• [BZOJ3625][Codeforces Round #250]小朋友和二叉树 多项式开根+求逆


    https://www.lydsy.com/JudgeOnline/problem.php?id=3625

    愉快地列式子。设(F[i])表示权值为(i) 的子树的方案数,(A[i])(i)在不在集合中。

    [F[n]=sum_{i=0}^n sum_{j=0}^{n-i}F[i]cdot F[j]cdot A[n-i-j] ]

    初始状态(F[0]=1)

    我们把(F,A)看成多项式。

    [F(x)-1=F^2(x)cdot A(x)\ A(x)cdot F^2(x)-F(x)+1=0\ F(x)=frac{1pmsqrt{1-4A(x)}}{2A(x)} ]

    因为(A[0]=0)(F[0]=1),如果取(+)号,末位会不符,舍出。因此只能取(-)

    这样

    [egin{align*} F(x)&=frac{1-sqrt{1-4A(x)}}{2A(x)}\ &=frac{(1-sqrt{1-4A(x)})(1+sqrt{1-4A(x)})}{2A(x)(1+sqrt{1-4A(x)})}\ &=frac{4A(x)}{2A(x)(1+sqrt{1-4A(x)})}\ &=frac{2}{1+sqrt{1-4A(x)}} end{align*} ]

    这样就变成多项式开根+求逆的板子了。


    (刚开始转码风,可能有些地方不太自然,也有可能有些地方仍然保留着就码风没有注意)

    #include<bits/stdc++.h>
    
    #define fec(i, x, y) (int i = head[x], y = g[i].to; i; i = g[i].ne, y = g[i].to)
    #define dbg(...) fprintf(stderr, __VA_ARGS__)
    #define File(x) freopen(#x".in", "r", stdin), freopen(#x".out", "w", stdout)
    #define fi first
    #define se second
    #define pb push_back
    #define isbreak dbg("*")
    
    template<typename A, typename B> inline char SMAX(A &a, const B &b) {return a < b ? a = b , 1 : 0;}
    template<typename A, typename B> inline char SMIN(A &a, const B &b) {return b < a ? a = b , 1 : 0;}
    
    typedef long long ll; typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef std::pair<int, int> pii;
    
    template<typename I>
    inline void read(I &x) {
    	int f = 0, c;
    	while (!isdigit(c = getchar())) c == '-' ? f = 1 : 0;
    	x = c & 15;
    	while (isdigit(c = getchar())) x = (x << 1) + (x << 3) + (c & 15);
    	f ? x = -x : 0;
    }
    
    const int N = 4e5 + 7;
    const int P = 998244353;
    const int G = 3;
    const int Gi = 332748118;
    const int Inv2 = 499122177;
    
    int n, m, x, a[N];
    
    inline void SADD(int &x, int y) {x += y;x >= P ? x -= P : 0;}
    inline int SMOD(int x) {return x >= P ? x - P : x;}
    inline int fpow(int x,int y) {
    	int ans = 1;
    	for (; y; y >>= 1, x = (ll)x * x % P) if (y & 1) ans = (ll)ans * x % P;
    	return ans;
    }
    
    namespace DFT {
    	int A[N], B[N], C[N];
    
    	inline void NTT(int *a, int n, int f) {
    		for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < n; ++i) {
    			if (i > j) std::swap(a[i], a[j]);
    			for (int l = n >> 1; (j ^= l) < l; l >>= 1);
    		}
    		for (int i = 1; i < n; i <<= 1) {
    			int w = fpow(f > 0 ? G : Gi, (P - 1) / (i << 1));
    			for (int j = 0; j < n; j += i << 1)
    				for (int k = 0, e = 1; k < i; ++k, e = (ll)e * w % P){
    					int x = a[j + k], y = (ll)e * a[i + j + k] % P;
    					a[j + k] = SMOD(x + y); a[i + j + k] = SMOD(x + P - y);
    				}
    		}
    		if (f < 0) for (int i = 0, p = fpow(n, P - 2); i < n; ++i) a[i] = (ll)a[i] * p % P;
    	}
    	namespace Inv {
    		int A[N], B[N];
    		inline void GetInv(int *a, int n, int *b) {
    			memset(B, 0, sizeof(B)); B[0] = fpow(a[0], P - 2);
    			for (int deg = 2; deg < (n << 1); deg <<= 1) {
    				int L = deg << 1;
    				for (int i = 0; i < deg; ++i) A[i] = a[i];
    				for (int i = deg; i < L; ++i) A[i] = 0;
    				NTT(A, L, 1); NTT(B, L, 1);
    				for (int i = 0; i < L; ++i) B[i] = (ll)B[i] * (2 + P - (ll)B[i] * A[i] % P) % P;
    				NTT(B, L, -1);
    				for (int i = deg; i < L; ++i) B[i] = 0;
    			}
    			for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) b[i] = B[i];
    		}
    	} using Inv::GetInv;
    
    	inline void GetSqrt(int *a, int n, int *b) {
    		B[0] = 1;
    		for (int deg = 2; deg < (n << 1); deg <<= 1) {
    			int L = deg << 1;
    			for (int i = 0; i < deg; ++i) A[i] = a[i];
    			for (int i = deg; i < L; ++i) A[i] = 0;
    			GetInv(B, deg, C);
    			NTT(A, L, 1); NTT(C, L, 1);
    			for (int i = 0; i < L; ++i) C[i] = (ll)A[i] * C[i] % P;
    			NTT(C, L, -1);
    			for (int i = 0; i < L; ++i) B[i] = (ll)(B[i] + C[i]) * Inv2 % P;
    			for (int i = deg; i < L; ++i) B[i] = 0;
    		}
    		for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) b[i] = B[i];
    	}
    }
    using DFT::GetInv;
    using DFT::GetSqrt;
    
    int main() {
    	#ifdef hzhkk
    	freopen("hkk.in", "r", stdin);
    	#endif
    	read(n), read(m);
    	for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) read(x), a[x] = 1;
    	for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) if (a[i]) a[i] = P - SMOD(SMOD(a[i] << 1) << 1);
    	a[0] = 1;
    	GetSqrt(a, m + 1, a);  SADD(a[0], 1);
    	GetInv(a, m + 1, a);
    	for (int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) printf("%d
    ", SMOD(a[i] << 1));
    }
    
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hankeke/p/BZOJ3625.html
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