• Jackson 的 基本用法


    Jackson 是当前用的比较广泛的,用来序列化和反序列化 json 的 Java 的开源框架。Jackson 社 区相对比较活跃,更新速度也比较快, 从 Github 中的统计来看,Jackson 是最流行的 json 解析器之一 。 Spring MVC 的默认 json 解析器便是 Jackson。 Jackson 优点很多。 Jackson 所依赖的 jar 包较少 ,简单易用。与其他 Java 的 json 的框架 Gson 等相比, Jackson 解析大的 json 文件速度比较快;Jackson 运行时占用内存比较低,性能比较好;Jackson 有灵活的 API,可以很容易进行扩展和定制。

    Jackson 的 1.x 版本的包名是 org.codehaus.jackson ,当升级到 2.x 版本时,包名变为 com.fasterxml.jackson,本文讨论的内容是基于最新的 Jackson 的 2.9.1 版本。

    Jackson 的核心模块由三部分组成。

    • jackson-core,核心包,提供基于"流模式"解析的相关 API,它包括 JsonPaser 和 JsonGenerator。 Jackson 内部实现正是通过高性能的流模式 API 的 JsonGenerator 和 JsonParser 来生成和解析 json。
    • jackson-annotations,注解包,提供标准注解功能;
    • jackson-databind ,数据绑定包, 提供基于"对象绑定" 解析的相关 API ( ObjectMapper ) 和"树模型" 解析的相关 API (JsonNode);基于"对象绑定" 解析的 API 和"树模型"解析的 API 依赖基于"流模式"解析的 API。
    清单 1.在 pom.xml 的 Jackson 的配置信息
    <dependency> 
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> 
    <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> 
    <version>2.9.1</version> 
    </dependency>

    jackson-databind 依赖 jackson-core 和 jackson-annotations,当添加 jackson-databind 之后, jackson-core 和 jackson-annotations 也随之添加到 Java 项目工程中。在添加相关依赖包之后,就可以使用 Jackson。

    ObjectMapper 的 使用

    Jackson 最常用的 API 就是基于"对象绑定" 的 ObjectMapper。下面是一个 ObjectMapper 的使用的简单示例。

    清单 2 . ObjectMapper 使用示例
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); 
    Person person = new Person(); 
    person.setName("Tom"); 
    person.setAge(40); 
    String jsonString = mapper.writerWithDefaultPrettyPrinter() 
    .writeValueAsString(person); 
    Person deserializedPerson = mapper.readValue(jsonString, Person.class);

    ObjectMapper 通过 writeValue 系列方法 将 java 对 象序列化 为 json,并 将 json 存 储成不同的格式,String(writeValueAsString),Byte Array(writeValueAsString),Writer, File,OutStream 和 DataOutput。

    ObjectMapper 通过 readValue 系列方法从不同的数据源像 String , Byte Array, Reader,File,URL, InputStream 将 json 反序列化为 java 对象。

    信息配置

    在调用 writeValue 或调用 readValue 方法之前,往往需要设置 ObjectMapper 的相关配置信息。这些配置信息应用 java 对象的所有属性上。示例如下:

    清单 3 . 配置信息使用示例
    //在反序列化时忽略在 json 中存在但 Java 对象不存在的属性 
    mapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES,
       false); 
    //在序列化时日期格式默认为 yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSZ 
    mapper.configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS,false) 
    //在序列化时忽略值为 null 的属性 
    mapper.setSerializationInclusion(Include.NON_NULL); 
    //忽略值为默认值的属性 
    mapper.setDefaultPropertyInclusion(Include.NON_DEFAULT);

    更多配置信息可以查看 Jackson 的 DeserializationFeature,SerializationFeature 和 I nclude。

    Jackson 的 注解的使用

    Jackson 根据它的默认方式序列化和反序列化 java 对象,若根据实际需要,灵活的调整它的默认方式,可以使用 Jackson 的注解。常用的注解及用法如下。

