• Azure SLB + httpd + ILB + HAProxy + Atlas + MySQL


    为了测试一个环境,需要在Azure上搭建高可用的LAMP架构。但要求MySQL的中间件Atlas采用主备的模式。在数据中心一般采用KeepaliveVIP的模式,通过浮动地址对外提供服务。 
    但在云环境中,不能支持浮动地址,也不支持A/S的负载均衡模式。于是考虑采用ILBHAProxy的模式,由ILB模拟VIP地址,HAProxy负责A/S的负载均衡。

    1. 整体框架 
      采用全冗余的架构设计。每层都是双机。主机都是采用CentOS6.5的操作系统。 
    2. MySQL的安装与配置 
      MySQL
      采用主主的配置方式。两台设备上都敲入下面的配置和命令:

      yum install -y mysql-server 
      chekconfig mysqld on;service mysqld start 
      iptables -F 
      setenforce 0 
      service iptables save

      更改root密码: 
      /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password "newpass"

      使用root登陆 
      mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -ppassword

      创建数据库: 
      create database mytable;

      创建用户,两台创建相同的用户: 
      GRANT ALL ON php.* to 'user'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password'; 
      FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

      尝试创建表和插入数据,两台服务器插入不同的内容: 
      use mytable; 
      create table mytest(name varchar(20), phone char(14)); 
      insert into mytest(name, phone) values('wang', 11111111111); 
      select * from mytest;

      配置主-主: 
      配置/etc/my.cnf文件:

    主机一

    主机二

    server-id = 1

    server-id = 2

    log_bin=mysqlbinlog

    log_bin=mysqlbinlog

    log_bin_index=mysqlbinlog-index

    log_bin_index=mysqlbinlog-index

    log_slave_updates=1

    log_slave_updates=1

    relay_log=relay-log

    relay_log=relay-log

    replicate_do_db=test

    replicate_do_db=test

    binlog-do-db = test

    binlog-do-db = test

    binlog-ignore-db=mysql

    binlog-ignore-db=mysql

    log-slave-updates

    log-slave-updates

    sync_binlog=1

    sync_binlog=1

    auto_increment_offset=1

    auto_increment_offset=2

    auto_increment_increment=2

    auto_increment_increment=2

    replicate-ignore-db= mysql

    replicate-ignore-db= mysql

    配置完成后,重新启动mysql: service mysqld restart

    在两台主机中观察: 
    show master status;

    File

    Position

    Binlog_Do_DB

    Binlog_Ignore_DB

    mysqlbinlog.000001

    325

    test

    mysql

    show slave statusG 
    此时Slave_IO_RunningSlave_SQL_Running状态是No的状态: 
    mysql> show slave statusG 
    ***************** 1. row ***************** 
    Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event 
    Master_Host: 172.16.4.5 
    Master_User: slave 
    Master_Port: 3306 
    Connect_Retry: 60 
    Master_Log_File: mysqlbinlog.000001 
    Read_Master_Log_Pos: xxxx 
    Relay_Log_File: relay-log.0000xx 
    Relay_Log_Pos: 253 
    Relay_Master_Log_File: mysqlbinlog.000001 
    Slave_IO_Running: No 
    Slave_SQL_Running: No 
    Replicate_Do_DB: test 
    Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql 
    Replicate_Do_Table: 
    Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
    Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
    Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
    Last_Errno: 0 
    Last_Error: 
    Skip_Counter: 0 
    Exec_Master_Log_Pos: xxxx 
    Relay_Log_Space: xxx 
    Until_Condition: None 
    Until_Log_File: 
    Until_Log_Pos: 0 
    Master_SSL_Allowed: No 
    Master_SSL_CA_File: 
    Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
    Master_SSL_Cert: 
    Master_SSL_Cipher: 
    Master_SSL_Key: 
    Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 
    Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No 
    Last_IO_Errno: 0 
    Last_IO_Error: 
    Last_SQL_Errno: 0 
    Last_SQL_Error: 
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)

    在两台机器上创建复制用户: 
    GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO 'slave'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

