2-prometheus各组件安装

prometheus安装和简单配置

tar -xf prometheus-2.2.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv prometheus-2.2.0.linux-amd64 /opt/prometheus
mkdir -p /opt/prometheus/{bin,data,log}
mv /opt/prometheus/prometheus /opt/prometheus/bin/
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin prometheus
chown -R prometheus.prometheus /opt/prometheus

prometheus简单配置
vim /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml
==================================
# my global config
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
evaluation_interval: 15s

#配置alertmanager
#alerting:
# alertmanagers:
# - static_configs:
# - targets:
# - 172.16.0.10:9093

#配置告警规则
rule_files:
# - "/opt/prometheus/test.yml"
# - "second_rules.yml"

#监控主机9090是prometheus服务端，9100prometheus客户端
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'prometheus'
static_configs:
- targets: ['0.0.0.0:9090']
labels:
instance: 'prometheus'
==================================

prometheus systemctl脚本
/etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service
==================================
[Unit]
Description=prometheus service
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
LimitNOFILE=1000000
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/prometheus/run_prometheus.sh
Restart=always
RestartSec=15s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
==================================

prometheus 运行脚本
/opt/prometheus/run_prometheus.sh
==================================
#!/bin/bash
set -e
ulimit -n 1000000

DEPLOY_DIR=/opt/prometheus
cd "${DEPLOY_DIR}" || exit 1

# WARNING: This file was auto-generated. Do not edit!
# All your edit might be overwritten!
exec 1>> /opt/prometheus/log/prometheus.log 2>> /opt/prometheus/log/prometheus.log

exec bin/prometheus
--config.file="/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml"
--web.listen-address=":9090"
--web.external-url="http://192.168.55.33:9090/"
--web.enable-admin-api
--log.level="info"
--storage.tsdb.path="/opt/prometheus/data"
--storage.tsdb.retention="15d"
==================================

chmod a+x /opt/prometheus/run_prometheus.sh

#启动prometheus
systemctl daemon-reload #添加或更改脚本需要执行
systemctl start prometheus
systemctl enable prometheus
netstat -lnp | grep prometheus #查看启动的端口

#重新加载配置文件
kill -1 prometheus_pid

#页面访问
x.x.x.x:9090

启动成功以后我们可以通过Prometheus内置了web界面访问，http://ip:9090 ，如果出现以下界面，说明配置成功

node_exporter安装

tar -xf node_exporter-0.15.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv node_exporter-0.15.0.linux-amd64 /opt/node_exporter
mkdir -p /opt/node_exporter/{bin,log}
mv /opt/node_exporter/node_exporter /opt/node_exporter/bin/
chown -R prometheus.prometheus /opt/node_exporter
#systemctl 脚本
vim /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service
==============================================
[Unit]
Description=node_exporter service
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
LimitNOFILE=1000000
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/node_exporter/run_node_exporter.sh
Restart=always
RestartSec=15s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
===============================================

#运行脚本
/opt/node_exporter/run_node_exporter.sh
================================================
#!/bin/bash
set -e
ulimit -n 1000000

# WARNING: This file was auto-generated. Do not edit!
# All your edit might be overwritten!
DEPLOY_DIR=/opt/node_exporter
cd "${DEPLOY_DIR}" || exit 1

exec 1>> /opt/node_exporter/log/node_exporter.log 2>> /opt/node_exporter/log/node_exporter.log

exec bin/node_exporter --web.listen-address=":9100"
--log.level="info"
================================================
chmod a+x /opt/node_exporter/run_node_exporter.sh

#启动node_exporter
systemctl daemon-reload #添加或更改脚本需要执行
systemctl start node_exporter
systemctl enable node_exporter
netstat -lnp | grep 9100 #查看启动的端口

alertmanager安装

alertmanager安装
tar -xf alertmanager-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv alertmanager-0.14.0.linux-amd64 /opt/alertmanager
mkdir -p /opt/alertmanager/{bin,log,data}
mv /opt/alertmanager/alertmanager /opt/alertmanager/bin/
chown -R prometheus.prometheus /opt/alertmanager

systemctl启动脚本:
cat /etc/systemd/system/alertmanager.service
=============================================
[Unit]
Description=alertmanager service
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
LimitNOFILE=1000000
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/alertmanager/run_alertmanager.sh
Restart=always
RestartSec=15s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
=============================================

run启动脚本
cat /opt/alertmanager/run_alertmanager.sh
=============================================
#!/bin/bash
set -e
ulimit -n 1000000

