1、前言
SSM框架在项目开发中经常使用到，相比于SSH框架，它在仅几年的开发中运用的更加广泛。
- Spring作为一个轻量级的框架，有很多的拓展功能，最主要的我们一般项目使用的就是IOC和AOP。
- SpringMVC是Spring实现的一个Web层，相当于Struts的框架，但是比Struts更加灵活和强大！
- Mybatis是 一个持久层的框架，在使用上相比Hibernate更加灵活，可以控制sql的编写，使用 XML或注解进行相关的配置！
2、框架搭建概述
准备工作：- STS编译器，这个一个集成了spring环境的eclicpse，可以在spring的官网去下载。
- maven创建的Javaweb工程
3、框架搭建
3.1 ssm搭建完成整体架构
3.2 maven依赖注入
这里只注入一些ssm框架需要的基本jar，后需需要更多功能需求的可自行添加。
数据库连接池这里使用的是C3P0连接池
注意：spring和springmvc的版本要一致，mybatis版本要选能与spring兼容的版本，关于版本我在网上也没有找到有效的答案，只能多去试几个版本。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging-api</artifactId>
<version>1.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>taglibs-standard-impl</artifactId>
<version>1.2.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.4.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.0.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>5.0.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
3.2 创建工程的包目录及测试所需类
这一步把mvc模式下所需的包和用来测试的类都写好，有DAO层、model层、service层、controller层，图中Mapper包及对应的DAO层
3.3 配置springmvc
在文件夹下创建springmvc的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 注解包扫描，只扫描controller层下的注解 -->
<context:component-scan
base-package="com.wfq.ssm.controller" />
<!-- 视图解析器 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver"
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 访问路径前缀 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<!-- 访问路径前缀 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
3.4 创建数据库连接信息文件和log4j日志文件
jdbc.properties：
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=root
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring
log4j.properties：
log4j.rootLogger=INFO,Console,File
#u5B9Au4E49u65E5u5FD7u8F93u51FAu76EEu7684u5730u4E3Au63A7u5236u53F0
log4j.appender.Console=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.Console.Target=System.out
#u53EFu4EE5u7075u6D3Bu5730u6307u5B9Au65E5u5FD7u8F93u51FAu683Cu5F0FuFF0Cu4E0Bu9762u4E00u884Cu662Fu6307u5B9Au5177u4F53u7684u683Cu5F0F
log4j.appender.Console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.Console.layout.ConversionPattern=[%c] - %m%n
#u6587u4EF6u5927u5C0Fu5230u8FBEu6307u5B9Au5C3Au5BF8u7684u65F6u5019u4EA7u751Fu4E00u4E2Au65B0u7684u6587u4EF6
log4j.appender.File = org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender
#u6307u5B9Au8F93u51FAu76EEu5F55
log4j.appender.File.File = logs/ssm.log
#u5B9Au4E49u6587u4EF6u6700u5927u5927u5C0F
log4j.appender.File.MaxFileSize = 10MB
# u8F93u51FAu6240u4EE5u65E5u5FD7uFF0Cu5982u679Cu6362u6210DEBUGu8868u793Au8F93u51FADEBUGu4EE5u4E0Au7EA7u522Bu65E5u5FD7
log4j.appender.File.Threshold = ALL
log4j.appender.File.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.File.layout.ConversionPattern =[%p] [%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}][%c]%m%n
3.5 配置spring
创建 applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan
base-package="com.wfq.ssm">
<!-- 不扫描controller包下的注解，这是springmvc的事 -->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
3.6 整合spring和mybatis
这步是要在spring配置文件applicationContext.xml中完成的
3.6.1 创建mapper文件夹
在 classpath 路径下创建mapper文件，这里要存放每个DAO层接口对应的实现mybatis文件
3.6.2 applicationContext.xml中整合mybatis
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd">
<!-- 注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan
base-package="com.wfq.ssm">
<!-- 不扫描controller包下的注解，这是springmvc的事 -->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 导入jdbc.properties -->
<context:property-placeholder
location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<!-- 配置c3p0数据源 -->
<bean id="dataSource"
class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- spring与mybaits整合 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactoryBean"
class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
<!-- 该属性值为存放 mybatis中mapper文件的位置 -->
<property name="mapperLocations"
value="classpath:mapper/*.xml"></property>
</bean>
<!-- mapper文件对应的dao -->
<bean id="mapperScannerConfigurer"
class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 该属性值为mapper文件对应的DAO层包路径 -->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.wfq.ssm.mapper"></property>
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName"
value="sqlSessionFactoryBean"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 开启事务 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!-- 开启事务注解 -->
<tx:annotation-driven
transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
</beans>
3.7 web.xml中注册spring和springmvc前端控制器
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<!-- 启动spring容器 -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 配置springmvc前端控制器 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springDispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
到这里呢ssm框架的搭建就完了，接下来连编码，走一下mvc的完整流程，测试一下ssm是否搭建成功
4、测试
编写程序，从数据库中获取所有用户的信息，在前端页面中展示
4.1 model层
@Component
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private String password;
public User() {
super();
System.out.println("User被实例化");
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", password=" + password + "]";
}
}
4.2 dao层
public interface UserMapper {
public List<User> getAllUser();
}
4.3 service层
@Service("userService")
public class UserService {
@Resource(name="userMapper")
UserMapper userMapper;
public List<User> getAllUser(){
return userMapper.getAllUser();
}
}
4.4 controller层
@Controller
public class UserController {
@Resource(name="userService")
UserService userService;
/*
* 查询所有用户
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/users",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String index(Model model) {
List<User> users = userService.getAllUser();
model.addAttribute("users", users);
return "users";
}
}
4.5 UserMapper.xml中写入sql
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!--<mapper>标签用来使该xml文件与接口对应，'namespace'属性的参数应该是与xml文件相对应的接口的类路径，本例中就是我们第5步所写的'userMapper'接口 -->
<mapper namespace="com.wfq.ssm.mapper.UserMapper">
<select id="getAllUser" resultType="com.wfq.ssm.model.User">
select * from user
</select>
</mapper>
4.6 jsp页面
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="ISO-8859-1">
<title>获取全部用户信息</title>
</head>
<body>
<table border="1" >
<tr>
<th>编号</th>
<th>用户名</th>
<th>密码</th>
</tr>
<c:forEach var="user" items="${requestScope.users }" >
<tr>
<td>${user.id }</td>
<td>${user.username }</td>
<td>${user.password }</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>
4.7测试成功
5、搭建过程中需要注意的问题
- spring与springmvc版本要一致
- mybatis版本要与spring兼容，这个问题我在网上没找到有效的答案，只能通过一个一个去试，有好方法的小伙伴可以在下面留言板知道一下
- mybatis的dao层实现文件mapper尽量要放在资源路径下（classpath），在学mybatis时，mapper是可以放在dao层包下，但是ssm中这种我不懂怎么去配置，有懂的朋友在留言板中知道一下。