    执行下面的命令实现主-主: 
    172.16.4.4
    上执行: 
    stop slave; 
    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.4.5', MASTER_USER='slave', MASTER_PASSWORD="password, MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysqlbinlog.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=325; 
    start slvae;

    172.16.4.5上执行: 
    stop slave; 
    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='172.16.4.4', MASTER_USER='slave', MASTER_PASSWORD='password', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysqlbinlog.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=325; 
    start slave;

    此时show slave statusG中的Slave_IO_RunningSlave_SQL_Running状态是yesyes状态。此时主-主就做成功了。

    3 安装Atlas

    两台安装配置相同: 
    Github上下载Atlas 
    https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases 
    选择相应的版本,我的机器是CentOS6.5,所以我选择Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
    wget https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/2.2.1/Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm

    发现是存放在AWSS3上。

    安装:rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
    修改配置文件: /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf

    #带#号的为非必需的配置项目

    #管理接口的用户名

    admin-username = user

    #管理接口的密码

    admin-password = pwd

    #Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口,可设置多项,用逗号分隔

    proxy-backend-addresses = 172.16.4.4:3306

    #Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口,@后面的数字代表权重,用来作负载均衡,若省略则默认为1,可设置多项,用逗号分隔

    proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 172.16.4.5:3306@1

    #用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码,密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密,下行的user1和user2为示例,将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码!

    pwds = slave:euRQ8nFxoVUtoVZBPiOC6Q==

    #设置Atlas的运行方式,设为true时为守护进程方式,设为false时为前台方式,一般开发调试时设为false,线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。

    daemon = true

    #设置Atlas的运行方式,设为true时Atlas会启动两个进程,一个为monitor,一个为worker,monitor在worker意外退出后会自动将其重启,设为false时只有worker,没有monitor,一般开发调试时设为false,线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。

    keepalive = false

    #工作线程数,对Atlas的性能有很大影响,可根据情况适当设置

    event-threads = 1

    #日志级别,分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别

    log-level = message

    #日志存放的路径

    log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log

    #SQL日志的开关,可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME,OFF代表不记录SQL日志,ON代表记录SQL日志,REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘,默认为OFF

    #sql-log = OFF

    #慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时,则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow(单位:ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志。

    #sql-log-slow = 10

    #实例名称,用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分

    #instance = test

    #Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口

    proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:3306

    #Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口

    admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345

    #分表设置,此例中person为库名,mt为表名,id为分表字段,3为子表数量,可设置多项,以逗号分隔,若不分表则不需要设置该项

    #tables = person.mt.id.3

    #默认字符集,设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句

    #charset = utf8

    #允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP,可以是精确IP,也可以是IP段,以逗号分隔,若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接,否则只允许列表中的IP连接

    #client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1

    #Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP),若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置,否则可以不设置

    #lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1

    需要注意的是,mysql的密码需要经过/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 程序进行加密: ./encrypt password

    制作启动程序: 
    vim /etc/init.d/atlas

    #!/bin/sh

    #

    #atlas: Atlas Daemon

    #

    # chkconfig: - 90 25

    # description: Atlas Daemon

    #

    # Source function library.

    start()

    {

    echo -n $"Starting atlas: "

    /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start

    echo

    }

    stop()

    {

    echo -n $"Shutting down atlas: "

    /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test stop

    echo

    }

    ATLAS="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd"

    [ -f $ATLAS ] || exit 1

    # See how we were called.

    case "$1" in

    start)

    start

    ;;

    stop)

    stop

    ;;

    restart)

    stop

    sleep 3

    start

    ;;

    *)

    echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}"

    exit 1

    esac

    exit 0

    chmod a+x atlas

    chkconfig atlas on; service atlas start

    检查是否已经开始监听端口
    netstat -tunlp 
    看到3306端口已经在listen的状态,说明atlas已经开始工作了。

    4 安装HAProxy 

    两台配置相同: 
    yum install haproxy -y 
    chkconfig haproxy on 
    修改haproxy的配置文件:vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    # Example configuration for a possible web application. See the

    # full configuration options online.

    #

    # http://haproxy.1wt.eu/download/1.4/doc/configuration.txt

    #

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

     

