反射是一种能够在运行时动态创建对象、调用对象属性、成员、方法、属性等的特性。通俗的讲,通过反射不需要添加引用DLL,就可以动态的给类的属性赋值,动态的调用里面的方法。我们在VS中给控件的属性赋值就是通过反射来完成的,此外在调用web服务时也可以通过反射去动态的创建代理对象,而不需要添加web引用,还有在开发插件化(多个DLL)的应用程序时,反射是一种很重要的机制。
因此,反射提供了一种更加灵活的方式,让我们根据需要进行动态的编程。这里举几个简单的例子以供参考:
1、动态调用系统自带的类的静态方法
MethodInfo methodInfo = typeof(string).GetMethod("Concat", System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Public | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Static, null, new Type[] { typeof(string), typeof(string) }, null); object result = methodInfo.Invoke(null, new string[] { "Hello ", "Reflection" }); Console.WriteLine(result.ToString());
2、动态调用系统自带的类的实例方法
string str = "Hello World"; object result = typeof(string).InvokeMember("Contains", BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, str, new object[] { "World" }); Console.WriteLine(result.ToString());
3、动态调用类库项目中的静态方法
namespace 类库项目 { public class Calculator { public static double Add(double a, double b) { return a + b; } public static double Sub(double a, double b) { return a - b; } public static double Mutiply(double a, double b) { return a * b; } public static double Divide(double a, double b) { return a / b; } } }
反射调用:
object obj = Assembly.LoadFrom(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "类库项目.dll").CreateInstance("类库项目.Calculator"); object addResult = obj.GetType().InvokeMember("Add", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, obj, new object[] { 1, 2 }); object subResult = obj.GetType().InvokeMember("Sub", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, obj, new object[] { 1, 2 }); object mutiplyResult = obj.GetType().InvokeMember("Mutiply", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, obj, new object[] { 1, 2 }); object divideResult = obj.GetType().InvokeMember("Divide", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static | BindingFlags.InvokeMethod, null, obj, new object[] { 1, 2 }); Console.WriteLine("add:{0} sub:{1} mutiply:{2} divide:{3}", addResult.ToString(), subResult.ToString(), mutiplyResult.ToString(), divideResult.ToString());
4、动态调用类库项目中的实例方法
namespace 类库项目 { public class Test { private int x; private string y; /// <summary> /// 属性X /// </summary> public int X { get { return x; } set { x = value; } } /// <summary> /// 属性Y /// </summary> public string Y { get { return y; } set { y = value; } } /// <summary> /// 默认无参构造函数 /// </summary> public Test() { } /// <summary> /// 带两个参数的构造函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="x"></param> /// <param name="y"></param> public Test(int x, string y) { this.X = x; this.Y = y; } /// <summary> /// 方法的重载1(无参) /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public string Show() { return string.Format("这是Test里的Show方法,参数x为{0},y为{1}", X, Y); } /// <summary> /// 方法的重载2(带两个参数) /// </summary> /// <param name="x"></param> /// <param name="y"></param> /// <returns></returns> public string Show(int x, string y) { return string.Format("这是Test里的Show方法,参数x为{0},y为{1}", x, y); } /// <summary> /// 重写ToString方法 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public override string ToString() { return string.Format("x的值为{0},y的值为{1}", x, y); } } }
反射调用:
object obj2 = Assembly.LoadFrom(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "类库项目.dll").CreateInstance("类库项目.Test"); //获取构造函数 ConstructorInfo constructorInfo = obj2.GetType().GetConstructor(new Type[] { typeof(int), typeof(string) }); //通过构造函数创建类的实例 object constructor = constructorInfo.Invoke(new object[] { 1, "guwei4037" }); //调用实例的ToString方法 Console.WriteLine(constructor.ToString()); //获取带两个参数的Show方法对象 MethodInfo methodInfo1 = obj2.GetType().GetMethod("Show", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new Type[] { typeof(int), typeof(string) }, null); //返回带两个参数的Show方法的返回值 Console.WriteLine(methodInfo1.Invoke(constructor, new object[] { 1, "guwei4037" }).ToString()); //获取无参的Show方法 MethodInfo methodInfo2 = obj2.GetType().GetMethod("Show", BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance, null, System.Type.EmptyTypes, null); //动态设置属性的值 PropertyInfo[] propertyInfos = obj2.GetType().GetProperties(); foreach (PropertyInfo propertyInfo in propertyInfos) { if (propertyInfo.Name.Equals("X")) propertyInfo.SetValue(constructor, 2, null); if (propertyInfo.Name.Equals("Y")) propertyInfo.SetValue(constructor, "guwei4037_new", null); } //返回无参的Show方法的返回值 Console.WriteLine(methodInfo2.Invoke(constructor, null).ToString());