DEPLOY_DIR=/opt/alertmanager
cd "${DEPLOY_DIR}" || exit 1

# WARNING: This file was auto-generated. Do not edit!
# All your edit might be overwritten!
exec 1>> /opt/alertmanager/log/alertmanager.log 2>> /opt/alertmanager/log/alertmanager.log

exec bin/alertmanager
--config.file="/opt/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml"
--storage.path="/opt/alertmanager/data"
--data.retention=120h
--log.level="info"
--web.listen-address=":9093"
=============================================

chmod a+x /opt/alertmanager/run_alertmanager.sh

cat alertmanager.yml #配置alertmanager文件
=============================================
global:
smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.sina.com:25'
smtp_from: 'xgmxgmxm@sina.com'
smtp_auth_username: 'xgmxgmxm@sina.com'
smtp_auth_password: 'xxxxxxxx'

templates:
- '/opt/alertmanager/template/*.tmpl'

route:
group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster', 'service']
group_wait: 30s
group_interval: 1m
repeat_interval: 2m
receiver: default-receiver

receivers:
- name: 'default-receiver'
email_configs:
- to: 'hanxiaohui@prosysoft.com'
=============================================

#启动alertmanager
systemctl daemon-reload #添加或更改脚本需要执行
systemctl start alertmanager
systemctl enable alertmanager
ps -ef | grep alertmanager #查看启动的进程

邮件告警

alertmanager配置
cat /opt/alertmanager/alert.yml
=============================================
global:
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.sina.com:25'
  smtp_from: 'xgmxgmxm@sina.com'
  smtp_auth_username: 'xgmxgmxm@sina.com'
  smtp_auth_password: 'xxxxxxxx'


templates:
  - '/opt/alertmanager/template/*.tmpl'

route:
  group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster', 'service']
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 1m
  repeat_interval: 2m
  receiver: default-receiver


receivers:
- name: 'default-receiver'
  email_configs:
  - to: 'hanxiaohui@prosysoft.com'
=============================================

prometheus配置
vim /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml
===========================================
# my global config
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s 
  evaluation_interval: 15s 

#配置alertmanager连接
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      - 172.16.0.10:9093

#配置告警规则
rule_files:
  - "/opt/prometheus/test.yml"
  # - "second_rules.yml"

#监控主机9090是prometheus服务端，9100prometheus客户端
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['0.0.0.0:9090']
        labels:
          instance: 'prometheus'
  - job_name: 'node_prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['0.0.0.0:9100']
        labels:
          instance: 'node_prometheus'
===========================================


##规则配置
cat /opt/prometheus/test.yml
=============================================
groups:
- name: test-rule
  rules:
  - alert: NodeMemoryUsage
    expr: (node_memory_MemTotal - (node_memory_MemFree+node_memory_Buffers+node_memory_Cached )) / node_memory_MemTotal * 100 > 80
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: warning 
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High Memory usage detected"
      description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Memory usage is above 80% (current value is: {{ $value }}"
=============================================

微信告警

cat /opt/alertmanager/alert.yml  #内容如下


route:
  group_by: ['alertname']
  receiver: 'wechat'

receivers:
- name: 'wechat'
  wechat_configs:
  - corp_id: 'xxxxxx' #企业微信账号唯一 ID， 可以在我的企业中查看
    to_party: 'x'                 #需要发送的组
    agent_id: 'xxxxxx'           #第三方企业应用的 ID，可以在自己创建的第三方企业应用详情页面查看
    api_secret: 'xxxxxxx' #第三方企业应用的密钥，可以在自己创建的第三方企业应用详情页面查看。

告警分组

[root@prometheus rules]# cat /opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml 
global:
  scrape_interval:     15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.
  evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute. 报警规则间隔

# Alertmanager configuration
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets:
      - 172.16.0.22:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.
rule_files:
  - "/opt/prometheus/rules/node.yml" #中指定规则文件（可使用通配符，如rules/*.yml）
  # - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:
# Here it's Prometheus itself.
scrape_configs:
  # The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.
  - job_name: 'prometheus'

    # metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'
    # scheme defaults to 'http'.

    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']
  - job_name: 'node'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - '172.16.0.20:9100'
        - '172.16.0.21:9100'
        - '172.16.0.22:9100'


=====================================================

[root@prometheus rules]# cat /opt/prometheus/rules/node.yml
groups:
- name: node
  rules:
  - alert: server_status
    expr: up{job="node"} == 0  #job='node' 实现分组
    for: 15s
    labels:
      severity: warning 
      team: node  #分组
    annotations:
      summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} is down"
- name: memUsage
  rules:
  - alert: NodeMemoryUsage
    expr: (node_memory_MemTotal - (node_memory_MemFree+node_memory_Buffers+node_memory_Cached )) / node_memory_MemTotal * 100 > 80
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: warning 
    annotations:
      summary: "{{$labels.instance}}: High Memory usage detected"
      description: "{{$labels.instance}}: Memory usage is above 80% (current value is: {{ $value }}"

#配置文件设置好后，需要让prometheus重新读取，有两种方法：
    通过HTTP API向/-/reload发送POST请求，例：curl -X POST http://localhost:9090/-/reload
    向prometheus进程发送SIGHUP信号.例 ： kill -1 prometheus进程id

=========================================
[root@alert alertmanager]# cat /opt/alertmanager/alert.yml 
#route属性用来设置报警的分发策略，它是一个树状结构，按照深度优先从左向右的顺序进行匹配。
global:
  smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.sina.com:25'
  smtp_from: 'xxxxxxx@sina.com'
  smtp_auth_username: 'xxxxxxx@sina.com'
  smtp_auth_password: 'xxxxxxxxx'
route:
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 1m
  repeat_interval: 1m
  group_by: [alertname]
  receiver: 'wechat'
  routes: 
  - receiver: mail
    match:
      team: node  #rules.yml里相同team的告警 从这里发出

receivers:
- name: 'wechat'
  wechat_configs:
  - corp_id: 'xxxxx'
    to_party: 'xxx'  #'5|1'多组发送
    agent_id: 'xxxxx'
    api_secret: 'xxxxxx'
- name: 'mail'
  email_configs:
  - to: 'xxxxxx@prosysoft.com'
  - to: 'xxxxxx@163.com'

Grafana安装,展示

##依赖
yum install fontconfig freetype* urw-fonts
## 安装依赖grafana运行需要go环境
yum install  go -y
## 安装 grafana
yum install https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/grafana-releases/release/grafana-4.6.1-1.x86_64.rpm -y

安装包信息：
二进制文件： /usr/sbin/grafana-server
init.d 脚本： /etc/init.d/grafana-server
环境变量文件： /etc/sysconfig/grafana-server
配置文件： /etc/grafana/grafana.ini
启动项： grafana-server.service
日志文件：/var/log/grafana/grafana.log
默认配置的sqlite3数据库：/var/lib/grafana/grafana.db


编辑配置文件/etc/grafana/grafana.ini ，修改dashboards.json段落下两个参数的值：
[dashboards.json]
enabled = true
path = /var/lib/grafana/dashboards

安装仪表盘JSON模版:
git clone https://github.com/percona/grafana-dashboards.git
cp -r grafana-dashboards/dashboards /var/lib/grafana/



启动grafana，并设置开机启动：
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start grafana-server
systemctl status grafana-server
systemctl enable grafana-server.service

页面访问:

x.x.x.x:3000 #默认账号密码admin/admin

添加数据源

查看数据

blackbox_exporter安装和配置

blackbox_exporter安装和配置

tar -xf blackbox_exporter-0.12.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv blackbox_exporter-0.12.0.linux-amd64 /opt/blackbox_exporter
mkdir -p /opt/blackbox_exporter/{bin,log}
mv /opt/blackbox_exporter/blackbox_exporter /opt/blackbox_exporter/bin/