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    # Global settings

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    global

    # to have these messages end up in /var/log/haproxy.log you will

    # need to:

    #

    # 1) configure syslog to accept network log events. This is done

    # by adding the '-r' option to the SYSLOGD_OPTIONS in

    # /etc/sysconfig/syslog

    #

    # 2) configure local2 events to go to the /var/log/haproxy.log

    # file. A line like the following can be added to

    # /etc/sysconfig/syslog

    #

    # local2.* /var/log/haproxy.log

    #

    log 127.0.0.1 local2

     

    chroot /var/lib/haproxy

    pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid

    maxconn 4000

    user haproxy

    group haproxy

    daemon

     

    # turn on stats unix socket

    stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats

     

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    # common defaults that all the 'listen' and 'backend' sections will

    # use if not designated in their block

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    defaults

    mode tcp

    log global

    option dontlognull

    option redispatch

    retries 3

    timeout http-request 10s

    timeout queue 1m

    timeout connect 10s

    timeout client 1m

    timeout server 1m

    timeout http-keep-alive 10s

    timeout check 10s

    maxconn 3000

     

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    # main frontend which proxys to the backends

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    frontend main *:3306

    mode tcp

    default_backend nodes

     

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    # static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    #backend static

    # balance roundrobin

    # server static 127.0.0.1:4331 check

     

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    # round robin balancing between the various backends

    #---------------------------------------------------------------------

    backend nodes

     

    mode tcp

    balance roundrobin

    server app1 172.16.4.4:3306 check

    server app2 172.16.4.5:3306 backup

    最后的backup表明这台服务器是备份状态。

    还可以配置运行状态监控,我在这里没有配置,哪位有兴趣可以自己加上。

    5 AzureILB 
    Azure
    ILB只能采用PowerShell配置。具体的命令是:

    Add-AzureInternalLoadBalancer -InternalLoadBalancerName MyHAILB -SubnetName Subnet-2 -ServiceName atlasha01

    get-AzureVM -ServiceName atlasha01 -Name atlasha01 | Add-AzureEndpoint -Name mysql -LBSetName mysqlha -Protocol tcp -LocalPort 3306 -PublicPort 3306 -ProbePort 3306 -ProbeProtocol tcp -ProbeIntervalInSeconds 10 -InternalLoadBalancerName MyHAILB | Update-AzureVM

    get-AzureVM -ServiceName atlasha01 -Name atlasha02 | Add-AzureEndpoint -Name mysql -LBSetName mysqlha -Protocol tcp -LocalPort 3306 -PublicPort 3306 -ProbePort 3306 -ProbeProtocol tcp -ProbeIntervalInSeconds 10 -InternalLoadBalancerName MyHAILB | Update-AzureVM

    PS C:> Get-AzureInternalLoadBalancer -servicename atlasha01

    InternalLoadBalancerName : MyHAILB 
    ServiceName : atlasha01 
    DeploymentName : atlasha01 
    SubnetName : Subnet-2 
    IPAddress : 172.16.2.6 
    OperationDescription : Get-AzureInternalLoadBalancer 
    OperationId : cd86e37a-776c-4fc8-8e31-7bad6ebc88b7 
    OperationStatus : Succeeded

    已经把两台HAProxy的主机加入到ILB的负载均衡中。

    此时ILB的虚拟浮动地址是172.16.2.6

    6 安装前端的Web服务器 
    我安装的是phpBB3,具体的安装方法请参考我的另外一篇博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/hengwei/p/4754408.html

    需要注意的是,在安装phpBB3的安装过程中,需要输入MySQL提供服务的IP地址,此时需要填写ILB的地址:172.16.2.6

    在一条主机上安装完成后,把网站内容复制到另外一台主机: 
    rsync -a /var/www/html/phpBB3 172.16.1.5:/var/www/html/phpBB3 
    当然要事先建好目录,另外要有root的权限和密码。

    7 AzureSLB 

    在配置Aure的主机时,Web的两台服务器要求配置到一个SLB中,这个在图形化界面里就可以操作了,我就不多描述了。配置好SLB后,需要配置SLB的工作模式,把它调整成source IPhash模式。这样,可以保证同一客户端的请求总是访问同一台Web服务器。

