的地板高度（地板顶部以下到地板顶部）：由BaseQuantity提供，名称为“FinishFloorHeight”
■空间净高（地板顶部至吊顶底部）：由BaseQuantity提供，名称为“FinishCeilingHeight”
Attribute definitions
| # | Attribute | Type | Cardinality | Description | C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | PredefinedType | IfcSpaceTypeEnum | [0:1] | Predefined generic types for a space that are specified in an enumeration. There might be property sets defined specifically for each predefined type.
NOTE Previous use had been to indicates whether the IfcSpace is an interior space by value INTERNAL, or an exterior space by value EXTERNAL. This use is now deprecated, the property 'IsExternal' at 'Pset_SpaceCommon' should be used instead. |
X |
| 11 | ElevationWithFlooring | IfcLengthMeasure | [0:1] | Level of flooring of this space; the average shall be taken, if the space ground surface is sloping or if there are level differences within this space. | X |
| HasCoverings | IfcRelCoversSpaces @RelatingSpace |
S[0:?] | Reference to IfcCovering by virtue of the objectified relationship IfcRelCoversSpaces. It defines the concept of a space having coverings assigned. Those coverings may represent different flooring, or tiling areas.
NOTE Coverings are often managed by the space, and not by the building element, which they cover. |
X | |
| BoundedBy | IfcRelSpaceBoundary @RelatingSpace |
S[0:?] | Reference to a set of IfcRelSpaceBoundary's that defines the physical or virtual delimitation of that space against physical or virtual boundaries. | X |
Formal Propositions
| Rule | Description |
|---|---|
| CorrectPredefinedType | Either the PredefinedType attribute is unset (e.g. because an IfcSpaceType is associated), or the inherited attribute ObjectType shall be provided, if the PredefinedType is set to USERDEFINED. |
| CorrectTypeAssigned | Either there is no space type object associated, i.e. the IsTypedBy inverse relationship is not provided, or the associated type object has to be of type IfcSpaceType. |
Inherited definitions from supertypes
Entity inheritance
Attribute inheritance
| # | Attribute | Type | Cardinality | Description | C |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IfcRoot | |||||
| 1 | GlobalId | IfcGloballyUniqueId | [1:1] | Assignment of a globally unique identifier within the entire software world. | X |
| 2 | OwnerHistory | IfcOwnerHistory | [0:1] | Assignment of the information about the current ownership of that object, including owning actor, application, local identification and information captured about the recent changes of the object,
NOTE only the last modification in stored - either as addition, deletion or modification. |
X |
| 3 | Name | IfcLabel | [0:1] | Optional name for use by the participating software systems or users. For some subtypes of IfcRoot the insertion of the Name attribute may be required. This would be enforced by a where rule. | X |
| 4 | Description | IfcText | [0:1] | Optional description, provided for exchanging informative comments. | X |
| IfcObjectDefinition | |||||
| HasAssignments | IfcRelAssigns @RelatedObjects |
S[0:?] | Reference to the relationship objects, that assign (by an association relationship) other subtypes of IfcObject to this object instance. Examples are the association to products, processes, controls, resources or groups. | X | |
| Nests | IfcRelNests @RelatedObjects |
S[0:1] | References to the decomposition relationship being a nesting. It determines that this object definition is a part within an ordered whole/part decomposition relationship. An object occurrence or type can only be part of a single decomposition (to allow hierarchical strutures only). | X | |
| IsNestedBy | IfcRelNests @RelatingObject |
S[0:?] | References to the decomposition relationship being a nesting. It determines that this object definition is the whole within an ordered whole/part decomposition relationship. An object or object type can be nested by several other objects (occurrences or types). | X | |
| HasContext | IfcRelDeclares @RelatedDefinitions |
S[0:1] | References to the context providing context information such as project unit or representation context. It should only be asserted for the uppermost non-spatial object. | X | |
| IsDecomposedBy | IfcRelAggregates @RelatingObject |
S[0:?] | References to the decomposition relationship being an aggregation. It determines that this object definition is whole within an unordered whole/part decomposition relationship. An object definitions can be aggregated by several other objects (occurrences or parts). | X | |
| Decomposes | IfcRelAggregates @RelatedObjects |
S[0:1] | References to the decomposition relationship being an aggregation. It determines that this object definition is a part within an unordered whole/part decomposition relationship. An object definitions can only be part of a single decomposition (to allow hierarchical strutures only). | X | |
| HasAssociations | IfcRelAssociates @RelatedObjects |
S[0:?] | Reference to the relationship objects, that associates external references or other resource definitions to the object.. Examples are the association to library, documentation or classification. | X | |
| IfcObject | |||||