    表 1. Jackson 的 常用注解

     Jackson示例

    Jackson ObjectMapper Example

    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    String carJson =
        "{ "brand" : "Mercedes", "doors" : 5 }";
    
    try {
        Car car = objectMapper.readValue(carJson, Car.class);
    
        System.out.println("car brand = " + car.getBrand());
        System.out.println("car doors = " + car.getDoors());
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    
    public class Car {
        private String brand = null;
        private int doors = 0;
    
        public String getBrand() { return this.brand; }
        public void   setBrand(String brand){ this.brand = brand;}
    
        public int  getDoors() { return this.doors; }
        public void setDoors (int doors) { this.doors = doors; }
    }

    从Reader读取对象

    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    String carJson =
            "{ "brand" : "Mercedes", "doors" : 4 }";
    Reader reader = new StringReader(carJson);
    
    Car car = objectMapper.readValue(reader, Car.class);

    从File中读取对象

     
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    File file = new File("data/car.json");
    
    Car car = objectMapper.readValue(file, Car.class);

     

    从URL中读取对象

    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    URL url = new URL("file:data/car.json");
    
    Car car = objectMapper.readValue(url, Car.class);

    从InputStream读取对象

    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    InputStream input = new FileInputStream("data/car.json");
    
    Car car = objectMapper.readValue(input, Car.class);

    从字节数组中读取对象

    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    String carJson =
            "{ "brand" : "Mercedes", "doors" : 5 }";
    
    byte[] bytes = carJson.getBytes("UTF-8");
    
    Car car = objectMapper.readValue(bytes, Car.class);

    从JSON数组字符串中读取对象数组 

    String jsonArray = "[{"brand":"ford"}, {"brand":"Fiat"}]";
    
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    Car[] cars2 = objectMapper.readValue(jsonArray, Car[].class);

    从JSON数组字符串中读取对象列表

    String jsonArray =“[{”brand “:”ford “},{”brand “:”Fiat “}]”;
    
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    List <Car> cars1 = objectMapper.readValue(jsonArray,new TypeReference <List <Car >>(){});

    从JSON字符串中读取映射为map

    String jsonObject =“{”brand “:”ford “,”doors “:5}”;
    
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    Map <String,Object> jsonMap = objectMapper.readValue(jsonObject,
        new TypeReference <Map <String,Object >>(){});

    树模型

    String carJson =
            "{ "brand" : "Mercedes", "doors" : 5 }";
    
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    try {
    
        JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readValue(carJson, JsonNode.class);
    
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    JSON字符串被解析为JsonNode对象而不是Car对象,只需将JsonNode.class第二个参数传递readValue()方法而不是Car.class本教程前面的示例中使用方法

    ObjectMapper班也有一个特殊的readTree(),它总是返回一个方法 JsonNode以下是JsonNode使用该ObjectMapper readTree()方法将JSON解析为a的示例

    String carJson =
            "{ "brand" : "Mercedes", "doors" : 5 }";
    
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    try {
    
        JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readTree(carJson);
    
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    JsonNode类

    String carJson =
            "{ "brand" : "Mercedes", "doors" : 5," +
            "  "owners" : ["John", "Jack", "Jill"]," +
            "  "nestedObject" : { "field" : "value" } }";
    
    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    
    try {
    
        JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readValue(carJson, JsonNode.class);
    
        JsonNode brandNode = jsonNode.get("brand");
        String brand = brandNode.asText();
        System.out.println("brand = " + brand);
    
        JsonNode doorsNode = jsonNode.get("doors");
        int doors = doorsNode.asInt();
        System.out.println("doors = " + doors);
    
        JsonNode array = jsonNode.get("owners");
        JsonNode jsonNode = array.get(0);
        String john = jsonNode.asText();
        System.out.println("john  = " + john);
    
