k8s之二进制部署

一、安装环境

角色	服务器地址	组件
master	192.168.174.140	kube-apiserver，kube-controller-manager，kube-scheduler etcd
node	192.168.174.151	kube-proxy，flannel，kubelet，docker，etcd
node	192.168.174.190	kube-proxy，flannel，kubelet，docker，etcd

二、安装步骤

1、安装cfssl工具

　　在其中一台安装即可，用来生成签署各组件的证书。

　　

wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

2、部署etcd集群

生成三个文件：ca-config.json, ca-csr.json, server-csr.json

# cat ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "www": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}


# cat ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd CA",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing"
        }
    ]
}

# cat server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "etcd",
    "hosts": [
    "192.168.174.140",
    "192.168.174.151,
    "192.168.174.190"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing"
        }
    ]
}

　生成证书文件：

cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
# ls *pem
ca-key.pem  ca.pem  server-key.pem  server.pem

　下载etcd：

　　二进制包下载地址：https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/tag/v3.2.12

mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
tar zxvf etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv etcd-v3.2.12-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/

　创建etcd配置文件：

　　这里的配置文件，除了节点名，服务器当前IP不同，其他都相同，在其他节点进行相同的操作。

# cat /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd   
#[Member]
ETCD_NAME="etcd01"
ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.174.140:2380"
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.174.140:2379"

#[Clustering]
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.174.140:2380"
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.174.140:2379"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd01=https://192.168.174.140:2380,etcd02=https://192.168.174.151:2380,etcd03=https://192.168.174.190:2380"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"

以下是各选项的说明：

ETCD_NAME 节点名称
ETCD_DATA_DIR 数据目录
ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS 集群通信监听地址
ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS 客户端访问监听地址
ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS 集群通告地址
ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS 客户端通告地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER 集群节点地址
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN 集群Token
ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE 加入集群的当前状态，new是新集群，existing表示加入已有集群

 　配置etcd启动文件：

[Unit]
Description=Etcd Server
After=network.target
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd
ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd 
--name=${ETCD_NAME} 
--data-dir=${ETCD_DATA_DIR} 
--listen-peer-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS} 
--listen-client-urls=${ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS},http://127.0.0.1:2379 
--advertise-client-urls=${ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS} 
--initial-advertise-peer-urls=${ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS} 
--initial-cluster=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER} 
--initial-cluster-token=${ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN} 
--initial-cluster-state=new 
--cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem 
--key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem 
--peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem 
--peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem 
--trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem 
--peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem
Restart=on-failure
LimitNOFILE=65536

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　把刚才证书移动到ssl目录下：

cp ca*pem server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl

　在3个节点都进行以上部署etcd集群的操作。

　启动etcd集群。

# systemctl start etcd
# systemctl enable etcd

　　集群健康状态检查。

 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl 
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem 
--endpoints="https://192.168.174.140:2379,https://192.168.174.151:2379,https://192.168.174.190:2379" 
cluster-health

　　出现以下输出就说明集群是健康的。

 至此，etcd集群安装成功。

3、在node节点安装docker组件

# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# yum-config-manager 
    --add-repo 
    https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# yum install docker-ce -y
# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://bc437cce.m.daocloud.io
# systemctl start docker
# systemctl enable docker

　4、安装flannel组件　

　Falnnel要用etcd存储自身一个子网信息，所以要保证能成功连接Etcd，写入预定义子网段：

/opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl 
--ca-file=ca.pem --cert-file=server.pem --key-file=server-key.pem 
--endpoints="https://192.168.174.140:2379,https://192.168.174.151:2379,https://192.168.174.190:2379" 
set /coreos.com/network/config  '{ "Network": "172.17.0.0/16", "Backend": {"Type": "vxlan"}}'

　以下操作在所有的node节点上运行：

# wget https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# tar zxvf flannel-v0.9.1-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /usr/bin
# cp flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh /opt/kubernetes/bin/

　flannel配置文件:

　cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld:

FLANNEL_OPTIONS="--etcd-endpoints=https://192.168.174.140:2379,https://192.168.174.151:2379,https://192.168.174.190:2379 -etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem -etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem -etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"

　配置flannel启动文件：

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/flanneld.service
[Unit]
Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
After=network-online.target network.target
Before=docker.service

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/flanneld
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/flanneld --ip-masq $FLANNEL_OPTIONS
ExecStartPost=/opt/kubernetes/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/subnet.env
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　配置docker启动文件，用来指定和flannel同网段：

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 

[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=notify
EnvironmentFile=/run/flannel/subnet.env
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process
Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

　重启服务：

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl start flanneld
# systemctl enable flanneld
# systemctl restart docker

确保docker0与flannel.1在同一网段。 测试不同节点互通，在当前节点访问另一个Node节点docker0 IP，确保能通信。

部署master节点组件

# cat ca-config.json
{
  "signing": {
    "default": {
      "expiry": "87600h"
    },
    "profiles": {
      "kubernetes": {
         "expiry": "87600h",
         "usages": [
            "signing",
            "key encipherment",
            "server auth",
            "client auth"
        ]
      }
    }
  }
}

# cat ca-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "Beijing",
            "ST": "Beijing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

生成CA证书：cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -

配置apiserver证书json文件

ca server-csr.json
{
    "CN": "kubernetes",
    "hosts": [
      "10.0.0.1",
      "127.0.0.1",
      "192.168.174.140","kubernetes",
      "kubernetes.default",
      "kubernetes.default.svc",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
      "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
    ],
    "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
    },
    "names": [
        {
            "C": "CN",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "O": "k8s",
            "OU": "System"
        }
    ]
}

生成apiserver证书：cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server

并把证书复制到/opt/kubernetes/ssl/目录下：

mv *pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/

下载kubernetes组件地址：https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/releases