| 5 | ObjectType | IfcLabel | [0:1] | The type denotes a particular type that indicates the object further. The use has to be established at the level of instantiable subtypes. In particular it holds the user defined type, if the enumeration of the attribute PredefinedType is set to USERDEFINED. | X |
| IsDeclaredBy | IfcRelDefinesByObject @RelatedObjects |
S[0:1] | Link to the relationship object pointing to the declaring object that provides the object definitions for this object occurrence. The declaring object has to be part of an object type decomposition. The associated IfcObject, or its subtypes, contains the specific information (as part of a type, or style, definition), that is common to all reflected instances of the declaring IfcObject, or its subtypes. | X | |
| Declares | IfcRelDefinesByObject @RelatingObject |
S[0:?] | Link to the relationship object pointing to the reflected object(s) that receives the object definitions. The reflected object has to be part of an object occurrence decomposition. The associated IfcObject, or its subtypes, provides the specific information (as part of a type, or style, definition), that is common to all reflected instances of the declaring IfcObject, or its subtypes. | X | |
| IsTypedBy | IfcRelDefinesByType @RelatedObjects |
S[0:1] | Set of relationships to the object type that provides the type definitions for this object occurrence. The then associated IfcTypeObject, or its subtypes, contains the specific information (or type, or style), that is common to all instances of IfcObject, or its subtypes, referring to the same type. | X | |
| IsDefinedBy | IfcRelDefinesByProperties @RelatedObjects |
S[0:?] | Set of relationships to property set definitions attached to this object. Those statically or dynamically defined properties contain alphanumeric information content that further defines the object. | X | |
| IfcProduct | |||||
| 6 | ObjectPlacement | IfcObjectPlacement | [0:1] | Placement of the product in space, the placement can either be absolute (relative to the world coordinate system), relative (relative to the object placement of another product), or constraint (e.g. relative to grid axes). It is determined by the various subtypes of IfcObjectPlacement, which includes the axis placement information to determine the transformation for the object coordinate system. | X |
| 7 | Representation | IfcProductRepresentation | [0:1] | Reference to the representations of the product, being either a representation (IfcProductRepresentation) or as a special case a shape representations (IfcProductDefinitionShape). The product definition shape provides for multiple geometric representations of the shape property of the object within the same object coordinate system, defined by the object placement. | X |
| ReferencedBy | IfcRelAssignsToProduct @RelatingProduct |
S[0:?] | Reference to the IfcRelAssignsToProduct relationship, by which other products, processes, controls, resources or actors (as subtypes of IfcObjectDefinition) can be related to this product. | X | |
| IfcSpatialElement | |||||
| 8 | LongName | IfcLabel | [0:1] | Long name for a spatial structure element, used for informal purposes. It should be used, if available, in conjunction with the inherited Nameattribute.
NOTE In many scenarios the Name attribute refers to the short name or number of a spacial element, and the LongName refers to the full descriptive name. |
X |
| ContainsElements | IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure @RelatingStructure |
S[0:?] | Set of spatial containment relationships, that holds those elements, which are contained within this element of the project spatial structure.
NOTE The spatial containment relationship, established by IfcRelContainedInSpatialStructure, is required to be an hierarchical relationship, where each element can only be assigned to 0 or 1 spatial structure element. |
X | |
| ServicedBySystems | IfcRelServicesBuildings @RelatedBuildings |
S[0:?] | Set of relationships to systems, that provides a certain service to the spatial element for which it is defined. The relationship is handled by the objectified relationship IfcRelServicesBuildings. | X | |
| ReferencesElements | IfcRelReferencedInSpatialStructure @RelatingStructure |
S[0:?] | Set of spatial reference relationships, that holds those elements, which are referenced, but not contained, within this element of the project spatial structure.
NOTE The spatial reference relationship, established by IfcRelReferencedInSpatialStructure, is not required to be an hierarchical relationship, i.e. each element can be assigned to 0, 1 or many spatial structure elements. EXAMPLE A curtain wall maybe contained in the ground floor, but maybe referenced in all floors, it reaches. ØX |
X | |
| IfcSpatialStructureElement | |||||
| 9 | CompositionType | IfcElementCompositionEnum | [0:1] | Denotes, whether the predefined spatial structure element represents itself, or an aggregate (complex) or a part (part). The interpretation is given separately for each subtype of spatial structure element. If no CompositionType is asserted, the dafault value 'ELEMENT' applies. | X |
| IfcSpace | |||||
| 10 | PredefinedType | IfcSpaceTypeEnum | [0:1] | Predefined generic types for a space that are specified in an enumeration. There might be property sets defined specifically for each predefined type.
