7、'bytearray', 返回一个新字节数组。这个数组里的元素是可变的，并且每个元素的值范围: 0 <= x < 256。
class bytearray(object) | bytearray(iterable_of_ints) -> bytearray
# 元素必须为[0 ,255] 中的整数 | bytearray(string, encoding[, errors]) -> bytearray
# 按照指定的 encoding 将字符串转换为字节序列 | bytearray(bytes_or_buffer) -> mutable copy of bytes_or_buffer
# 字节流 | bytearray(int) -> bytes array of size given by the parameter initialized with null bytes
# 返回一个长度为 source 的初始化数组 | bytearray() -> empty bytes array
# 默认就是初始化数组为0个元素 | | Construct a mutable bytearray object from: | - an iterable yielding integers in range(256) # bytearray([1, 2, 3]) | - a text string encoded using the specified encoding # bytearray('你妈嗨', encoding='utf-8') | - a bytes or a buffer object # bytearray('你妈嗨'.encode('utf-8')) | - any object implementing the buffer API. # | - an integer # bytearray(10) | | Methods defined here: | | __add__(self, value, /) | Return self+value. | | __alloc__(...) | B.__alloc__() -> int | | Return the number of bytes actually allocated. | | __contains__(self, key, /) | Return key in self. | | __delitem__(self, key, /) | Delete self[key]. | | __eq__(self, value, /) | Return self==value. | | __ge__(self, value, /) | Return self>=value. | | __getattribute__(self, name, /) | Return getattr(self, name). | | __getitem__(self, key, /) | Return self[key]. | | __gt__(self, value, /) | Return self>value. | | __iadd__(self, value, /) | Implement self+=value. | | __imul__(self, value, /) | Implement self*=value. | | __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs) | Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature. | | __iter__(self, /) | Implement iter(self). | | __le__(self, value, /) | Return self<=value. | | __len__(self, /) | Return len(self). | | __lt__(self, value, /) | Return self<value. | | __mod__(self, value, /) | Return self%value. | | __mul__(self, value, /) | Return self*value.n | | __ne__(self, value, /) | Return self!=value. | | __new__(*args, **kwargs) from builtins.type | Create and return a new object. See help(type) for accurate signature. | | __reduce__(self, /) | Return state information for pickling. | | __reduce_ex__(self, proto=0, /) | Return state information for pickling. | | __repr__(self, /) | Return repr(self). | | __rmod__(self, value, /) | Return value%self. | | __rmul__(self, value, /) | Return self*value. | | __setitem__(self, key, value, /) | Set self[key] to value. | | __sizeof__(self, /) | Returns the size of the bytearray object in memory, in bytes. | | __str__(self, /) | Return str(self). | | append(self, item, /) | Append a single item to the end of the bytearray. | | item | The item to be appended. | | capitalize(...) | B.capitalize() -> copy of B | | Return a copy of B with only its first character capitalized (ASCII) | and the rest lower-cased. | | center(...) | B.center(width[, fillchar]) -> copy of B | | Return B centered in a string of length width. Padding is | done using the specified fill character (default is a space). | | clear(self, /) | Remove all items from the bytearray. | | copy(self, /) | Return a copy of B. | | count(...) | B.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int | | Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of subsection sub in | bytes B[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted | as in slice notation. | | decode(self, /, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') | Decode the bytearray using the codec registered for encoding. | | encoding | The encoding with which to decode the bytearray. | errors | The error handling scheme to use for the handling of decoding errors. | The default is 'strict' meaning that decoding errors raise a | UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace' | as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that | can handle UnicodeDecodeErrors. | | endswith(...) | B.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool | | Return True if B ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. | With optional start, test B beginning at that position. | With optional end, stop comparing B at that position. | suffix can also be a tuple of bytes to try. | | expandtabs(...) | B.expandtabs(tabsize=8) -> copy of B | | Return a copy of B where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. | If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. | | extend(self, iterable_of_ints, /) | Append all the items from the iterator or sequence to the end of the bytearray. | | iterable_of_ints | The iterable of items to append. | | find(...) | B.find(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int | | Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found, | such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional | arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. | | Return -1 on failure. | | fromhex(string, /) from builtins.type | Create a bytearray object from a string of hexadecimal numbers. | | Spaces between two numbers are accepted. | Example: bytearray.fromhex('B9 01EF') -> bytearray(b'\xb9\x01\xef') | | hex(...) | B.hex() -> string | | Create a string of hexadecimal numbers from a bytearray object. | Example: bytearray([0xb9, 0x01, 0xef]).hex() -> 'b901ef'. | | index(...) | B.index(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int | | Return the lowest index in B where subsection sub is found, | such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional | arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. | | Raises ValueError when the subsection is not found. | | insert(self, index, item, /) | Insert a single item into the bytearray before the given index. | | index | The index where the value is to be inserted. | item | The item to be inserted. | | isalnum(...) | B.isalnum() -> bool | | Return True if all characters in B are alphanumeric | and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise. | | isalpha(...) | B.isalpha() -> bool | | Return True if all characters in B are alphabetic | and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise. | | isdigit(...) | B.isdigit() -> bool | | Return True if all characters in B are digits | and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise. | | islower(...) | B.islower() -> bool | | Return True if all cased characters in B are lowercase and there is | at least one cased character in B, False otherwise. | | isspace(...) | B.isspace() -> bool | | Return True if all characters in B are whitespace | and there is at least one character in B, False otherwise. | | istitle(...) | B.istitle() -> bool | | Return True if B is a titlecased string and there is at least one | character in B, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased | characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False | otherwise. | | isupper(...) | B.isupper() -> bool | | Return True if all cased characters in B are uppercase and there is | at least one cased character in B, False otherwise. | | join(self, iterable_of_bytes, /) | Concatenate any number of bytes/bytearray objects. | | The bytearray whose method is called is inserted in between each pair. | | The result is returned as a new bytearray object. | | ljust(...) | B.