• Asp.Net Mvc 路由机制


    先说一下基本的路由规则原则。基本的路由规则是从特殊到一般排列,也就是最特殊(非主流)的规则在最前面,最一般(万金油)的规则排在最后。这是因为匹配路由规则也是照着这个顺序的。如果写反了,那么即便你路由规则写对了那照样坐等404.
     
     
    XD 首先说URL的构造。 其实这个也谈不上构造,只是语法特性吧。

    URL构造

    命名参数规范+匿名对象

    routes.MapRoute(
        name: "Default",
        url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
        defaults: new { controller = "Perpon", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
        //constraints: new { controller=@"^\w+$", id=@"^\d+$" } //约束
        //namespaces: new string[] { "Mvc4.Models" } //控制器命名空间的约束
    );

    构造路由然后添加

      Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}/{id}", new MvcRouteHandler());
      routes.Add(myRoute);

    直接方法重载+匿名对象

      routes.MapRoute(
        "Default1",//name: "Default1",
        "{controller}/{action}/{id}",//url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
        new { controller = "Test", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }//defaults: new { controller = "Perpon", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
      );

    路由规则

     1.默认路由(MVC自带)

    routes.MapRoute(
        "Default",//路由名称,不可重复
        "{controller}/{action}/{id}",//带有参数的 URL
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } //参数默认值 (UrlParameter.Optional-可选的意思) 
    );

    2.静态URL段

    routes.MapRoute(
        "ShopSchema2",
        "Shop/OldAction",
        new { controller = "Home", action = "Index"});
    
    routes.MapRoute(
        "ShopSchema",
        "Shop/{action}",
        new {controller = "Home"}
    );
    
    routes.MapRoute(
        "ShopSchema2",
        "Shop/OldAction.js",
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index"}
    );

     没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。

     比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js,response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。

    3.自定义常规变量URL段

    routes.MapRoute(
        "MyRoute2",
        "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId"}
    );

    这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话,因为第三段(id)没有值,根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId

    这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出

    ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];

    图不贴了,结果是标题显示为DefaultId。 注意要在控制器里面赋值,在视图赋值没法编译的。

    4.再述默认路由

    然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法,这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解,实际参数是用户发来的,我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是,如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话,建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如:

    public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd")
    {
        ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];
        returnView();
    }

    5.可变长度路由。

    routes.MapRoute(
        "MyRoute",
        "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
    );

    在这里id和最后一段都是可变的,所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....

    6.跨命名空间路由

    这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间,开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流,不建议瞎搞。

    routes.MapRoute(
        "MyRoute",
        "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
        new[] {"URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers","UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers"}
    );

    但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的,如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。

    routes.MapRoute(
        "AddContollerRoute",
        "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
        new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"}
    );
    
    routes.MapRoute(
        "MyRoute",
        "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
        new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"}
    );

     这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦,也就不再往下找啦。

    Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers"}); 
    myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;

    7.正则表达式匹配路由

    routes.MapRoute(
        "MyRoute",
        "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
        new{ controller = "^H.*"},
        new[] {"URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"}
    );

    约束多个URL

    routes.MapRoute(
        "MyRoute",
        "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
        new{ controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About$"},
        new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"}
    );

    8.指定请求方法

    routes.MapRoute(
        "MyRoute",
        "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
        new{ controller = "Home", action = "Index", id =    UrlParameter.Optional },
        new{ controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod    = newHttpMethodConstraint("GET")},
        new[]{ "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"}
    );

    9. WebForm支持

    routes.MapPageRoute("","","~/Default.aspx");
    
    routes.MapPageRoute(
        "list",
        "Items/{action}",
        "~/Items/list.aspx",
        false,
        newRouteValueDictionary{{ "action","all" }}
    );
    
    routes.MapPageRoute(
        "show",
        "Show/{action}",
        "~/show.aspx",
        false,
        newRouteValueDictionary{ { "action","all" }}
    );
    
    routes.MapPageRoute(
        "edit",
        "Edit/{id}",
        "~/edit.aspx",
        false,
        new RouteValueDictionary{ { "id","1" }},         
        new RouteValueDictionary{ { "id",@"\d+" }}
    );

    10.MVC5的RouteAttribute

    首先要在路由注册方法那里

    //启用路由特性映射
    routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();

     这样

    [Route("Login")]

    route特性才有效.该特性有好几个重载.还有路由约束啊,顺序啊,路由名之类的.

    其他的还有路由前缀,路由默认值

    [RoutePrefix("reviews")]
    [Route("{action=index}")]
    publicclassReviewsController : Controller
    {
    }

    路由构造

    //eg: /users/5
    [Route("users/{id:int}"]
    public ActionResult GetUserById(int id)
    { }
    
    //eg: users/ken
    [Route("users/{name}"]
    public ActionResult GetUserByName(string name)
    { }

     参数限制

    //eg: /users/5
    
    //but not /users/10000000000 because it is larger than int.MaxValue,
    
    //and not /users/0 because of the min(1) constraint.
    
    [Route("users/{id:int:min(1)}")]
    public ActionResult GetUserById(int id)
    {  }
    ConstraintDescriptionExample
    alpha Matches uppercase or lowercase Latin alphabet characters (a-z, A-Z) {x:alpha}
    bool Matches a Boolean value. {x:bool}
    datetime Matches a DateTime value. {x:datetime}
    decimal Matches a decimal value. {x:decimal}
    double Matches a 64-bit floating-point value. {x:double}
    float Matches a 32-bit floating-point value. {x:float}
    guid Matches a GUID value. {x:guid}
    int Matches a 32-bit integer value. {x:int}
    length Matches a string with the specified length or within a specified range of lengths. {x:length(6)}  {x:length(1,20)}
    long Matches a 64-bit integer value. {x:long}
    max Matches an integer with a maximum value. {x:max(10)}
    maxlength Matches a string with a maximum length. {x:maxlength(10)}
    min Matches an integer with a minimum value. {x:min(10)}
    minlength Matches a string with a minimum length. {x:minlength(10)}
    range Matches an integer within a range of values. {x:range(10,50)}
    regex Matches a regular expression. {x:regex(^\d{3}-\d{3}-\d{4}$)}

    对我来说,这样的好处是分散了路由规则的定义.有人喜欢集中,我个人比较喜欢这种灵活的处理.因为这个action定义好后,我不需要跑到配置那里定义对应的路由规则

    11.访问本地文档

    routes.RouteExistingFiles = true;
    routes.MapRoute(
        "DiskFile",
        "Content/StaticContent.html",
        new{ controller = "Customer", action = "List"}
    );

     浏览网站,以开启 IIS Express,然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点

    <add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0"/>

    把这个节点里的preCondition删除,变成

    <add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" />

     12.直接访问本地资源,绕过了路由系统

    routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");

     文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。

    IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话,后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。

    路由测试代码:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gygtech/p/8693986.html
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