NOTE Previous use had been to indicates whether the IfcSpace is an interior space by value INTERNAL, or an exterior space by value EXTERNAL. This use is now deprecated, the property 'IsExternal' at 'Pset_SpaceCommon' should be used instead. |
X |
| 11 | ElevationWithFlooring | IfcLengthMeasure | [0:1] | Level of flooring of this space; the average shall be taken, if the space ground surface is sloping or if there are level differences within this space. | X |
| HasCoverings | IfcRelCoversSpaces @RelatingSpace |
S[0:?] | Reference to IfcCovering by virtue of the objectified relationship IfcRelCoversSpaces. It defines the concept of a space having coverings assigned. Those coverings may represent different flooring, or tiling areas.
NOTE Coverings are often managed by the space, and not by the building element, which they cover. |
X | |
| BoundedBy | IfcRelSpaceBoundary @RelatingSpace |
S[0:?] | Reference to a set of IfcRelSpaceBoundary's that defines the physical or virtual delimitation of that space against physical or virtual boundaries. | X | |
概念用法
空间构成
空间构成概念适用于该实体。
通过使用逆关系IfcSpace.IsDecomposedBy它引用IfcSpace By ifcrelaggergegates.RelatedObjects。如果引用IFCSPACE的另一个实例，则引用的IFCSPACE需要具有不同和较低的组合类型，即元素（如果另一个IFCSPACE具有复杂），或部分（如果另一个IFCSPACE具有元素）。
空间分解
空间分解概念适用于此实体。
通过使用逆关系IfcSpace.Decomposes，它通过ifcrelaggergegates.RelatingObject引用IfcSite | | | IfcBuildingStorey | | IfcSpace。如果引用IFCSPACE的另一实例，所引用的IFCSPACE需要具有不同的和更高的组合类型，即复数（如果另一个IFCSPACE具有元素），或者元素（如果另一个IFCSPACE具有部分）。
空间容器
空间容器概念适用于此实体。
如果存在与IfcSpace直接相关的建筑元素和/或其他元素（如大多数家具和分布元素），则通过使用对象化关系ifcrelcontainedinspace结构将它们与IfcSpace关联。IfcSpace通过其逆关系引用它们：
IfcSpace.ContainsElements——引用ifcRelatedElements引用IfcProduct的任何子类型（其他空间结构元素除外）。
对象的特性集
对象的属性集概念适用于此实体，如表所示。
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
空间边界第一层
空间边界一级概念适用于此实体。
产品就地安置
产品本地布局概念适用于此实体。
IfcSpace的本地位置在其超类型IfcProduct中定义。它由IfcLocalPlacement定义，IfcLocalPlacement定义所有几何表示所引用的局部坐标系。
■如果使用相对放置，则IfcLocalPlacement的PlacementRelTo关系应指向IfcBuildingStorey或IfcSite类型的ifcspatialstructurelement的本地放置。
■如果未使用相对放置，则在世界坐标系中定义绝对放置。
以下约束适用于二维表达：
需要使用IfcBoundedCurve，对于分面空间等高线使用IfcPolyline，对于具有圆弧段的空间等高线使用IfcCompositeCurve。对于具有内边界的空间，使用一组IfcBoundedCurve，这些曲线应分组为IfcGeometricCurveSet。
转弯立体几何
Body SweptSolid几何概念适用于此实体。
以下约束适用于标准表示：
■固体：如果需要ExtrudedAreaSolid，
■剖面图：如果需要IfcarbitriaryClosedProfileDef，则应支持IfcarbitriaryProfileDefWithVoices。
■挤压：挤压方向应该是垂直的，即沿着包含的空间结构元件的坐标系的正Z轴。
图显示了将具有空隙的任意轮廓定义挤压到IfcSpace的扫描区域实体中。
体剪裁几何图形
实体剪裁几何体概念适用于此实体。
以下附加约束适用于高级表示：
■固体：如果需要ExtrudedAreaSolid，
■剖面图：如果需要IfcarbitriaryClosedProfileDef，则应支持IfcarbitriaryProfileDefWithVoices。
■挤压：挤压方向应该是垂直的，即沿着包含的空间结构元件的坐标系的正Z轴。
■布尔结果：应支持第二个操作数为IfcHalfSpaceSolid类型（或其子类型之一）的差异运算。
图显示了将任意轮廓定义拉伸到扫掠区域实体中。实体和半空间实体是IfcSpace的布尔结果的操作数
体Brep几何
Body Brep几何概念适用于此实体。
空间可以用brep几何表示法表示