Django 导出csv文件 中文乱码问题

import csv
import codecs
import datetime
from django.db import connection
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.http import HttpResponse
from models import *

def output(request, user_id, node_id, function_id):
    function_id = int(function_id)
    user_id = int(user_id)
    node_id= int(node_id)

    # 指定csv请求回应
    response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')


    user = User.objects.get(id=user_id)
    functions_has_permission = DataPermission.objects.filter(category=node_id)

    # 取出sql语句
    function_obj = DataPermission.objects.get(id=function_id)
    function_obj_sql = function_obj.sql

    # 执行sql语句，并执行。保存执行结果和字段名
    cursor = connection.cursor()
    cursor.execute(function_obj_sql)
    results = cursor.fetchall()

    descriptions = cursor.description
    descriptions_long = len(descriptions)
    description_list = [None] * descriptions_long
    i = 0
    for description in descriptions:
        description_list[i] = description[0]
        i = i + 1

    # 将执行结果从元组形式转化为列表形式。
    i=0
    results_long = len(results)
    results_list = [None] * results_long
    for i in range(results_long):
        results_list[i] = list(results[i])
    # print(results_list)

    # 为文件取名字
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    now = str(now.isoformat())
    name = (now + '.csv').replace(':', '')

    # 声明一个csv的响应
    response['Content-Disposition'] = 'attachment; filename="%s"' % name
    # csv的响应的编码格式声明
    response.write(codecs.BOM_UTF8)
    writer = csv.writer(response)

    # 转码问题
    a = u'中'
    for result in results_list:
        i=0
        for item in result:
            if type(item) == type(a):
                # 如果是unicode类型，那么编码成utf-8
                result[i] = item.encode('utf-8')
            i = i + 1
    # with open(response, 'wb') as f:
    writer.writerow(description_list)
    for result in results_list:
        writer.writerow(result)
        i = i + 1
    response.close()
    return response        

以上代码，导出的文件，中文显示成乱码，如图。

解决方法：将上面代码中的'utf-8' 改成 'gb2312'

result[i] = item.encode('gb2312')

修改之后，导出的csv文件，中文显示正常，如图。

 这样改的原理：

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