触发器
playbook handlers
handler`用来执行某些条件下的任务,比如当配置文件发生变化的时候,通过notify触发handler去重启服务。
在saltstack中也有类似的触发器,写法相对Ansible简单,只需要watch,配置文件即可。
大白话:监控某一个步骤,一旦该步骤发生了变化,则立马触发该步骤的触发器,执行对应的步骤
注意:
1.无论多少个task通知了相同的handlers,handlers仅会在所有tasks结束后运行一次。
2.Handlers只有在其所在的任务被执行时,才会被运行;如果一个任务中定义了notify调用Handlers,但是由于条件判断等原因,该任务未被执行,那么Handlers同样不会被执行。
3.Handlers只会在每一个play的末尾运行一次;如果想在一个playbook中间运行Handlers,则需要使用meta模块来实现。例如: -meta: flush_handlers。(不要强制执行)
4.如果一个play在运行到调用Handlers的语句之前失败了,那么这个Handlers将不会被执行。我们可以使用meta模块的--force-handlers选项来强制执行Handlers,即使Handlers所在的play中途运行失败也能执行。(不要强制执行)
5.不能使用handlers替代tasks
触发器的写法
- hosts: web01
task:
- name: Push Nginx PHP Conf
copy:
src: "{{ item.src }}"
dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
with_items:
- { src: "/ansible/web/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" }
- { src: "/ansible/web/www.zls.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.zls.com.conf" }
- { src: "/ansible/web/www.conf",dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf" }
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
notify: Restart Nginx And PHP
# 通过名字的方式来关联触发器,当配置文件有变化的时候,就会引发触发器
handlers:
- name: Restart Nginx And PHP
service:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: restarted
with_items:
- nginx
- php-fpm
注意:tasks中的notify名字必须和handlers中的- name名字对应上,否则触发器和任务没有做任何关联
tag标签
默认情况下,Ansible在执行一个playbook时,会执行playbook中定义的所有任务,Ansible的标签(tag)功能可以给单独任务甚至整个playbook打上标签,然后利用这些标签来指定要运行playbook中的个别任务,或不执行指定的任务。
打标签的方式
1.对一个task打一个标签
我只想推送nginx的配置文件
- name: Push Nginx PHP Conf
copy:
src: "{{ item.src }}"
dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
with_items:
- { src: "/ansible/web/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" }
- { src: "/ansible/web/www.zls.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.zls.com.conf" }
- { src: "/ansible/web/www.conf",dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf" }
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
notify: Restart Nginx And PHP
tags: config_nginx
## 运行:
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook lnmp.yml -t config_nginx
-t:运行指定的tag
--skip-tags:跳过指定的tag
2.对一个task打多个标签
有一个功能任务,我安装nginx的时候需要创建www用户,安装nfs的时候,需要创建www用户,安装rsync的时候需要创建www用户
创建www用户这个功能,有多个任务都需要使用
tag: install_nginx
tag: install_nfs
tag: install_rsync
- name: Create {{ web_user_group }} Group
group:
name: "{{ web_user_group }}"
gid: 666
state: present
tags:
- install_nginx
- install_nfs
- install_rsync
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook lnmp.yml -t install_nginx
- name: Push Nginx PHP Conf
copy:
src: "{{ item.src }}"
dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
with_items:
- { src: "/ansible/web/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" }
- { src: "/ansible/web/www.zls.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.zls.com.conf" }
- { src: "/ansible/web/www.conf",dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf" }
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
notify: Restart Nginx And PHP
tags:
- congfig_nginx
- install_nginx
比如在只运行部署代码的步骤,需要创建www用户,只运行部署rsync的时候也需要创建www用户,这个时候就需要把创建www用户这个tasks加上多个标签。
3.对多个task打一个标签
我只想重新安装nginx
1.安装nginx
tag: install_nginx
2.配置nginx打一个标签
tag: install_nginx
- name: Unarchive Nginx and PHP
unarchive:
src: /ansible/web/nginx_php.tgz
dest: /root
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
tags: install_nginx
- name: Install Nginx and PHP
yum:
name: /root/nginx_php/{{ item }}
state: present
with_items: "{{ nginx_php_packages }}"
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
tags: install_nginx
- name: Push Nginx PHP Conf
copy:
src: "{{ item.src }}"
dest: "{{ item.dest }}"
with_items:
- { src: "/ansible/web/nginx.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf" }
- { src: "/ansible/web/www.zls.com.conf",dest: "/etc/nginx/conf.d/www.zls.com.conf" }
- { src: "/ansible/web/www.conf",dest: "/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf" }
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
notify: Restart Nginx And PHP
tags:
- congfig_nginx
- install_nginx
- name: Create HTML Dir
file:
path: /code
owner: "{{ web_user_group }}"
group: "{{ web_user_group }}"
state: directory
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
tags: install_nginx
- name: Unarchive WordPress Package
unarchive:
src: /ansible/web/wordpress.tgz
dest: /code
owner: "{{ web_user_group }}"
group: "{{ web_user_group }}"
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
tags: install_nginx
- name: Start Nginx Server
service:
name: "{{ item }}"
state: started
enabled: true
with_items:
- nginx
- php-fpm
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
tags: install_nginx
- name: Mount NFS Share Directory
mount:
path: /code/wordpress/wp-content/uploads
src: 172.16.1.31:/{{ nfs_dir }}
fstype: nfs
state: mounted
when: ansible_fqdn is match 'web*'
tags: install_nginx
## 运行:
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook lnmp.yml -t install_nginx
-t:运行指定的tag
--skip-tags:跳过指定的tag
比如我只想执行安装nginx的步骤,需要创建www用户、创建站点目录、加入防火墙规则等,把这些步骤打上统一标签,然后调用执行这样就可以只运行指定的相应的步骤及就可以了。
playbook的复用
只调用task:include_tasks
调用整个task文件:include
(新版本:import_playbook)
在saltstack中,叫做top file
入口文件。
示例一:
[root@m01 m01]# cat task.yml
- hosts: web_group
vars:
- http_port: 8080
tasks:
- include_tasks: task_install.yml
- include_tasks: task_configure.yml
- include_tasks: task_start.yml
handlers:
- name: Restart Httpd Server
systemd:
name: httpd
state: restarted
[root@m01 m01]# cat task_install.yml
- name: Install Http Server
yum:
name: httpd
state: present
[root@m01 m01]# cat task_configure.yml
- name: configure httpd server
template:
src: ./httpd.j2
dest: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: Restart Httpd Server
[root@m01 m01]# cat task_start.yml
- name: start httpd server
service:
name: httpd
state: started
enabled: yes
示例二
- include: httpd.yml
- include: nfs.yml
- include: rsync.yml
示例三
- import_playbook: httpd.yml
- import_playbook: nfs.yml
- import_playbook: rsync.yml
忽略错误
默认playbook会检测task执行的返回状态,如果遇到错误则会立即终止playbook的后续task执行,然而有些时候playbook即使执行错误了也要让其继续执行。
加入参数:ignore_errors:yes 忽略错误
[root@m01 ~]# cat ignore.yml
- hosts: web_group
tasks:
- name: Ignore False
command: /bin/false
ignore_errors: yes
- name: touch new file
file:
path: /tmp/zls.txt
state: touch