本系列文章由 @YhL_Leo 出品,转载请注明出处。
文章链接: http://blog.csdn.net/yhl_leo/article/details/47660943
本文参考Opencv 2.4.11 documentation整理对YAML和XML文件实现I/O操作的方法。
官网:YAML:http://www.yaml.org XML :http://www.w3c.org/XML
1.YAML与XML文件的打开和关闭
YAML格式的文件拓展名包括:.yml
和 .yaml
,两个都表示YAML文件;
XML格式的文件拓展名为: .xml
。
1.1 文件打开
在Opencv中,使用FileStorage
进行文件读写。XML文件操作与YAML一样,不过存在一些细小差别。
std::string fileName = "E:\test.yml"; // YAML
std::string fileName2 = "E:\test.xml"; // XML
// write file
cv::FileStorage fs(fileName , cv::FileStorage::WRITE);
// read file
cv::FileStorage fs2(fileName , cv::FileStorage::READ);
// or use: cv::FileStorage::open
fs2.open(fileName , cv::FileStorage::READ);
FileStorage
的文件操作模式一共分为四种:READ
,WRITE
,APPEND
,MEMORY
。
文档打开后很关心的一件事就是,进行确认是否成功。FileStorage
有自己的成员函数返回文件打开状态:
// bool FileStorage::isOpened() const;
if ( !fs.isOpened() ) // failed
{
std::cout<<"Save File Failed!"<<std::endl;
return ;
}
else // succeed
{
...
}
1.2 文件关闭
FileStorage
文件关闭比较简单:
fs.release();
2.文件读写
FileStorage
文件读与写的方法与C++语言中的文件流对象的使用很像,对>>
和<<
进行了重载,分别用于文件读取和写入。很棒的是,FileStorage
支持一些常用格式的直接读写,例如字符、字符串、数字、cv::Mat
等。对于不支持的数据结构,只能按照规则自己去写啦~
2.1 写入
fs << "frameCount" << 5; // 字符和数字
cv::Mat_<double> cameraMat = cv::Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 3);
fs << "Camera Intrinsic Matrix" << cameraMat; // cv::Mat
注意:
fs << "frameCount" <<5
中""
内输出的字符串是有限制的,对于YAML有效范围是:[a-z],[A-Z],[0-9],”-“,”_”和空格。XML与YAML基本一致,但是YAML字符之间加空格是允许的,XML不允许。如果出现以下BUG,请不要慌张,检查一下输入的字符是否有效就OK~
2.2 读取
文件读取的方法有两种:
// first method: use (type) operator on FileNode.
int frameCount = (int)fs2["frameCount"];
// second second method: use cv::FileNode::operator >>
int frameCount;
fs2["frameCount"] >> frameCount;
2.3 Mat的操作
这一点真的很不错,而且与C++的输入输出方法很接近(链接:常用的三种Mat
类型):
cv::Mat_<double> cameraMat = cv::Mat_<double>::zeros(3, 3);
cv::Mat_<double> distCoeffes = ( cv::Mat_<double>(5, 1)<< 0.1, 0.01, -0.001, 0.0, 0.0 );
// C++
std::cout<<"Camera Matrix"<<std::endl<<cv::Mat::Mat(cameraMat)<<std::endl;
std::cout<<"Distortion Coefficients"<<std::endl<<cv::Mat::Mat(distCoeffes)<<std::endl;
// cv::FileStorage
fs << "Camera Matrix" << cameraMat;
fs << "Distortion Coefficients"<<distCoeffes;
运行结果对比如下:
C++
YAML
XML
2.4 集合的操作
Opencv中将集合分为两类:映射和序列。
映射集合(Mappings, 又称named collections):每个元素有一个名字或者说关键字,并且可以通过名字访问其数据,类似于Key-Value结构。使用方法为:
// Mappings write
int x(1.0), y(0.0);
fs << "features" << "["; // also can be "[:"
fs <<"{:" << "x" << x << "y" << "}" << "]";
"{"
和"{:"
输出的结果是不一样的,YAML使用":"
后,使输出的文本具有Python的风格,映射集合会按照一行排列,不适用时,按照每个元素与其值单独一行的方法排列。XML使用":"
后输出结果会有不同,但基本可以视为把":"
忽略。
YAML {
YAML {:
XML {
XML {:
// Mappings read
cv::FileNode features = fs2["features"];
// 遍历查看
cv::FileNodeIterator it = features.begin();
std::cout<<
"x="<<(int)(*it)["x"]<<
" y="<<(int)(*it)["y"]<<
" z="<<(int)(*it)["z"]<<std::endl;
输出结果:
- 编程的时候,不在Mapping的
"{ }"
外加上"[ ]"
输出的效果是不一样的,而且在数据读取的时候,加上"[
的Mapping结构会被认为是Mapping结构,否则会出错,以上述的
]"Mappings write
代码为例: 对于fs <<
结构,用上述方法可以读取成功; 对于
"fearures" << "[" << "{" << ... << "}" << "]"fs
结构,用上述方法时就会出错:
<< "features" << "{" << ... << "}"
序列集合(Sequences,又称unnamed collections):数据没有名字名字或者关键字,一般通过序号(indices)访问数据,例如最常见的数组。