#systemd脚本
vim /etc/systemd/system/blackbox_exporter.service
=================================================
[Unit]
Description=blackbox_exporter service
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
LimitNOFILE=1000000
User=root
ExecStart=/opt/blackbox_exporter/run_blackbox_exporter.sh
Restart=always
RestartSec=15s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
=================================================

run脚本
vim /opt/blackbox_exporter/run_blackbox_exporter.sh
=================================================
#!/bin/bash
set -e
ulimit -n 1000000

# WARNING: This file was auto-generated. Do not edit!
#          All your edit might be overwritten!
DEPLOY_DIR=/opt/blackbox_exporter
cd "${DEPLOY_DIR}" || exit 1

exec 1>> /opt/blackbox_exporter/log/blackbox_exporter.log 2>> /opt/blackbox_exporter/log/blackbox_exporter.log

exec bin/blackbox_exporter --web.listen-address=":9115" 
    --log.level="info" 
    --config.file="/opt/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml"
=================================================

chown -R prometheus.prometheus /opt/blackbox_exporter
chmod a+x /opt/blackbox_exporter/run_blackbox_exporter.sh

blackbox.yml配置
vim /opt/blackbox_exporter/blackbox.yml
=================================================
modules:
  http_2xx:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: GET
  http_post_2xx:
    prober: http
    http:
      method: POST
  tcp_connect:
    prober: tcp
  pop3s_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^+OK"
      tls: true
      tls_config:
        insecure_skip_verify: false
  ssh_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - expect: "^SSH-2.0-"
  irc_banner:
    prober: tcp
    tcp:
      query_response:
      - send: "NICK prober"
      - send: "USER prober prober prober :prober"
      - expect: "PING :([^ ]+)"
        send: "PONG ${1}"
      - expect: "^:[^ ]+ 001"
  icmp:
    prober: icmp
    timeout: 5s
    icmp:
      preferred_ip_protocol: "ip4"
=================================================

启动(注意：需要使用root来启动，不然icmp会有ping socket permission denied 的错误)
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start blackbox_exporter
systemctl enable blackbox_exporter
ps -ef | grep blackbox_exporter

结合prometheus
/opt/prometheus/prometheus.yml 配置
======================================================
  - job_name: "blackbox_exporter_http"
    scrape_interval: 30s
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [http_2xx]
    static_configs:
    - targets:
      - 'http://192.168.55.33:9090/metrics'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.55.33:9115

  - job_name: "app_port_tcp"
    scrape_interval: 30s
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [tcp_connect]
    static_configs:
    - targets:
      - '192.168.55.33:9100'
      - '192.168.55.34:9100'
      labels:
        group: 'node'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.55.33:9115

  - job_name: "blackbox_exporter_192.168.55.33_icmp"
    scrape_interval: 6s
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [icmp]
    static_configs:
    - targets:
      - '192.168.55.33'
      - '192.168.55.34'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        regex: (.*)(:80)?
        target_label: __param_target
        replacement: ${1}
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        regex: (.*)
        target_label: ping
        replacement: ${1}
      - source_labels: []
        regex: .*
        target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.55.33:9115
  - job_name: "blackbox_exporter_192.168.55.34_icmp"
    scrape_interval: 6s
    metrics_path: /probe
    params:
      module: [icmp]
    static_configs:
    - targets:
      - '192.168.55.33'
      - '192.168.55.34'
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        regex: (.*)(:80)?
        target_label: __param_target
        replacement: ${1}
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        regex: (.*)
        target_label: ping
        replacement: ${1}
      - source_labels: []
        regex: .*
        target_label: __address__
        replacement: 192.168.55.34:9115
======================================================

rules告警配置
vim /opt/prometheus/rules/blackbox_rules.yml
======================================================
groups:
- name: alert.rules
  rules:
  - alert: node_exporter_is_down
    expr: probe_success{group="node"} == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      env: test-cluster
      level: emergency
      expr: probe_success{group="node"} == 0
    annotations:
      description: 'alert: instance: {{ $labels.instance }} values: {{ $value }}'
      value: '{{ $value }}'
      summary: Syncer server is down
  
  - alert: prometheus_metrics_interface
    expr: probe_success{job="blackbox_exporter_http"} == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      env: puyi-cluster
      level: emergency
      expr: probe_success{job="blackbox_exporter_http"}  == 0
    annotations:
      description: 'alert: instance: {{ $labels.instance }} values: {{ $value }}'
      value: '{{ $value }}'
      summary: prometheus metrics interface is down

