• HTML5新增Canvas标签及对应属性、API详解(基础一)


    知识说明:

           HTML5新增的canvas标签,通过创建画布,在画布上创建任何想要的形状,下面将canvas的API以及属性做一个整理,并且附上时钟的示例,便于后期复习学习!Fighting!

    一、标签原型

    <canvas width=”1000” height=”1000” id=”myCanvas”>

           您的浏览器版本过低,不支持HTML5新增的canvas标签。

    </canvas>

    使用js获取该画布,并指定对象

    <script>

           Var canvasID = document.getElementById(“myCanvas”);

           Var canvas = canvasID.getContext(“2d”);

    </script>

    二、canvas标签常见属性

    属性

    功能描述

    width

    pixels

    设置canvas的宽度

    height

    pixels

    设置canvas的高度

    三、canvas标签的API整合

    属性

    功能描述

    save()

    Canvas.save();

    保存当前画布环境状态

    Restore()

    Canvas.restore();

    返回之前保存的画布的路径状态,与save()成对用

    getContext()

    Canvas.getContext();

    返回一个对象,指出访问绘图功能必要的API

    toDataURL()

    Canvas.toDataURL();

    返回canvas图像的url

    四、canvas标签API的主要属性整合

    a、 画圆

    属性

    功能描述

    fillStyle

    Canvas.fillStyle=”#f00”

    设置或返回用于填充绘画的颜色、渐变或模式

    strokeStyle

    Canvas.strokeStyle=”#f0f”;

    设置或返回用于笔触的颜色、渐变或模式

    beginPath()

    Canvas.beginPath();

    开启画路径

    closePath()

    Canvas.closePath();

    关闭画路径

    Arc()

    Canvas.arc(0,0,10,0,360,false);

    参数:原点X、原点Y、原点起始弧度,原点结束弧度、顺时针/逆时针

    画圆

    Fill()

    Canvas.fill()

    填充

    Stroke()

    Canvas.stroke()

    画边框

    画圆代码片段:

    <script>

                  var canvasID = document.getElementById("myCanvas");

                  var canvas = canvasID.getContext("2d");

                  //画圆方法

                  function drawArc(id)

                  {

                         canvas.beginPath();

                         canvas.lineWidth = 5;

                         canvas.fillStyle = "#00f";

                         canvas.strokeStyle = "#0f0";

                         canvas.arc(100, 100, 50, 0, 360, false);

                         canvas.fill();

                         canvas.stroke();

                         canvas.closePath();

                  }

                  drawArc("myCanvas");

           </script>

    b、 画线

    属性

    功能描述

    Translate

    Canvas.translate(200,200)

    重置坐标原点

    lineWidth

    Canvas. lineWidth=10;

    设置线的宽度

    moveTo ()

    Canvas. moveTo (0,0);

    开始画线的初始位置

    lineTo ()

    Canvas. lineTo (100,0);

    画线结束点位置

    画线代码片段:

    <script>

                  var canvasID = document.getElementById("myCanvas");

                  var canvas = canvasID.getContext("2d");

                  function drawLine(id)

                  {

                         canvas.save();

                         canvas.translate(150,100);

                         canvas.lineWidth= 10;

                         canvas.strokeStyle = "#999";

                         canvas.beginPath();

                         canvas.moveTo(0,0);

                         canvas.lineTo(100,0);

                         canvas.closePath();

                         canvas.stroke();

                         canvas.restore();

                  }

                  drawLine("myCanvas");

    </script>

    c、 画多边形

    画三角形代码片段:

    //画多边形,此处以三角形为例

    <script>

            var canvasID = document.getElementById("myCanvas");

            var canvas = canvasID.getContext("2d");

            function drawSanjiao(id)

            {

                   canvas.save();

                   canvas.translate(250,40);

                   canvas.lineWidth = 3;

                   canvas.strokeStyle = "#0f0";

                   canvas.beginPath();

                   canvas.moveTo(0,0);

                   canvas.lineTo(0,120);

                   canvas.lineTo(100,60);

                   canvas.lineTo(0,0);

                   canvas.stroke();

                   canvas.closePath();

                   canvas.restore();

            }

            drawSanjiao("myCanvas");

    </script>

    d、 画文字

    画文字代码片段:

    <script>

            var canvasID = document.getElementById("myCanvas");

            var canvas = canvasID.getContext("2d");

    function drawText(id)

            {

                   canvas.save();

                   canvas.translate(100,300);

                   canvas.strokeStyle="#09";

                   canvas.fillStyle = "#879";

                   canvas.font = "normal 90px 微软雅黑";

                   canvas.strokeText("hello html5", 0, 0);

                   canvas.fillText("hello html5", 0, 0);

                   canvas.restore();

            }

            drawText("myCanvas");

    </script>

    以上a、b、c、d整合效果如下图:

    五、使用canvas标签绘制时钟

    代码片段:

    <canvas width="1000" height="1000" id="clockCanvas">

          您的浏览器版本太低,不支持显示时钟的canvas标签

    </canvas>

          

           <script>

                  var clockID = document.getElementById("clockCanvas");

                  var clock = clockID.getContext("2d");

