个人.bashrc：
~/.bashrc：
# .bashrc # User specific aliases and functions alias rm='rm -i' alias cp='cp -i' alias mv='mv -i' # Source global definitions if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then . /etc/bashrc fi
全局bashrc：
/etc/bashrc:
# /etc/bashrc # System wide functions and aliases # Environment stuff goes in /etc/profile # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you # are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this # will prevent the need for merging in future updates. # are we an interactive shell? if [ "$PS1" ]; then if [ -z "$PROMPT_COMMAND" ]; then case $TERM in xterm*|vte*) if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm ]; then PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-xterm elif [ "${VTE_VERSION:-0}" -ge 3405 ]; then PROMPT_COMMAND="__vte_prompt_command" else PROMPT_COMMAND='printf " 33]0;%s@%s:%s 07" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"' fi ;; screen*) if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen ]; then PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen else PROMPT_COMMAND='printf " 33k%s@%s:%s 33\" "${USER}" "${HOSTNAME%%.*}" "${PWD/#$HOME/~}"' fi ;; *) [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ] && PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-default ;; esac fi # Turn on parallel history shopt -s histappend history -a # Turn on checkwinsize shopt -s checkwinsize [ "$PS1" = "\s-\v\$ " ] && PS1="[u@h W]\$ " # You might want to have e.g. tty in prompt (e.g. more virtual machines) # and console windows # If you want to do so, just add e.g. # if [ "$PS1" ]; then # PS1="[u@h:l W]\$ " # fi # to your custom modification shell script in /etc/profile.d/ directory fi if ! shopt -q login_shell ; then # We're not a login shell # Need to redefine pathmunge, it get's undefined at the end of /etc/profile pathmunge () { case ":${PATH}:" in *:"$1":*) ;; *) if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then PATH=$PATH:$1 else PATH=$1:$PATH fi esac } # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for non-login shell. # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200 # You could check uidgid reservation validity in # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then umask 002 else umask 022 fi SHELL=/bin/bash # Only display echos from profile.d scripts if we are no login shell # and interactive - otherwise just process them to set envvars for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh; do if [ -r "$i" ]; then if [ "$PS1" ]; then . "$i" else . "$i" >/dev/null fi fi done unset i unset -f pathmunge fi # vim:ts=4:sw=4
用户的bashprofile：
~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin export PATH
[root@ckl1 bashtest]# echo $HOME /root
全局profile：
"/etc/profile"
# /etc/profile # System wide environment and startup programs, for login setup # Functions and aliases go in /etc/bashrc # It's NOT a good idea to change this file unless you know what you # are doing. It's much better to create a custom.sh shell script in # /etc/profile.d/ to make custom changes to your environment, as this # will prevent the need for merging in future updates. pathmunge () { case ":${PATH}:" in *:"$1":*) ;; *) if [ "$2" = "after" ] ; then PATH=$PATH:$1 else PATH=$1:$PATH fi esac } if [ -x /usr/bin/id ]; then if [ -z "$EUID" ]; then # ksh workaround EUID=`/usr/bin/id -u` UID=`/usr/bin/id -ru` fi USER="`/usr/bin/id -un`" LOGNAME=$USER MAIL="/var/spool/mail/$USER" fi # Path manipulation if [ "$EUID" = "0" ]; then pathmunge /usr/sbin pathmunge /usr/local/sbin else pathmunge /usr/local/sbin after pathmunge /usr/sbin after fi HOSTNAME=`/usr/bin/hostname 2>/dev/null` HISTSIZE=1000 if [ "$HISTCONTROL" = "ignorespace" ] ; then export HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth else export HISTCONTROL=ignoredups fi export PATH USER LOGNAME MAIL HOSTNAME HISTSIZE HISTCONTROL # By default, we want umask to get set. This sets it for login shell # Current threshold for system reserved uid/gids is 200 # You could check uidgid reservation validity in # /usr/share/doc/setup-*/uidgid file if [ $UID -gt 199 ] && [ "`/usr/bin/id -gn`" = "`/usr/bin/id -un`" ]; then umask 002 else umask 022 fi for i in /etc/profile.d/*.sh ; do if [ -r "$i" ]; then if [ "${-#*i}" != "$-" ]; then . "$i" else . "$i" >/dev/null fi fi done unset i unset -f pathmunge #java environment export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_161 export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/jre/lib/rt.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/lib/dt.jar:${JAVA_HOME}/lib/tools.jar export PATH=$PATH:${JAVA_HOME}/bin
关于别名：