  - alert: BLACKER_ping_latency_more_than_1s
    expr: max_over_time(probe_duration_seconds{job=~"blackbox_exporter.*_icmp"}[1m]) > 1
    for: 1m
    labels:
      env: puyi-cluster
      level: warning
      expr: max_over_time(probe_duration_seconds{job=~"blackbox_exporter.*_icmp"}[1m]) > 1
    annotations:
      description: 'alert: instance: {{ $labels.instance }} values: {{ $value }}'
      value: '{{ $value }}'
      summary: blackbox_exporter ping latency more than 1s
======================================================

blackbox_exporter PromQL 语句
=====================================================
probe_success{job="blackbox_exporter_http"}   #http   状态1是正常
max_over_time(probe_duration_seconds{job=~"blackbox_exporter.*_icmp"}[1m])   #icmp 状态1是正常
probe_success{group="node"}   #node  tcp_connect      状态1是正常


=====================================================

pushgateway安装和配置

安装配置
tar -xf pushgateway-0.5.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv pushgateway-0.5.1.linux-amd64 /opt/pushgateway
mkdir -p /opt/pushgateway/{bin,log}
mv /opt/pushgateway/pushgateway /opt/pushgateway/bin/


systemd脚本
vim /etc/systemd/system/pushgateway.service
===========================================
[Unit]
Description=pushgateway service
After=syslog.target network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]
LimitNOFILE=1000000
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/opt/pushgateway/run_pushgateway.sh
Restart=always
RestartSec=15s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
===========================================

run脚本
vim /opt/pushgateway/run_pushgateway.sh
===========================================
#!/bin/bash
set -e
ulimit -n 1000000

DEPLOY_DIR=/opt/pushgateway
cd "${DEPLOY_DIR}" || exit 1

# WARNING: This file was auto-generated. Do not edit!
#          All your edit might be overwritten!
exec 1>> /opt/pushgateway/log/pushgateway.log 2>> /opt/pushgateway/log/pushgateway.log

exec bin/pushgateway 
    --log.level="info" 
    --web.listen-address=":9091"
===========================================


chown -R prometheus.prometheus /opt/pushgateway

chmod a+x /opt/pushgateway/run_pushgateway.sh

启动
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start pushgateway
systemctl enable pushgateway
systemctl status pushgateway

往pushgateway写入数据
echo "some_metric 3.14" | curl --data-binary @- http://192.168.55.33:9091/metrics/job/test
访问192.168.55.33:9091/metrics
可以看到 some_metric{instance="",job="test"} 3.14

注意：使用pushgateway0.5.1版本收集 tidb的数据会报错（has label dimensions inconsistent with previously collected metrics in the same metric family）,用0.4或0.3.1

pushgateway结合prometheus
vim /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml  #添加pushgateway job
====================================
  - job_name: 'pushgateway'
    scrape_interval: 3s
    honor_labels: true # 从而避免收集数据本身的  job  和  instance  被覆盖
    static_configs:
      - targets:
        - '192.168.55.33:9091'
====================================

结合tidb
tidb.toml添加
=================
[status]
metrics-addr = "192.168.55.33:9091" #设为 Push Gateway 的地址
metrics-interval = 15               #为 push 的频率，单位为秒，默认值为 15
report-status = true
=================

结合pd
pd.toml添加
==================
[metric]
address = "192.168.55.33:9091"      #设为 Push Gateway 的地址
interval = "15s"
==================

结合tikv
tikv.toml添加
===================
[metric]
interval = "15s"                    #为 push 的频率，单位为秒，默认值为 15
address = "192.168.55.33:9091"      #设为 Push Gateway 的地址
job = "tikv"
===================

PromQL

Node Exporter 常用查询语句
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#例如，基于2小时的样本数据，来预测主机可用磁盘空间的是否在4个小时候被占满，可以使用如下表达式
predict_linear(node_filesystem_free{fstype="btrfs",instance="192.168.55.33:9100"}[2h], 4 * 3600) < 0

CPU 使用率:
100 - (avg by (instance) (irate(node_cpu{instance="xxx", mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100)

CPU 各 mode 占比率:
avg by (instance, mode) (irate(node_cpu{instance="xxx"}[5m])) * 100