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> copy of B | | Return B left justified in a string of length width. Padding is | done using the specified fill character (default is a space). | | lower(...) | B.lower() -> copy of B | | Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to lowercase. | | lstrip(self, bytes=None, /) | Strip leading bytes contained in the argument. | | If the argument is omitted or None, strip leading ASCII whitespace. | | partition(self, sep, /) | Partition the bytearray into three parts using the given separator. | | This will search for the separator sep in the bytearray. If the separator is | found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the | separator itself, and the part after it. | | If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing the original | bytearray object and two empty bytearray objects. | | pop(self, index=-1, /) | Remove and return a single item from B. | | index | The index from where to remove the item. | -1 (the default value) means remove the last item. | | If no index argument is given, will pop the last item. | | remove(self, value, /) | Remove the first occurrence of a value in the bytearray. | | value | The value to remove. | | replace(self, old, new, count=-1, /) | Return a copy with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. | | count | Maximum number of occurrences to replace. | -1 (the default value) means replace all occurrences. | | If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are | replaced. | | reverse(self, /) | Reverse the order of the values in B in place. | | rfind(...) | B.rfind(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int | | Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found, | such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional | arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. | | Return -1 on failure. | | rindex(...) | B.rindex(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int | | Return the highest index in B where subsection sub is found, | such that sub is contained within B[start,end]. Optional | arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. | | Raise ValueError when the subsection is not found. | | rjust(...) | B.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> copy of B | | Return B right justified in a string of length width. Padding is | done using the specified fill character (default is a space) | | rpartition(self, sep, /) | Partition the bytes into three parts using the given separator. | | This will search for the separator sep in the bytearray, starting and the end. | If the separator is found, returns a 3-tuple containing the part before the | separator, the separator itself, and the part after it. | | If the separator is not found, returns a 3-tuple containing two empty bytearray | objects and the original bytearray object. | | rsplit(self, /, sep=None, maxsplit=-1) | Return a list of the sections in the bytearray, using sep as the delimiter. | | sep | The delimiter according which to split the bytearray. | None (the default value) means split on ASCII whitespace characters | (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab). | maxsplit | Maximum number of splits to do. | -1 (the default value) means no limit. | | Splitting is done starting at the end of the bytearray and working to the front. | | rstrip(self, bytes=None, /) | Strip trailing bytes contained in the argument. | | If the argument is omitted or None, strip trailing ASCII whitespace. | | split(self, /, sep=None, maxsplit=-1) | Return a list of the sections in the bytearray, using sep as the delimiter. | | sep | The delimiter according which to split the bytearray. | None (the default value) means split on ASCII whitespace characters | (space, tab, return, newline, formfeed, vertical tab). | maxsplit | Maximum number of splits to do. | -1 (the default value) means no limit. | | splitlines(self, /, keepends=False) | Return a list of the lines in the bytearray, breaking at line boundaries. | | Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and | true. | | startswith(...) | B.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool | | Return True if B starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. | With optional start, test B beginning at that position. | With optional end, stop comparing B at that position. | prefix can also be a tuple of bytes to try. | | strip(self, bytes=None, /) | Strip leading and trailing bytes contained in the argument. | | If the argument is omitted or None, strip leading and trailing ASCII whitespace. | | swapcase(...) | B.swapcase() -> copy of B | | Return a copy of B with uppercase ASCII characters converted | to lowercase ASCII and vice versa. | | title(...) | B.title() -> copy of B | | Return a titlecased version of B, i.e. ASCII words start with uppercase | characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase. | | translate(self, table, /, delete=b'') | Return a copy with each character mapped by the given translation table. | | table | Translation table, which must be a bytes object of length 256. | | All characters occurring in the optional argument delete are removed. | The remaining characters are mapped through the given translation table. | | upper(...) | B.upper() -> copy of B | | Return a copy of B with all ASCII characters converted to uppercase. | | zfill(...) | B.zfill(width) -> copy of B | | Pad a numeric string B with zeros on the left, to fill a field | of the specified width. B is never truncated. | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Static methods defined here: | | maketrans(frm, to, /) | Return a translation table useable for the bytes or bytearray translate method. | | The returned table will be one where each byte in frm is mapped to the byte at | the same position in to. | | The bytes objects frm and to must be of the same length. | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | Data and other attributes defined here: | | __hash__ = None