    这个工作需要通过PowerShell实现: 
    Set-AzureLoadBalanceEndpoint -LBSetName httpset -LoadBalancerDistribution sourceIP -ServiceName atlasweb

     

     

    8 添加iptables, 和探测脚本,实现故障自动切换

      主用的MySQL服务器出现故障,MySQL的服务会迁移到备用的服务器上。但当主用的服务器恢复后,HAProxy会把SQL的请求重新发回给主用的服务器。由于主用服务器下线过程中,备用MySQL的数据库会有数据更新,主用MySQL要从备用MySQL上同步数据,要同步后才能对外提供服务。

      所以要在主用服务器启动脚本rc.local中添加iptables,只允许备用服务器访问主用MySQL服务器,并在加载了iptables后再启动mysql服务:

    iptables -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -s 10.1.0.9/32
    iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
    
    sleep 20
    
    service mysqld start

    主用服务器起来后,将与备用服务器同步MySQL的内容。此时,主用服务器需要监控备用服务器的状态,一旦备用服务器出现down机的情况,需要接管MySQL的服务。脚本如下:

    #!/bin/sh  
    #list iptables, result to file fw
    /sbin/iptables -L > fw
    #from file fw, grep key word "10.1.0"
    grep 10.1.0 > fwRus
    #if the fw include 10.1.0, means the fw has contents, the my2 is working, otherwise my1 is working
    if [ `wc -l fwRus |awk '{print $1}'`  = 0 ]
    then
         echo $(TZ=Asia/Shanghai date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S") >> a
         echo "do nothing" >> a
    else
    {
    #fw has content, then to detect the my2's status, up or down
         ping -c 1 my2 > res
         grep ttl res > pingRus
    #if the my2 is up, do nothing, is down, remove fw, let my1 be active
         if [ `wc -l pingRus |awk '{print $1}'`  = 0 ]
         then
             echo "del firewall" >> b
             echo $(TZ=Asia/Shanghai date "+%H-%M-%S-%Y-%m-%d") >> b
             /sbin/iptables -F
         else
            echo "host $ip is online" >> c 
            echo $(TZ=Asia/Shanghai date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S") >> c
         fi
    }
    fi

      在主用MySQL和备用MySQL同步后,需要运维人员手工关闭这条iptables的设置。使前端的服务可以通过ILB+HAProxy访问到主用MySQL。

    根据和客户的交流,采用PING的形式检测第二台MySQL服务器的方式不是特别合理。故又采用检查MySQL间数据同步的状态,作为检测机制。其脚步如下:

    #!/bin/sh  
    
    function mysqlCheck() {
    time1=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S"`
    time2=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
    
    CheckFile="/tmp/MySQL.${time1}"
    
    Flag=0
    
    echo "----------Begin at: " $time2 "------------" > $CheckFile 2>&1
    
    mysql -uroot -pcisco -e "show slave statusG" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
    
    echo "" >> $CheckFile
    
    BM=`grep Seconds_Behind_Master $CheckFile | awk '{print $2}'`
    SIOR=`grep Slave_IO_Running $CheckFile | awk '{print $2}'`
    SSQLR=`grep Slave_SQL_Running $CheckFile | awk '{print $2}'`
    
    [ "$BM" == '0' -a "$SIOR" == 'Yes' -a "$SSQLR" == "Yes" ] && Flag=1 || FLag=0
    
    return $Flag
    }
    #list iptables, result to file fw
    /sbin/iptables -L > fw
    #from file fw, grep key word "10.1.0"
    grep DROP fw > fwRus
    #if the fw include 10.1.0, means the fw has contents, the my2 is working, otherwise my1 is working
    if [ `wc -l fwRus |awk '{print $1}'`  = 0 ]
    then
         echo $(TZ=Asia/Shanghai date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S") >> a
         echo "do nothing" >> a
    else
    {
         mysqlCheck
         if [ $Flag = 1 ]
         then
             echo "add my2 firewall, del my1 firewall" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
             echo $(TZ=Asia/Shanghai date "+%H-%M-%S-%Y-%m-%d") >> $CheckFile 2>&1
             ssh my2 "iptables -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -s 10.1.0.8/32"
             ssh my2 "iptables -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -s 10.1.0.4/32"
             ssh my2 "iptables -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -s 10.1.0.5/32"
             ssh my2 "iptables -A INPUT -j DROP"
             /sbin/iptables -F
             exit
         else
            echo "MySQL is not sync" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
            echo $(TZ=Asia/Shanghai date "+%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S") >> $CheckFile 2>&1
         fi
    }
    fi