别名，典型的如ll，是ls -l 的别名，那么这个别名定义在哪呢，其实是在/etc/profile.d/colorls.sh 中，也就是我在上面几个文件中，标红的部分。
colorls.sh：
# color-ls initialization # Skip all for noninteractive shells. [ ! -t 0 ] && return #when USER_LS_COLORS defined do not override user LS_COLORS, but use them. if [ -z "$USER_LS_COLORS" ]; then alias ll='ls -l' 2>/dev/null alias l.='ls -d .*' 2>/dev/null INCLUDE= COLORS= for colors in "$HOME/.dir_colors.$TERM" "$HOME/.dircolors.$TERM" "$HOME/.dir_colors" "$HOME/.dircolors"; do [ -e "$colors" ] && COLORS="$colors" && INCLUDE="`/usr/bin/cat "$COLORS" | /usr/bin/grep '^INCLUDE' | /usr/bin/cut -d ' ' -f2-`" && break done [ -z "$COLORS" ] && [ -e "/etc/DIR_COLORS.$TERM" ] && COLORS="/etc/DIR_COLORS.$TERM" [ -z "$COLORS" ] && [ -e "/etc/DIR_COLORS.256color" ] && [ "x`/usr/bin/tty -s && /usr/bin/tput colors 2>/dev/null`" = "x256" ] && COLORS="/etc/DIR_COLORS.256color" [ -z "$COLORS" ] && [ -e "/etc/DIR_COLORS" ] && COLORS="/etc/DIR_COLORS" # Existence of $COLORS already checked above. [ -n "$COLORS" ] || return if [ -e "$INCLUDE" ]; then TMP="`/usr/bin/mktemp .colorlsXXX -q --tmpdir=/tmp`" [ -z "$TMP" ] && return /usr/bin/cat "$INCLUDE" >> $TMP /usr/bin/grep -v '^INCLUDE' "$COLORS" >> $TMP eval "`/usr/bin/dircolors --sh $TMP 2>/dev/null`" /usr/bin/rm -f $TMP else eval "`/usr/bin/dircolors --sh $COLORS 2>/dev/null`" fi [ -z "$LS_COLORS" ] && return /usr/bin/grep -qi "^COLOR.*none" $COLORS >/dev/null 2>/dev/null && return fi unset TMP COLORS INCLUDE alias ll='ls -l --color=auto' 2>/dev/null alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto' 2>/dev/null alias ls='ls --color=auto' 2>/dev/null (END)
所以，什么情况下可以执行别名呢：
1：执行了/etc/profile
2：执行了~/.bashrc，~/.bashrc中引用了 /etc/bashrc（在该文件中，执行了ll别名所在的colorls.sh文件）
3：执行了~/.bash_profile，因为该文件中判断是否存在~/.bashrc，存在的话，会去执行~/.bashrc；根据上一步的结论，自然也就可以执行别名。
ok。那么，进一步，什么情况会执行上述的两种情况：
第一种情况（/etc/profile）：
查阅了man bash后，发现：
1.交互的登录shell，或者--login选项的非交互shell。
When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes
commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile,
in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.
The --noprofile option may be used when the shell is started to inhibit this behavior.
不过在我的centos7中，~/.profile不存在。
第二种情况（~/.bashrc）：
1.交互的，但不是登录的shell。
When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists.
This may be inhibited by using the --norc option. The --rcfile file option will force bash to read and execute commands from file instead of ~/.bashrc.
第三种情况（~/.bash_profile）:
同情况1。
Shell的几种类型：
ok。那么看了上面两种还是很蒙，那么我们再科普下什么是交互shell、非交互shell、登录shell和非登录shell。
我是参考了这里：https://blog.csdn.net/wisgood/article/details/52043522
我的理解：
登录shell：
ssh登录的，就是登录shell，登录shell要退出的话，是执行logout。比如我们用的putty、securtCRT。
非登录shell：
登录成功了之后，或者并没有进行远程登录，直接就在本机的（VMVARE的虚拟机中的shell都不能算，可采用下面的方法测试）ubuntu打开终端，这种，我理解的就是非登录shell。
我做了个小实验，我是secureCRT远程到该服务器的，在/home/upload/bashtest/a.sh中，我写了句logout：
[root@ckl1 bashtest]# less a.sh
#/bin/bash
logout
执行该脚本：
[root@ckl1 bashtest]# ./a.sh
结果：
./a.sh: line 3: logout: not login shell: use `exit'
区分登录与非登录shell的好办法：
（https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/38175/difference-between-login-shell-and-non-login-shell）
1.通过echo $0，如果结果是-bash，那就是login shell。否则不是。
2.如果可以执行logout命令，那么就是login shell；否则不是。
交互shell：
就是我们不管是用SecurtCRT这样的工具进入远程服务器也好，或者本机打开终端也好，都可以执行各种命令
在执行这些命令时，shell是可以和我们互动的，比如要求我们输入东西，比如按Tab可以提示，等等。
非交互Shell：
shell脚本执行，一般来说就是非交互的，我们写好了脚本，只要交给shell执行就好，期间不需要和我们交互。命令输入错了，会直接提示并退出。
以上两种，其实是不同维度，可以两两组合
| 交互 | 非交互 | |
| 登录 | 远程登录ssh,调用的文件包括：/etc/profile，~/.bash_profile，~/.bash_login,~/.profile | 较少见，可能读/etc/profile ， ~/.profile。也可能不读。依然请参考第一个答案：https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/38175/difference-between-login-shell-and-non-login-shell |
| 非登录 | 本机打开终端，调用文件包括：~/.bashrc | 执行shell脚本，调用文件包括：BASH_ENV 指定的文件 |
非交互shell中，怎么才能使用别名：
参考：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1615877/why-aliases-in-a-non-interactive-bash-shell-do-not-work
方式1:
shopt -s expand_aliases
不过我的centos 7，未生效。
方式2：
source their .bashrc at the end of their profile。
也就是在~/.bash_profile中新增一行：source ~/.bashrc
但是我这边依然没生效。
方式3：
直接脚本中增加：source ~/.bashrc
#/bin/bash ls -l echo "ll " source ~/.bashrc ll
ok。可以正常工作。
ssh执行远程命令时，怎么才能使用别名：
1.
首先修改远程主机的~/.bashrc,新增一行：
shopt -s expand_aliasesssh -t @host ll
2.
ssh @host 'bash -ci ll'
参考：
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1615877/why-aliases-in-a-non-interactive-bash-shell-do-not-work