多行函数:(聚合函数/分组函数)
解释:多条数据进入,单条结果出来(多进单出)
1).max(obj):最大值
2).min(obj):最小值
3).sum(num):求和
4).avg(num):求平均值
5).count(obj):计数
【注意事项】:
1).max()和min()两个函数可以接受任何数据类型的实际参数
2).sum()和avg()两个函数只能接受number类型的数据
3).多行函数/聚合函数/分组函数满足自动忽略空值的特点(在某些情况下,我们不应该忽略空值...)
案例如下:
查询公司薪资最高的、最低的、工资总和以及平均值的信息?
select max(salary),min(salary),sum(salary),avg(salary)
from employees;
参看如下代码并思考:
select max(last_name),max(hire_date),min(last_name),min(hire_date)
from employees;
关于count()的使用:
需求如下:
查询公司有多少员工?
select count(employee_id),count(last_name),count(hire_date) from employees;
select count(1),count(2),count(0),count(107),count('*') from employees;
执行以上代码发现效果都是正确的,我们以后做计数操作的时候,我们都用count('*')来实现;
查看如下代码:
select count(department_id),count(commission_pct) from employees;
执行以上代码发现问题所在,只要是多行函数/聚合函数/分组函数满足自动忽略空值的特点
修改以上代码实现需要的效果:
select count(nvl(department_id,100)),count(nvl(commission_pct,1)) from employees;
思考:avg() = sum() / count()?
答:以上的等式成立
需求如下:
查询公司的平均奖金率?
select avg(commission_pct),sum(commission_pct) / count(commission_pct),
sum(commission_pct) / count(nvl(commission_pct,2)),
sum(commission_pct) / 107,
sum(commission_pct) / count(*)
from employees;
作业:
--1.显示系统时间(注:日期+时间)
select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
--2.查询员工号,姓名,工资,以及工资提高百分之20%后的结果(new salary)
select employee_id,last_name,salary,salary * 1.2 "new salary" from employees;
--3.将员工的姓名按首字母排序,并写出姓名的长度(length)
select last_name,length(last_name) from employees order by last_name;
--4.查询各员工的姓名,并显示出各员工在公司工作的月份数(worked_month)。
select last_name,round(months_between(sysdate,hire_date),0) "worked_month" from employees;
--5.查询员工的姓名,以及在公司工作的月份数(worked_month),并按月份数降序排列
select last_name,round(months_between(sysdate,hire_date),0) "worked_month"
from employees
order by "worked_month" desc;
--方式一:
select last_name || ' earns $' || salary || ' monthly but wants $' || 3 * salary "Dream Salary" from employees;
--方式二:
select last_name || ' earns' || to_char(salary,'$99999') || ' monthly but wants' || to_char(3 * salary,'$99999') "Dream Salary" from employees;
select last_name "Last_name",job_id "Job_id",
decode(job_id,'AD_PRES','A',
'ST_MAN','B',
'IT_PROG','C',
'SA_REP','D',
'E') "Grade"
from employees
where job_id in('AD_PRES','ST_MAN','IT_PROG','SA_REP','ST_CLERK')
order by "Grade" desc;
select last_name "Last_name",job_id "Job_id",
case job_id when 'AD_PRES' then 'A'
when 'ST_MAN' then 'B'
when 'IT_PROG' then 'C'
when 'SA_REP' then 'D'
else 'E' end "Grade"
from employees
where job_id in('AD_PRES','ST_MAN','IT_PROG','SA_REP','ST_CLERK')
order by "Grade" desc;
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