与映射类似,序列集合需要在输出开始前加"["
,结束后使用"]"
,并且"[:"
与"["
在输出风格上与映射集合类似。
// Sequences write
int mySeq[5] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
fs << "mySeq" << "[";
for ( int idx=0; idx<5; idx++ )
{
fs << mySeq[idx];
}
fs << "]";
// Sequences read
cv::FileNode mySeq2 = fs2["mySeq"];
std::vector<int> seq;
cv::FileNodeIterator it = mySeq2.begin(), it_end = mySeq2.end();
for ( ; it != it_end; it++ )
{
seq.push_back( (int)( *it ) );
// std::cout<<(int)(*it)<<" "<<std::endl;
}
3.Opencv documentation 源码示例
下面贴出Opencv documentation中的示例代码,可以作为参考:
// file write
#include "opencv2/opencv.hpp"
#include <time.h>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;
int main(int, char** argv)
{
FileStorage fs("test.yml", FileStorage::WRITE);
fs << "frameCount" << 5;
time_t rawtime; time(&rawtime);
fs << "calibrationDate" << asctime(localtime(&rawtime));
Mat cameraMatrix = (Mat_<double>(3,3) << 1000, 0, 320, 0, 1000, 240, 0, 0, 1);
Mat distCoeffs = (Mat_<double>(5,1) << 0.1, 0.01, -0.001, 0, 0);
fs << "cameraMatrix" << cameraMatrix << "distCoeffs" << distCoeffs;
fs << "features" << "[";
for( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ )
{
int x = rand() % 640;
int y = rand() % 480;
uchar lbp = rand() % 256;
fs << "{:" << "x" << x << "y" << y << "lbp" << "[:";
for( int j = 0; j < 8; j++ )
fs << ((lbp >> j) & 1);
fs << "]" << "}";
}
fs << "]";
fs.release();
return 0;
}
// results
%YAML:1.0
frameCount: 5
calibrationDate: "Fri Jun 17 14:09:29 2011
"
cameraMatrix: !!opencv-matrix
rows: 3
cols: 3
dt: d
data: [ 1000., 0., 320., 0., 1000., 240., 0., 0., 1. ]
distCoeffs: !!opencv-matrix
rows: 5
cols: 1
dt: d
data: [ 1.0000000000000001e-01, 1.0000000000000000e-02,
-1.0000000000000000e-03, 0., 0. ]
features:
- { x:167, y:49, lbp:[ 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1 ] }
- { x:298, y:130, lbp:[ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 ] }
- { x:344, y:158, lbp:[ 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ] }
// file read
FileStorage fs2("test.yml", FileStorage::READ);
// first method: use (type) operator on FileNode.
int frameCount = (int)fs2["frameCount"];
std::string date;
// second method: use FileNode::operator >>
fs2["calibrationDate"] >> date;
Mat cameraMatrix2, distCoeffs2;
fs2["cameraMatrix"] >> cameraMatrix2;
fs2["distCoeffs"] >> distCoeffs2;
cout << "frameCount: " << frameCount << endl
<< "calibration date: " << date << endl
<< "camera matrix: " << cameraMatrix2 << endl
<< "distortion coeffs: " << distCoeffs2 << endl;
FileNode features = fs2["features"];
FileNodeIterator it = features.begin(), it_end = features.end();
int idx = 0;
std::vector<uchar> lbpval;
// iterate through a sequence using FileNodeIterator
for( ; it != it_end; ++it, idx++ )
{
cout << "feature #" << idx << ": ";
cout << "x=" << (int)(*it)["x"] << ", y=" << (int)(*it)["y"] << ", lbp: (";
// you can also easily read numerical arrays using FileNode >> std::vector operator.
(*it)["lbp"] >> lbpval;
for( int i = 0; i < (int)lbpval.size(); i++ )
cout << " " << (int)lbpval[i];
cout << ")" << endl;
}
fs.release();