    同样,此脚步需要加载到crontab里。

    在第二台MySQL的服务器上,同样要在各种情况下判断,是否需要接管MySQL服务。其脚步为:

    #!/bin/bash
    
    function mysqlCheck() {
    time1=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S"`
    time2=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
    
    CheckFile="/tmp/MySQL.CheckFile"
    Flag=0
    
    echo "----------Begin at: " $time2 "------------" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
    
    echo "" >> $CheckFile
    
    BM=`mysql -uroot -pcisco -hmy1 -e "show slave statusG"|grep Seconds_Behind_Master|awk '{print $2}'`
    SIOR=`mysql -uroot -pcisco -hmy1 -e "show slave statusG"|grep Slave_IO_Running|awk '{print $2}'`
    SSQLR=`mysql -uroot -pcisco -hmy1 -e "show slave statusG"|grep Slave_SQL_Running |awk '{print $2}'`
    
    [ "$BM" == '0' -a "$SIOR" == 'Yes' -a "$SSQLR" == "Yes" ] && Flag=1 || FLag=0
    
    return $Flag
    }
    
    
    function my2sqlCheck() {
    time1=`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M%S"`
    time2=`date +"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"`
    
    CheckFile="/tmp/MySQL.CheckFile"
    Flag=0
    
    echo "----------Begin at: " $time2 "------------" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
    
    echo "" >> $CheckFile
    
    BM=`mysql -uroot -pcisco -e "show slave statusG"|grep Seconds_Behind_Master|awk '{print $2}'`
    SIOR=`mysql -uroot -pcisco -e "show slave statusG"|grep Slave_IO_Running|awk '{print $2}'`
    SSQLR=`mysql -uroot -pcisco -e "show slave statusG"|grep Slave_SQL_Running |awk '{print $2}'`
    
    [ "$BM" == '0' -a "$SIOR" == 'Yes' -a "$SSQLR" == "Yes" ] && my2Flag=1 || my2FLag=0
    
    return $my2Flag
    }
    
    while true
    do
       my1fw=`ssh my1 "iptables -L" | grep DROP| wc -l`
       my2fw=`iptables -L | grep DROP| wc -l`
       mysqlCheck
    
       if [ "$my1fw" = '0' -a "$Flag" = '1' ];then
          if [ "$my2fw" -ge '1'  ];then
             echo "my1 mysql service is ok, my2 fw is on, do nothing" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
          else
             iptables -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -s 10.1.0.8/32
             iptables -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -s 10.1.0.4/32
             iptables -A INPUT -j ACCEPT -s 10.1.0.5/32
             iptables -A INPUT -j DROP
             echo "my1 mysql service is ok, my2 fw is off, add firewall" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
          fi
       else
          if [ "$my2fw" = '0' ];then
             echo "my1 mysql service is not ok, my2 fw is off, my2 provide mysql service, do nothing" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
          else
             LastFlag=`cat /tmp/LastStatus`
             if [ "$LastFlag" = '1' ];then
                iptables -F
                echo "my1 mysql service is not ok, my2 fw is on, delete firewall" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
             else
                echo "my1 mysql service is off, but my2 database not sync, my2 can not provide mysql service now, do nothing" >> $CheckFile 2>&1
             fi
          fi                                                  
       fi
       my2sqlCheck
       echo $my2Flag > /tmp/LastStatus
       sleep 60
    done

    此脚本做成守护进程,每一分钟运行一次。在rc.local中加载。

    以上脚步仅供参考,在实际生产环境中,应该采用挂维护页面,中断数据库操作的情况下进行切换。

    总结: 
    至此,所有的配置工作全部完成。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hengwei/p/4754420.html
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