navicat可视化界面操作数据库

Navicat软件

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pycharm能够更加方便快捷的帮助你书写python代码
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我们在终端操作MySQL 也没有自动提示也无法保存等等 不方便开发
Navicat内部封装了所有的操作数据库的命令 
用户在使用它的时候只需要鼠标点点即可完成操作 无需书写sql语句

**安装**

可以参考贤妻博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/xuexianqi/p/12797170.html

提示

1 MySQL是不区分大小写的
   验证码忽略大小写
      内部统一转大写或者小写比较即可
         upper
         lower

2 MySQL建议所有的关键字写大写

3 MySQL中的注释 有两种
   --
   #

4 在navicat中如何快速的注释和解注释
   ctrl + ？  加注释
   ctrl + ？  基于上述操作再来一次就是解开注释
   如果你的navicat版本不一致还有可能是
   ctrl + shift + ？解开注释

建库文件

/*
数据导入：
Navicat Premium Data Transfer

Source Server : localhost
Source Server Type : MySQL
Source Server Version : 50624
Source Host : localhost
Source Database : sqlexam

Target Server Type : MySQL
Target Server Version : 50624
File Encoding : utf-8

Date: 10/21/2016 06:46:46 AM
*/

SET NAMES utf8;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `class`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`;
CREATE TABLE `class` (
`cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`caption` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of `class`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('1', '三年二班'), ('2', '三年三班'), ('3', '一年二班'), ('4', '二年九班');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `course`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`;
CREATE TABLE `course` (
`cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`cname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
`teacher_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`cid`),
KEY `fk_course_teacher` (`teacher_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_course_teacher` FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of `course`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('1', '生物', '1'), ('2', '物理', '2'), ('3', '体育', '3'), ('4', '美术', '2');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `score`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`;
CREATE TABLE `score` (
`sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`student_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`course_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`num` int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
KEY `fk_score_student` (`student_id`),
KEY `fk_score_course` (`course_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_score_course` FOREIGN KEY (`course_id`) REFERENCES `course` (`cid`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_score_student` FOREIGN KEY (`student_id`) REFERENCES `student` (`sid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=53 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of `score`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('1', '1', '1', '10'), ('2', '1', '2', '9'), ('5', '1', '4', '66'), ('6', '2', '1', '8'), ('8', '2', '3', '68'), ('9', '2', '4', '99'), ('10', '3', '1', '77'), ('11', '3', '2', '66'), ('12', '3', '3', '87'), ('13', '3', '4', '99'), ('14', '4', '1', '79'), ('15', '4', '2', '11'), ('16', '4', '3', '67'), ('17', '4', '4', '100'), ('18', '5', '1', '79'), ('19', '5', '2', '11'), ('20', '5', '3', '67'), ('21', '5', '4', '100'), ('22', '6', '1', '9'), ('23', '6', '2', '100'), ('24', '6', '3', '67'), ('25', '6', '4', '100'), ('26', '7', '1', '9'), ('27', '7', '2', '100'), ('28', '7', '3', '67'), ('29', '7', '4', '88'), ('30', '8', '1', '9'), ('31', '8', '2', '100'), ('32', '8', '3', '67'), ('33', '8', '4', '88'), ('34', '9', '1', '91'), ('35', '9', '2', '88'), ('36', '9', '3', '67'), ('37', '9', '4', '22'), ('38', '10', '1', '90'), ('39', '10', '2', '77'), ('40', '10', '3', '43'), ('41', '10', '4', '87'), ('42', '11', '1', '90'), ('43', '11', '2', '77'), ('44', '11', '3', '43'), ('45', '11', '4', '87'), ('46', '12', '1', '90'), ('47', '12', '2', '77'), ('48', '12', '3', '43'), ('49', '12', '4', '87'), ('52', '13', '3', '87');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `student`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
`sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
`class_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
`sname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
KEY `fk_class` (`class_id`),
CONSTRAINT `fk_class` FOREIGN KEY (`class_id`) REFERENCES `class` (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=17 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of `student`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', '男', '1', '理解'), ('2', '女', '1', '钢蛋'), ('3', '男', '1', '张三'), ('4', '男', '1', '张一'), ('5', '女', '1', '张二'), ('6', '男', '1', '张四'), ('7', '女', '2', '铁锤'), ('8', '男', '2', '李三'), ('9', '男', '2', '李一'), ('10', '女', '2', '李二'), ('11', '男', '2', '李四'), ('12', '女', '3', '如花'), ('13', '男', '3', '刘三'), ('14', '男', '3', '刘一'), ('15', '女', '3', '刘二'), ('16', '男', '3', '刘四');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for `teacher`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
`tid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`tname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of `teacher`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('1', '张磊老师'), ('2', '李平老师'), ('3', '刘海燕老师'), ('4', '朱云海老师'), ('5', '李杰老师');
COMMIT;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

练习题

-- 1、查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
-- SELECT
--     course.cname,
--     teacher.tname 
-- FROM
--     course
--     INNER JOIN teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid;

-- 4、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩
-- SELECT
--     student.sname,
--     t1.avg_num 
-- FROM
--     student
--     INNER JOIN (
--     SELECT
--        score.student_id,
--        avg( num ) AS avg_num 
--     FROM
--        score
--        INNER JOIN student ON score.student_id = student.sid 
--     GROUP BY
--        score.student_id 
--     HAVING
--        AVG( num ) > 80 
--     ) AS t1 ON student.sid = t1.student_id;


-- 7、 查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名
# 分步操作
# 1 先找到李平老师教授的课程id
# 2 再找所有报了李平老师课程的学生id
# 3 之后去学生表里面取反 就可以获取到没有报李平老师课程的学生姓名
-- SELECT
--     student.sname 
-- FROM
--     student 
-- WHERE
--     sid NOT IN (
--     SELECT DISTINCT
--        score.student_id 
--     FROM
--        score 
--     WHERE
--        score.course_id IN ( SELECT course.cid FROM teacher INNER JOIN course ON teacher.tid = course.teacher_id WHERE teacher.tname = '李平老师' ) 
--     );

-- 8、 查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名
--     (只要选了一门的 选了两门和没有选的都不要)
# 1 先查物理和体育课程的id
# 2 再去获取所有选了物理和体育的学生数据
# 3 按照学生分组 利用聚合函数count筛选出只选了一门的学生id
# 4 依旧id获取学生姓名
-- SELECT
--     student.sname 
-- FROM
--     student 
-- WHERE
--     student.sid IN (
--     SELECT
--        score.student_id 
--     FROM
--        score 
--     WHERE
--        score.course_id IN ( SELECT course.cid FROM course WHERE course.cname IN ( '物理', '体育' ) ) 
--     GROUP BY
--        score.student_id 
--     HAVING
--        COUNT( score.course_id ) = 1 
--     );

-- 9、 查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级
# 1 先筛选出所有分数小于60的数据
# 2 按照学生分组 对数据进行计数获取大于等于2的数据
SELECT
   class.caption,
   student.sname 
FROM
   class
   INNER JOIN student ON class.cid = student.class_id 
WHERE
   student.sid IN (
   SELECT
      score.student_id 
   FROM
      score 
   WHERE
      score.num < 60 GROUP BY score.student_id HAVING COUNT( score.course_id ) >= 2 
   );