本段代码可实现OLS法的线性回归分析,并可对回归系数做出分析
1.代码
%%OLS法下的线性回归 function prodict = Linear_Regression(X,Y) x = sym('x'); n = max(size(X)); %%定义画图窗格属性 h = figure; set(h,'color','w'); %%回归相关值 XX_s_m = (X-Expection(X,1))*(X-Expection(X,1))'; XY_s_m = (X-Expection(X,1))*(Y-Expection(Y,1))'; YY_s_m = (Y-Expection(Y,1))*(Y-Expection(Y,1))'; %%回归系数 beta = XY_s_m/XX_s_m; alpha = Expection(Y,1)-beta*Expection(X,1); %%画出实际值与回归值的差 yyaxis left for k = 1:n delta_Y(k) = Y(k) - (alpha+beta*X(k)); end width = (max(X)-min(X))/(2*n); b = bar(X,delta_Y,width,'Facecolor',[0.9 0.9 0.9]); set(b,'Edgecolor','none'); %标出差值 disp('是否标出差值?'); str = input('yes or no?','s'); Y_dis = (max(Y) - min(Y))/40; if strcmp(str,'yes') == 1 if n<=10 for k = 1:length(delta_Y) if delta_Y(k)>=0 text(X(k),delta_Y(k)+Y_dis,strcat(num2str(delta_Y(k),'%.3f')),... 'VerticalAlignment','middle','HorizontalAlignment','center'); else text(X(k),delta_Y(k)-Y_dis,strcat(num2str(delta_Y(k),'%.3f')),... 'VerticalAlignment','middle','HorizontalAlignment','center'); end end end end xlabel('X');ylabel('差值'); hold on %%画出数据点 yyaxis right plot(X,Y,'g--*') if n<=20 grid on; end hold on ylabel('Y'); %%相关系数 R2 = (XY_s_m)^2/(XX_s_m*YY_s_m); %%随机项方差无偏估计 sigma_2 = (Y*Y'-n*Expection(Y,1)^2-beta*(X*Y'-n*Expection(X,1)*Expection(Y,1)))/(n-2); %%beta和alpha的方差 Var_beta = sigma_2/(X*X'-n*Expection(X,1)^2); Var_alpha = sigma_2*(X*X')/(n*(X*X'-n*Expection(X,1)^2)); %%beta和alpha的协方差 cov_alpha_beta = -Expection(X,1)*sigma_2/(X*X'-n*Expection(X,1)^2); %%画出回归直线 x_v = min(X)-Expection(X,1)/sqrt(n):(max(X)-min(X))/100:max(X)+Expection(X,1)/sqrt(n); y_v = beta*x_v+alpha; y_ave = ones(1,max(size(x_v)))*Expection(Y,1); plot(x_v,y_v,'r',x_v,y_ave,'k','LineWidth',0.2,'LineStyle','-') %%标出数据点 disp('是否标出数据点?'); str = input('yes or no?','s'); if strcmp(str,'yes') == 1 if n <=10 for k = 1:max(size(X)) text(X(k),Y(k),['(',num2str(X(k)),',',num2str(Y(k)),')'],... 'color','b','VerticalAlignment','middle','HorizontalAlignment','center');hold on; end end end disp('是否输出回归方程的置信区间?'); str = input('yes or no?','s'); if strcmp(str,'yes') == 1 str = input('单侧置信系数 或者 双侧置信系数?','s'); if strcmp(str(1),'单') == 1 ALPHA = input('输入单侧置信系数:'); a = 1-ALPHA*2; elseif strcmp(str(1),'双') == 1 ALPHA = input('输入双侧置信系数:'); a = 1-ALPHA; end disp('t(n-2)为:'); t_value = nctinv(a,n-2,0) addvalue = t_value*sqrt(sigma_2)*sqrt(1+1/n+(x-Expection(X,1))^2/(X*X'-n*Expection(X,1)^2)); disp('置信区间上限的方程为:'); vpa(alpha+beta*x+addvalue,4) disp('置信区间下限的方程为:'); vpa(alpha+beta*x-addvalue,4) y_ub = subs(alpha+beta*x+addvalue,x_v); y_lb = subs(alpha+beta*x-addvalue,x_v); plot(x_v,y_ub,'--',x_v,y_lb,'-.','color',[0.2 0.5 0.8]); title('OLS法对数据的线性回归'); legend('差值','Y:实际值','y:拟合直线','平均值','置信上限','置信下限'); hold off yyaxis left text(min(X)-Expection(X,1)/sqrt(n),max(delta_Y)-Expection(delta_Y,1)/sqrt(n),['置信程度',num2str(100*a),'%'],'color',[0.3 0.3 0.3]); hold off else legend('差值','Y:实际值','y:拟合直线','平均值'); title('OLS法对数据的线性回归'); hold off end disp('是否输出回归系数的置信区间?'); str = input('yes or no?','s'); if strcmp(str,'yes') == 1 str = input('单侧置信系数 或者 双侧置信系数?','s'); if strcmp(str(1),'单') == 1 ALPHA = input('输入单侧置信系数:'); a = 1-ALPHA*2; elseif strcmp(str(1),'双') == 1 ALPHA = input('输入双侧置信系数:'); a = 1-ALPHA; end disp('t(n-2)为:'); t_value = nctinv(a,n-2,0) disp('回归系数beta的置信区间为:'); [beta-t_value*sqrt(Var_beta),beta+t_value*sqrt(Var_beta)] disp('回归系数alpha的置信区间为:'); [Expection(Y,1)-(beta+t_value*sqrt(Var_beta))*Expection(X,1),... Expection(Y,1)-(beta-t_value*sqrt(Var_beta))*Expection(X,1)] end %%预测值输出 disp('是否需要求预测值?'); str = input('yes or no?','s'); if strcmp(str,'yes') == 1 X0 = input('输入预测向量:'); str = input('单侧置信系数 或者 双侧置信系数?','s'); if strcmp(str(1),'单') == 1 ALPHA = input('输入单侧置信系数:'); a = 1-ALPHA*2; elseif strcmp(str(1),'双') == 1 ALPHA = input('输入双侧置信系数:'); a = 1-ALPHA; end disp('t(n-2)为:'); t_value = nctinv(a,n-2,0) addvalue0 = t_value*sqrt(sigma_2).*sqrt(1+1/n+(X0-Expection(X,1)).^2/(X*X'-n*Expection(X,1)^2)); Y0 = alpha+beta*X0; prodict{1,1} = {'预测点x'}; prodict{2,1} = {'预测值y'}; prodict{3,1} = {'置信区间'}; for k = 2:max(size(X0))+1 interval(k-1,:) = [Y0(k-1)-addvalue0(k-1),Y0(k-1)+addvalue0(k-1)]; prodict{1,k} = X0(k-1); prodict{2,k} = Y0(k-1); prodict{3,k} = interval(k-1,:); Y0_lb(k-1) = Y0(k-1)-addvalue0(k-1); Y0_ub(k-1) = Y0(k-1)+addvalue0(k-1); end h2 = figure(2); set(h2,'color','w'); plot(X0,Y0,'r-*',X0,Y0_ub,'g-o',X0,Y0_lb,'b-o');hold on; errorbar(X0,Y0,addvalue0,'color',[0.8 0.5 0.2]); xlabel('X');ylabel('y'); grid on; title('点预测'); legend('预测值','置信上限','置信下限','置信限'); Y0_dis = (max(Y0)-min(Y0))/40; Y0_lb_dis = (max(Y0_lb)-min(Y0_lb))/40; Y0_ub_dis = (max(Y0_ub)-min(Y0_ub))/40; disp('是否显示数据?'); str = input('yes or no?','s'); if strcmp(str ,'yes') == 1 if max(size(X0)) <= 3 for k = 1:max(size(X0)) text(X0(k),Y0(k)+Y0_dis,['(',num2str(X0(k)),',',num2str(Y0(k)),')'],... 'color',[0.2 0.2 0.2]);hold on; text(X0(k),Y0_lb(k)+Y0_lb_dis,['(',num2str(X0(k)),',',num2str(Y0_lb(k)),')'],... 'color',[0.2 0.2 0.2],'VerticalAlignment','middle','HorizontalAlignment','center');hold on; text(X0(k),Y0_ub(k)+Y0_ub_dis,['(',num2str(X0(k)),',',num2str(Y0_ub(k)),')'],... 