机器平均负载:
node_load1{instance="xxx"} // 1分钟负载
node_load5{instance="xxx"} // 5分钟负载
node_load15{instance="xxx"} // 15分钟负载

内存使用率:
100 - ((node_memory_MemFree{instance="xxx"}+node_memory_Cached{instance="xxx"}+node_memory_Buffers{instance="xxx"})/node_memory_MemTotal) * 100

磁盘使用率:
100 - node_filesystem_free{instance="xxx",fstype!~"rootfs|selinuxfs|autofs|rpc_pipefs|tmpfs|udev|none|devpts|sysfs|debugfs|fuse.*"} / node_filesystem_size{instance="xxx",fstype!~"rootfs|selinuxfs|autofs|rpc_pipefs|tmpfs|udev|none|devpts|sysfs|debugfs|fuse.*"} * 100

网络 IO:
// 上行带宽
sum by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes{instance="xxx",device!~"bond.*?|lo"}[5m])/128)
// 下行带宽
sum by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes{instance="xxx",device!~"bond.*?|lo"}[5m])/128)

网卡出/入包:
// 入包量
sum by (instance) (rate(node_network_receive_bytes{instance="xxx",device!="lo"}[5m]))
// 出包量
sum by (instance) (rate(node_network_transmit_bytes{instance="xxx",device!="lo"}[5m]))

#磁盘io
avg by(instance) (irate(node_cpu{instance="192.168.55.201:9100",mode="iowait"}[5m]))*100

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内置函数:
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rate  (last值-first值)/时间差s  #求每秒增长值
例如: rate(http_requests_total[5m])  == last-first/300

irate: (last - last前一个值 )/时间差s
irate(v range-vector)函数, 输入：范围向量，输出：key: value = 度量指标： (last值-last前一个值)/时间戳差值。它是基于最后两个数据点，自动调整单调性，

increase:   #last - first (增加值)
increase(v range-vector)函数， 输入一个范围向量，返回：key:value = 度量指标：last值-first值，自动调整单调性，如：服务实例重启，则计数器重置。与delta()不同之处在于delta是求差值，而increase返回最后一个减第一个值,可为正为负。
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匹配符
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=
例: http_requests_total{instance="localhost:9090"} 
!=
例: http_requests_total{instance!="localhost:9090"}
=~
例: http_requests_total{environment=~"staging|testing|development",method!="GET"}
!~
例: http_requests_total{method!~"get|post"}
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范围查询
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http_requests_total{}[5m]  #该表达式将会返回查询到的时间序列中最近5分钟的所有样本数据
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时间位移操作
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而如果我们想查询，5分钟前的瞬时样本数据，或昨天一天的区间内的样本数据呢? 这个时候我们就可以使用位移操作，位移操作的关键字为offset
http_requests_total{} offset 5m    #5分钟前的瞬时数据
http_requests_total{}[2m] offset 2m   #2分钟前 2分钟的数据
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时间单位
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除了使用m表示分钟以外，PromQL的时间范围选择器支持其它时间单位：
s - 秒
m - 分钟
h - 小时
d - 天
w - 周
y - 年
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自定义exporter

----------------------------python_client--------------------------------
#Counter实例(只增不减)
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from prometheus_client import start_http_server, Counter
import random
import time

c = Counter('my_failures_total', 'Description of counter',['job','status'])
def my_failures_total(t):

    c.labels(job='test',status='ok').inc(t)  #计数器增加（只增不减）
    time.sleep(10)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_http_server(8000)
    for num in range(1,4):
        my_failures_total(num)

http://xxxxxxx:8000/metrics
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#Gauge实例 (有增有减,有set)
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#g = Gauge('my_g_value', 'g value')   【my_g_value是监控指标 'g value'是描述】
from prometheus_client import start_http_server, Gauge
import random
import time

g = Gauge('my_g_value', 'g value',['job','status'])
def my_g_value(t):
    g.labels(job='test',status='ok').set(t)  #设置g值
    time.sleep(10)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    start_http_server(8000)
    for num in range(1,101):
        my_g_value(num)

http://xxxxxxx:8000/metrics
===================================================================

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/hanxiaohui/p/8921970.html