• [LeetCode] 1172. Dinner Plate Stacks 餐盘栈



    You have an infinite number of stacks arranged in a row and numbered (left to right) from 0, each of the stacks has the same maximum capacity.

    Implement the DinnerPlates class:

    • DinnerPlates(int capacity) Initializes the object with the maximum capacity of the stacks capacity.
    • void push(int val) Pushes the given integer val into the leftmost stack with a size less than capacity.
    • int pop() Returns the value at the top of the rightmost non-empty stack and removes it from that stack, and returns -1 if all the stacks are empty.
    • int popAtStack(int index) Returns the value at the top of the stack with the given index index and removes it from that stack or returns -1 if the stack with that given index is empty.

    Example 1:

    Input
    ["DinnerPlates", "push", "push", "push", "push", "push", "popAtStack", "push", "push", "popAtStack", "popAtStack", "pop", "pop", "pop", "pop", "pop"]
    [[2], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [0], [20], [21], [0], [2], [], [], [], [], []]
    Output
    [null, null, null, null, null, null, 2, null, null, 20, 21, 5, 4, 3, 1, -1]
    
    Explanation:
    DinnerPlates D = DinnerPlates(2);  // Initialize with capacity = 2
    D.push(1);
    D.push(2);
    D.push(3);
    D.push(4);
    D.push(5);         // The stacks are now:  2  4
                                               1  3  5
                                               ﹈ ﹈ ﹈
    D.popAtStack(0);   // Returns 2.  The stacks are now:     4
                                                           1  3  5
                                                           ﹈ ﹈ ﹈
    D.push(20);        // The stacks are now: 20  4
                                               1  3  5
                                               ﹈ ﹈ ﹈
    D.push(21);        // The stacks are now: 20  4 21
                                               1  3  5
                                               ﹈ ﹈ ﹈
    D.popAtStack(0);   // Returns 20.  The stacks are now:     4 21
                                                            1  3  5
                                                            ﹈ ﹈ ﹈
    D.popAtStack(2);   // Returns 21.  The stacks are now:     4
                                                            1  3  5
                                                            ﹈ ﹈ ﹈
    D.pop()            // Returns 5.  The stacks are now:      4
                                                            1  3
                                                            ﹈ ﹈
    D.pop()            // Returns 4.  The stacks are now:   1  3
                                                            ﹈ ﹈
    D.pop()            // Returns 3.  The stacks are now:   1
                                                            ﹈
    D.pop()            // Returns 1.  There are no stacks.
    D.pop()            // Returns -1.  There are still no stacks.
    

    Constraints:

    • 1 <= capacity <= 2 * 104
    • 1 <= val <= 2 * 104
    • 0 <= index <= 105
    • At most 2 * 105 calls will be made to pushpop, and popAtStack.

    这道题定义了一种餐盘栈的数据结构,说是有很多个栈从左到右排成一排,每个栈有个最大容量 capacity,现在定义了三种操作,push 是将给定的数字 val 压入左起第一个未满的栈,pop 是移除并返回右起第一个非空的栈顶元素,不存在则返回 -1。popAtStack 是移除并返回给定 index 位置的栈顶元素,不存在则返回 -1。题目的例子给了详细的解释,不难理解题意,但一定要将屏幕拉宽,让栈中的数字对齐,不然会产生疑惑,至少博主第一次看的时候产生了。既然是要有很多栈,那么可以把这些栈都放到一个数组中,栈本身可以用个 vector 来代替,所以这里就用个二维数组 stacks 就可以了。然后再来想这道题的难点是什么,对于 push 函数来说,要找到左起第一个未满的栈,怎么才能知道哪个栈未满呢,一个一个去遍历吗?未免太不高效了,最好这里能记录所有未满的栈的位置,所以这里用个 TreeSet 来记录,可以利用其自动排序的特点,则第一个元素一定是左起第一个栈,最后一个元素一定是右起第一个栈。首先来判定 openSt 是否为空,若为空,便是当前没有未满的栈,则需要新增一个空栈,将该新栈位置加入 openSt 中,并且 stacks 扩大一位。然后取出 openSt 的首元素,即为左起第一个未满的栈,将 val 加入其中。然后需要判断加入后该栈是否已经满了,是的话则从 openSt 中移除该位置。对于 pop 来说,这里可以直接调用 popAtStack 函数,传入 stacks 的末尾位置。对于 popAtStack 来说,首先要判断给定的 index 参数是否越界,若越界或者对应的栈为空,则直接返回 -1。否则取出对应的栈顶元素,然后将当前位置 index 加入 openSt,因为此时栈未满了。接下来有个很重要的操作,从右起移除所有为空的栈,不然下次调用 pop 后可能无法返回正确元素。用一个 while 循环,若右起第一个栈为空,则移除,同时将 openSt 中对应的位置也要移除,参见代码如下:


    class DinnerPlates {
    public:
        DinnerPlates(int capacity) {
            cap = capacity;
        }
        
        void push(int val) {
            if (openSt.empty()) {
                openSt.insert(stacks.size());
                stacks.resize(stacks.size() + 1);
            }
            stacks[*openSt.begin()].push_back(val);
            if (stacks[*openSt.begin()].size() == cap) {
                openSt.erase(openSt.begin());
            }
        }
        
        int pop() {
            return popAtStack((int)stacks.size() - 1);
        }
        
        int popAtStack(int index) {
            if (index < 0 || index >= stacks.size() || stacks[index].empty()) {
                return -1;
            }
            int res = stacks[index].back();
            stacks[index].pop_back();
            openSt.insert(index);
            while (!stacks.empty() && stacks.back().empty()) {
                stacks.pop_back();
                openSt.erase(*openSt.rbegin());
            }
            return res;
        }
        
    private:
        vector<vector<int>> stacks;
        set<int> openSt;
        int cap;
    };
    

    Github 同步地址:

    https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/1172


    参考资料:

    https://leetcode.com/problems/dinner-plate-stacks/

    https://leetcode.com/problems/dinner-plate-stacks/discuss/366331/C%2B%2BPython-Two-Solutions

    https://leetcode.com/problems/dinner-plate-stacks/discuss/367554/Java-O(logn)-Operations-Using-List-and-TreeSet


    LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/15077484.html
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