                 

                  /*步骤:画钟表整体思路步骤分析

                  1、使用canvas创建画布,并创建一个2d对象

                  2、使用function方法做计算

                  3、实例化Date()对象,通过该对象获取系统当前的时、分、秒

                  4、通过计算将24小时制转化为12小时制

                  5、画表盘

                  6、画刻度盘

                  7、画指针

                  8、使用setInterval(fun, time);设置动态

                  */

                 

                  //画时钟的方法

                  function drawClock(id)

                  {

                         //每次清空画布

                         clock.clearRect(0,0,1000,1000);

                         //获取系统当前时间(时 、分 、秒)

                         var now = new Date();  //实例化一个当前时间的对象,通过该对象获取系统当前时间

                         var sec = now.getSeconds();  //秒

                         var mins = now.getMinutes();  //分

                         var hours = now.getHours();    //时

                         //绘制文字,显示系统当前时间:

                         clock.save();

                         clock.translate(0,500);

                         clock.fillStyle = "#ff0";

                         clock.strokeStyle = "#eee";

                         clock.font = "bold 50px 微软雅黑";

                         clock.strokeText("系统当前时间为:"+hours+"时"+mins+"分"+sec+"秒", 100, 100);

                         clock.fillText("系统当前时间为:"+hours+"时"+mins+"分"+sec+"秒", 100, 100);

                         clock.restore();

                        

                         //计算:满60分加一小时

                         hours = hours + mins/60;

                         //计算:将24小时制转化为12小时制

                         hours = hours>12?hours-12:hours;

                        

                         //画表盘

                         clock.beginPath();

                         clock.lineWidth = 10;

                         clock.strokeStyle = "#ff00ff";

                         clock.arc(300, 300, 200, 0, 360, false);

                         clock.stroke();

                         clock.closePath();

                        

                         //画刻度盘

                         //时刻度

                         for(var i = 0; i < 12; i++)

                         {

                                clock.save();

                                //将起始点定位到圆心

                                clock.translate(300,300);

                                //设置刻度的样式

                                clock.lineWidth = 7;

                                clock.strokeStyle = "#999999";

                                //设置旋转角度

                                clock.rotate(i*30*Math.PI/180);

                               

                                clock.beginPath();

                                clock.moveTo(0, -170);

                                clock.lineTo(0, -190);                     

                               

                                /*clock.font = "normal 20px 宋体";

                                clock.textAlign = "left";

                                clock.textBaseLine = "top";

                               

                                clock.strokeText(i, i*(-50)*Math.PI/180, -150);

                                clock.closePath();*/

                               

                                //画刻度线

                                clock.stroke();

                                clock.restore();

                         }

                        

                         //分刻度

                         for(var j = 0; j<60; j++)

                         {

                                clock.save();

                                //设置起始点坐标

                                clock.translate(300,300);

                                clock.lineWidth = 5;

                                clock.strokeStyle = "#999999";

                                //设置旋转角度

                                clock.rotate(j*6*Math.PI/180);

                                clock.beginPath();

                                clock.moveTo(0, -180);

                                clock.lineTo(0, -190);

                                clock.closePath();

                                clock.stroke();

                                clock.restore();

                         }

                        

                         //时针

                         clock.save();

                         clock.translate(300,300);

                         clock.lineWidth = 7;

                         clock.strokeStyle = "#000000";

                         //设置小时的旋转角度,没转一次走30°

                         clock.rotate(hours*30*Math.PI/180);                

                         clock.beginPath();

                         clock.moveTo(0,15);

                         clock.lineTo(0,-120);

                         clock.stroke();

                         clock.closePath();

                         clock.restore();

                        

                         //分针

                         clock.save();

                         clock.translate(300, 300);

                         clock.rotate(mins*6*Math.PI/180);

                         clock.lineWidth = 5;

                         clock.strokeStyle = "#000";

                         clock.beginPath();

                         clock.moveTo(0,20);

                         clock.lineTo(0,-160);

                         clock.stroke();

                         clock.closePath();

                         clock.restore();

                        

                         //秒针

                         clock.save();

                         clock.translate(300,300);

                         clock.rotate(sec*6*Math.PI/180);

                         clock.lineWidth = 3;

                         clock.strokeStyle = "#f00";

                         clock.beginPath();

                         clock.moveTo(0, 25);

                         clock.lineTo(0,-165);

                         clock.stroke();

                         clock.closePath();

                        

                         //秒针圆心处一个小圈

                         clock.fillStyle = "#999";

                         clock.strokeStyle = "#f00";

                         clock.beginPath();

                         clock.arc(0,0,6,0,360,false);

                         clock.fill();

                         clock.stroke();

                         clock.closePath();

                        

                         //秒针顶部一个小圈

                         clock.beginPath();

                         clock.arc(0,-140,6,0,360,false);

                         clock.fill();

                         clock.stroke();

                         clock.closePath();

                         clock.restore();

                  }

                  drawClock();

                  setInterval(drawClock, 1000);  //是表针根据系统当前时间转动起来

           </script>

    绘制结果如下图:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/grnBlogs/p/4642870.html
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