1.数字转字符串
str(42) == "42"
2.字符串转数字
int("42") == 42
3.字符转ascii码
ord("a") == 97
4.ascii码转字符
chr(97) = "a"
5.二、八、十六进制转十
int("11",2) == 3
int("77",8) == 63
int("aa",16) == 170
6.十进制转二、八、十六
bin(4) == "0b100"
oct(77) == "0115"
hex(16) == "0x10"