# mkdir /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
# tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cd kubernetes/server/bin
# cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager kubectl /opt/kubernetes/bin

创建token：

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv
674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

第一列：随机字符串，自己可生成 第二列：用户名 第三列：UID 第四列：用户组

api-server配置文件：

KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true 
--v=4 
--etcd-servers=https://192.168.174.140:2379,https://192.168.174.151:2379,https://192.168.174.190:2379 
--bind-address=192.168.174.140 
--secure-port=6443 
--advertise-address=192.168.174.140 
--allow-privileged=true 
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 
--enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction 
--authorization-mode=RBAC,Node 
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth 
--token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv 
--service-node-port-range=30000-50000 
--tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  
--tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem 
--client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
--service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem 
--etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem 
--etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem 
--etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem"


参数说明：
--logtostderr 启用日志
---v 日志等级
--etcd-servers etcd集群地址
--bind-address 监听地址
--secure-port https安全端口
--advertise-address 集群通告地址
--allow-privileged 启用授权
--service-cluster-ip-range Service虚拟IP地址段
--enable-admission-plugins 准入控制模块
--authorization-mode 认证授权，启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
--enable-bootstrap-token-auth 启用TLS bootstrap功能，后面会讲到
--token-auth-file token文件
--service-node-port-range Service Node类型默认分配端口范围

配置apiserver启动文件：

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes API Server
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver $KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动aip-server服务：

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-apiserver
# systemctl restart kube-apiserver

创建schduler配置文件：

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler 

KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true 
--v=4 
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 
--leader-elect"
参数说明：

--master 连接本地apiserver
--leader-elect 当该组件启动多个时，自动选举（HA）

schduler启动文件：

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler $KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动schduler服务：

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-apiserver
# systemctl restart kube-apiserver

创建kube-controller-manager文件：

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager 
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=true 
--v=4 
--master=127.0.0.1:8080 
--leader-elect=true 
--address=127.0.0.1 
--service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 
--cluster-name=kubernetes 
--cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
--cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  
--root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
--service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem"

创建kube-controller-manage启动文件：

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager $KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动kube-controller-manager服务：

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
# systemctl restart kube-controller-manager

检查集群master组件是否健康：

部署node节点

  将hel用户绑定到系统集群角色

　　注意：这里如果不同节点的话，需要创建不同的用户来管理。

kubectl create clusterrolebinding hel 
  --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper 
  --user=hel

　创建kubeconfig文件：

export KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.174.140:6443"
TOKEN=674c457d4dcf2eefe4920d7dbb6b0ddc

# 设置集群参数，在k8s CA证书的目录下
kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem 
  --embed-certs=true 
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} 
  --kubeconfig=hel.kubeconfig

# 设置客户端认证参数
kubectl config set-credentials hel 
  --token=${TOKEN} 
  --kubeconfig=hel.kubeconfig


# 设置上下文参数
kubectl config set-context default 
  --cluster=kubernetes 
  --user=hel 
  --kubeconfig=hel.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

创建kube-proxy证书：

# cat kube-proxy-csr.json
{
  "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
  "hosts": [],
  "key": {
    "algo": "rsa",
    "size": 2048
  },
  "names": [
    {
      "C": "CN",
      "L": "BeiJing",
      "ST": "BeiJing",
      "O": "k8s",
      "OU": "System"
    }
  ]
}

生成kube-proxy证书：

cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

创建kube-proxy kubeconfig文件:

kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes 
  --certificate-authority=./ca.pem 
  --embed-certs=true 
  --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} 
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy 
  --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem 
  --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem 
  --embed-certs=true 
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config set-context default 
  --cluster=kubernetes 
  --user=kube-proxy 
  --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

将hel.kubeconfig  kube-proxy.kubeconfig这两个文件拷贝到Node节点/opt/kubernetes/cfg目录下

在node节点上：

创建kubelet配置文件：

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=true 
--v=4 
--hostname-override=192.168.174.151 
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
--bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/hel.kubeconfig 
--cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl 
--cluster-dns=10.0.0.2 
--cluster-domain=cluster.local. 
--fail-swap-on=false 
--pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google-containers/pause-amd64:3.0"
参数说明：

--hostname-override 在集群中显示的主机名
--kubeconfig 指定kubeconfig文件位置，会自动生成
--bootstrap-kubeconfig 指定刚才生成的bootstrap.kubeconfig文件
--cert-dir 颁发证书存放位置
--cluster-dns 集群DNS IP，先配置上，后面会讲到
--cluster-domain DNS域
--fail-swap-on=false 禁止使用swap
--pod-infra-container-image 管理Pod网络的镜像

创建kubelet启动文件：

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
After=docker.service
Requires=docker.service

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet $KUBELET_OPTS
Restart=on-failure
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 启动服务：

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kubelet
# systemctl restart kubelet

在Master审批Node加入集群：

启动后还没加入到集群中，需要手动允许该节点才可以。 在Master节点查看请求签名的Node：

# kubectl get csr
# kubectl certificate approve XXXXID
# kubectl get node

部署kube-proxy组件：

创建kube-proxy配置文件：

# cat /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=true 
--v=4 
--hostname-override=192.168.174.151 
--cluster-cidr=10.0.0.0/24 
--kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig"

创建kube-proxy启动文件：

# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service 
[Unit]
Description=Kubernetes Proxy
After=network.target

[Service]
EnvironmentFile=-/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy
ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy $KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
Restart=on-failure

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动服务：

# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl enable kube-proxy
# systemctl restart kube-proxy

OK，至此，k8s二进制安装已完成。

测试是否能正常运行：

查看集群节点状态：

 说明集群创建成功。

三、测试

跑个nginx服务，测试是否能生成pod并正常被访问：

kubectl run nginx-deploy --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=1