        JsonNode child = jsonNode.get("nestedObject");
        JsonNode childField = child.get("field");
        String field = childField.asText();
        System.out.println("field = " + field);
    
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }

    将Object转换为JsonNode

    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    Car car = new Car();
    car.brand = "Cadillac";
    car.doors = 4;
    
    JsonNode carJsonNode = objectMapper.valueToTree(car);

    将JsonNode转换为Object

    ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
    
    String carJson = "{ "brand" : "Mercedes", "doors" : 5 }";
    
    JsonNode carJsonNode = objectMapper.readTree(carJson);
    
    Car car = objectMapper.treeToValue(carJsonNode);

    使用Jackson ObjectMapper读取和编写YAML

    1.示例1(只是yaml字符串和对象的互转,不涉及yaml文件的处理)

    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    public class YamlJacksonExample {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory());
    
            Employee employee = new Employee("John Doe", "john@doe.com");
    
            String yamlString = null;
            try {
                yamlString = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(employee);
            } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                // normally, rethrow exception here - or don't catch it at all.
            }
    
        }
    }

    yamlString变量包含Employee在执行此代码后序列化为YAML数据格式对象。

    以下是Employee再次将YAML文本读入对象的示例

    import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    public class YamlJacksonExample {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory());
    
            Employee employee = new Employee("John Doe", "john@doe.com");
    
            String yamlString = null;
            try {
                yamlString = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(employee);
            } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                // normally, rethrow exception here - or don't catch it at all.
            }
    
            try {
                Employee employee2 = objectMapper.readValue(yamlString, Employee.class);
    
                System.out.println("Done");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    }

    2. 示例2 (yaml文件的读取和写入)

     2.1定义Employee实体类

    package com.example.jackjson;
    
    import lombok.Data;
    
    /**
     * @author: GuanBin
     * @date: Created in 上午10:18 2020/6/15
     */
    @Data
    public class Employee {
    
        public Employee() {
        }
    
        public Employee(String name, String email) {
            this.name = name;
            this.email = email;
        }
    
        String name;
    
        String email;
    }

    2.2创建要读取的yml EmployeeYaml.yml文件,并初始化一条数据

    name: test
    email: test@qq.com

    2.3创建要写入的yml文件,EmployeeYamlOutput.yml (空文件)

    2.4 测试类

    package com.example.jackjson;
    
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLFactory;
    import com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat.yaml.YAMLGenerator;
    
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * @author: GuanBin
     * @date: Created in 上午10:17 2020/6/15
     */
    public class YamlJacksonExample {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
    
            try {
                //从yaml文件读取数据
                reaedYamlToEmployee();
                //写入yaml文件
                reaedEmployeeToYaml();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 从yaml文件读取数据
         * @throws IOException
         */
        private static void reaedYamlToEmployee() throws IOException {
            ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory());
            Employee employee = mapper.readValue(new File("src/test/java/com/example/jackjson/EmployeeYaml.yml"), Employee.class);
            System.out.println(employee.getName() + "********" + employee.getEmail());
    
        }
    
        /**
         * 写入yaml文件
         * @throws IOException
         */
        private static void reaedEmployeeToYaml() throws IOException {
            //去掉三个破折号
            ObjectMapper  mapper = new ObjectMapper(new YAMLFactory().disable(YAMLGenerator.Feature.WRITE_DOC_START_MARKER));
            //禁用掉把时间写为时间戳
            mapper.disable(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS);
    
            Employee employee = new Employee("test2", "999@qq.com");
            mapper.writeValue(new File("src/test/java/com/example/jackjson/EmployeeYamlOutput.yml"), employee);
        }
    }

    读取文件的打印输出

    test********test@qq.com
    
    Process finished with exit code 0

    写入文件的输出

    参考:

     https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/jackson-advanced-application/index.html

    http://tutorials.jenkov.com/java-json/jackson-objectmapper.html

    https://www.baeldung.com/jackson-yaml

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/guanbin-529/p/11488869.html
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