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ArrayList<String> arrayList = new ArrayList<String>(10); System.out.println(arrayList.size());
大家猜,打印结果会是什么?会是10吗?
答案:0
因为,new ArrayList<String>(10),只是告诉jvm分配10个Stirng的空间出来,arrayList 不是null而已。此时的arrayList 无任何内容!
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为什么说JDK中处理String的indexOf()方法效率低,建议不要使用? 今天探了个究竟。
上源码!
static int indexOf(char[] source, int sourceOffset, int sourceCount, char[] target, int targetOffset, int targetCount, int fromIndex) { if (fromIndex >= sourceCount) { return (targetCount == 0 ? sourceCount : -1); } if (fromIndex < 0) { fromIndex = 0; } if (targetCount == 0) { return fromIndex; } char first = target[targetOffset]; int max = sourceOffset + (sourceCount - targetCount); for (int i = sourceOffset + fromIndex; i <= max; i++) { /* Look for first character. */ if (source[i] != first) { while (++i <= max && source[i] != first); } /* Found first character, now look at the rest of v2 */ if (i <= max) { int j = i + 1; int end = j + targetCount - 1; for (int k = targetOffset + 1; j < end && source[j] == target[k]; j++, k++); if (j == end) { /* Found whole string. */ return i - sourceOffset; } } } return -1; }
真整齐啊!
上来就看到了两个for循环。问题必然出在这里!和KMP算法不同,这明显是简单粗暴的loop index。为什么没采用复杂度为O(m+n)的KMP算法?估计时间问题吧。
以后注意尽量避免indexOf()方法。
顺便窥探了下subString()方法的实现:
上源码!
public String substring(int beginIndex) { if (beginIndex < 0) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex); } int subLen = value.length - beginIndex; if (subLen < 0) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen); } return (beginIndex == 0) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen); } public String(char value[], int offset, int count) { if (offset < 0) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset); } if (count < 0) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count); } // Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1. if (offset > value.length - count) { throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count); } this.value = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset+count); }
怪不得效率较高,原来用到了Arrays.copyOfRange()方法。
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一道非常老的面试题:
从字符串str1中找出子字符串str2出现的次数。比如:
String str1 = "sgiccomcocmcomomameadjcomfjecomcomcomcijr";
String str2 = "com";
自己想到的方法如下:
//暴力匹配 //KMP算法 //subString //split //RegEx(may be the best)
这其中,RegEx(正则匹配)的效率是最高的(个人理解)。而且实现起来也很简单,如下:
String str1 = "sgiccomcocmcomomameadjcomfjecomcomcomcijr"; String str2 = "com"; int times = 0; Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(str2); Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(str1); while (matcher.find()) { times++; System.out.println(matcher.group()); } System.out.println(times);
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7/30
刚刚正在探索KMP算法,然后有经验的同事过来看看究竟。不过扯出了另外一个话题,正则的效率不一定高!用他的话说,java代码需要JVM进行解释,那正则表达式也是需要解释器的(可以这么理解),所以效率很可能会低的。
另外,String类中也存在matches()方法,遂对该方法和Pattern中的matches()进行了对比。
代码如下:
public static void main(String[] args){ String string = "ddenfj#@fe_dw.comw"; int count = 100000; long before = System.currentTimeMillis(); Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime(); long r1 = runtime.totalMemory(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { string.matches("^([\.a-zA-Z0-9_-])+@([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+((\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{2,3}){1,2})$"); } long r2 = runtime.totalMemory(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("the memory of match() in String is = " + (r2-r1)/1024); System.out.println("the time of match() in String is = " + (end-before)); //Pattern Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^([\.a-zA-Z0-9_-])+@([a-zA-Z0-9_-])+((\.[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{2,3}){1,2})$"); before = System.currentTimeMillis(); r1 = runtime.totalMemory(); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { pattern.matcher(string).matches(); } r2 = runtime.totalMemory(); end = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println("the memory of match() in Pattern is = " + (r2-r1)/1024); System.out.println("the time of match() in Pattern is = " + (end-before)); }
在count=100000的情况下,发现结果如下:
the memory of match() in String is = 92416 the time of match() in String is = 327 the memory of match() in Pattern is = 0 the time of match() in Pattern is = 26
结果让我吃惊!String类中的matches()方法相对于Pattern类中的matches()方法,简直不能用!
究其原因:String类中的matches()方法调用了Pattern.matches(regex, this),而该方法的实现如下:
public static boolean matches(String regex, CharSequence input) { Pattern p = Pattern.compile(regex); Matcher m = p.matcher(input); return m.matches(); }
强调部分的重复执行会占用大量内存。
而且该方法的解释中:If a pattern is to be used multiple times, compiling it once and reusing it will be more efficient than invoking this method each time.
总之,String类中的matches()方法不要使用!
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今天同事问了个问题:不同版本的jar包,能同时存在吗?如果能的话,应该加载的哪个?
做了个实验,把poi-3.10-beta2.jar和poi-3.10-FINAL.jar(我把名称改为chris.jar)放在lib文件夹下,编译没错,证明可以共存。
但是使用哪个jar包呢?最新的。怎么区分最新的?根据版本号?
最后证明编译器仍然使用chris.jar下的class文件。
结论:当不同版本的jar包共存时,编译器将根据class的时间以及META-INF下的信息区分哪个jar包是最新的,并加载之。
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