'color',[0.2 0.2 0.2],'VerticalAlignment','middle','HorizontalAlignment','center');hold on; end end end text(Expection(X0,1),(max(Y0)+max(Y0_ub))/2,['置信程度',num2str(100*a),'%'],'color',[0.3 0.3 0.3]); else prodict = []; end disp('回归方程为:'); vpa(alpha+beta*x,4) disp('相关系数平方为:'); vpa(R2,6) disp('随机项方差的无偏估计为:'); vpa(sigma_2,6) disp('回归系数beta和alpha的方差分别为:'); vpa(Var_beta,6) vpa(Var_alpha,6) disp('回归系数beta和alpha的协方差为:'); vpa(cov_alpha_beta,6) %%SST,SSE和SSR disp('SST:'); SST = YY_s_m Y_OLS = reshape(alpha+beta*X',1,n); disp('SSR:'); SSR = (Y_OLS-Expection(Y,1))*(Y_OLS-Expection(Y,1))' disp('SSE:'); SSE = (Y-Y_OLS)*(Y-Y_OLS)' function En = Expection(M,n) %%n阶原点矩%% En = sum(M.^n)/size(M,2); end end
2.下面以一个例子来说明程序运行结果
clear all clc X = [-2.269 -1.248 -0.269 1.248 2.006 4.598 5.264 7.002]; Y = [4582 4027 4958 5078 6072 4156 5948 5027]; S = Linear_Regression(X,Y)
是否标出差值? yes or no?yes 是否标出数据点? yes or no?no 是否输出回归方程的置信区间? yes or no?yes 单侧置信系数 或者 双侧置信系数?双 输入双侧置信系数:0.05 t(n-2)为: t_value = 1.9432 置信区间上限的方程为: ans = 78.43*x + 1466.0*(0.013*(x - 2.041)^2 + 1.125)^(1/2) + 4821.0 置信区间下限的方程为: ans = 78.43*x - 1466.0*(0.013*(x - 2.041)^2 + 1.125)^(1/2) + 4821.0 是否输出回归系数的置信区间? yes or no?yes 单侧置信系数 或者 双侧置信系数?双 输入双侧置信系数:0.05 t(n-2)为: t_value = 1.9432 回归系数beta的置信区间为: ans = -88.7367 245.5885 回归系数alpha的置信区间为: ans = 1.0e+03 * 4.4796 5.1622 是否需要求预测值? yes or no?yes 输入预测向量:[-2.156 -1.306 0.248 1.296] 单侧置信系数 或者 双侧置信系数?双 输入双侧置信系数:0.05 t(n-2)为: t_value = 1.9432 是否显示数据? yes or no?no 回归方程为: ans = 78.43*x + 4821.0 相关系数平方为: ans = 0.121668 随机项方差的无偏估计为: ans = 569067.0 回归系数beta和alpha的方差分别为: ans = 7400.35 ans = 101976.0 回归系数beta和alpha的协方差为: ans = -15107.8 SST: SST = 3887366 SSR: SSR = 4.7297e+05 SSE: SSE = 3.4144e+06 OLS = 10×5 cell 数组 列 1 至 3 {'拟合斜率beta' } {'拟合截距alpha' } {'相关系数R^2' } {[ 78.4259]} {[ 4.8209e+03]} {[ 0.1217]} {'EX^2' } {'EY^2' } {'EXY' } {[ 13.7799]} {[ 2.5296e+07]} {[ 1.0923e+04]} {'min(X)' } {'min(Y)' } {'cov(X,Y)' } {[ -2.2690]} {[ 4027]} {[ 753.8428]} {'样本标准差SD(X)'} {'样本标准差SD(Y)'} {'总体标准差sigma(X)'} {[ 3.3144]} {[ 745.2100]} {[ 9.6122]} {'变异系数CV(Y)' } {'X极差' } {'Y极差' } {[ 0.1496]} {[ 9.2710]} {[ 2045]} 列 4 至 5 {'X平均值' } {'Y平均值' } {[ 2.0415]} {[ 4981]} {'max(X)' } {'max(Y)' } {[ 7.0020]} {[ 6072]} {'X绝对值几何均值' } {'Y绝对值几何均值'} {[ 2.0591]} {[ 4.9328e+03]} {'总体标准差sigma(Y)'} {'变异系数CV(X)' } {[ 4.8592e+05]} {[ 1.6235]} {'n*E(Y-Y_ba)' } {'SSR' } {[ -3.1238e+06]} {[ 1.2431e+12]} prodict = 3×5 cell 数组 列 1 至 4 {1×1 cell} {[ -2.1560]} {[ -1.3060]} {[ 0.2480]} {1×1 cell} {[4.6518e+03]} {[4.7185e+03]} {[4.8403e+03]} {1×1 cell} {1×2 double } {1×2 double } {1×2 double } 列 5 {[ 1.2960]} {[4.9225e+03]} {1×2 double } >>