• [LeetCode] 997. Find the Town Judge 找出小镇法官



    In a town, there are N people labelled from 1 to N.  There is a rumor that one of these people is secretly the town judge.

    If the town judge exists, then:

    1. The town judge trusts nobody.
    2. Everybody (except for the town judge) trusts the town judge.
    3. There is exactly one person that satisfies properties 1 and 2.

    You are given trust, an array of pairs trust[i] = [a, b] representing that the person labelled a trusts the person labelled b.

    If the town judge exists and can be identified, return the label of the town judge.  Otherwise, return -1.

    Example 1:

    Input: N = 2, trust = [[1,2]]
    Output: 2
    

    Example 2:

    Input: N = 3, trust = [[1,3],[2,3]]
    Output: 3
    

    Example 3:

    Input: N = 3, trust = [[1,3],[2,3],[3,1]]
    Output: -1
    

    Example 4:

    Input: N = 3, trust = [[1,2],[2,3]]
    Output: -1
    

    Example 5:

    Input: N = 4, trust = [[1,3],[1,4],[2,3],[2,4],[4,3]]
    Output: 3
    

    Constraints:

    • 1 <= N <= 1000
    • 0 <= trust.length <= 10^4
    • trust[i].length == 2
    • trust[i] are all different
    • trust[i][0] != trust[i][1]
    • 1 <= trust[i][0], trust[i][1] <= N

    这道题是说是有N个人,里面有一个小镇法官,要求是法官不相信任何人,而其他所有人都信任法官,现在让我们找出这个法官,不存在的话返回 -1。跟之前那道
    Find the Celebrity 非常相似,那道题是所有人都认识名人,但是名人不认识任何人。而这里是法官不相信人任何人,而所有人都相信法官,不同的是在于给的数据结构不同,名人那道是给了个 API 判断是否认识,而这里给了个信任数组,那么解法就稍有不同了。由于信任是有方向的,所以是一个有向图,因为法官不相信任何人,所以其没有出度,而所有人都信任他,则入度满值。最简单直接的方法就是统计每个结点的出度和入度,然后找出那个出度为0,入度为 N-1 的结点即可,参见代码如下:


    解法一:

    class Solution {
    public:
        int findJudge(int N, vector<vector<int>>& trust) {
    		vector<int> in(N + 1), out(N + 1);
    		for (auto a : trust) {
    			++out[a[0]];
    			++in[a[1]];
    		}
    		for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
    			if (in[i] == N - 1 && out[i] == 0) return i;
    		}
    		return -1;
        }
    };
    

    若没有想出有向图出度和入度的解法,也可以使用下面这种方法,思路是这样的,由于法官是不会相信任何人的,所以前一个位置的人肯定不是法官,则用一个 HashSet 来保存所有会相信别人的人,然后再用一个 HashMap 来建立某个人和信任该人的所有人的集合,那么只要找出不在 HashSet 中的人,且有 N-1 个人信任他,则该人一定是法官,其实本质上跟上面的解法还是一样的,参见代码如下:


    解法二:

    class Solution {
    public:
        int findJudge(int N, vector<vector<int>>& trust) {
            unordered_set<int> st;
            unordered_map<int, vector<int>> beTrustedMap;
            for (auto &a : trust) {
                st.insert(a[0]);
                beTrustedMap[a[1]].push_back(a[0]);
            }
            for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i) {
                if (st.count(i)) continue;
                if (beTrustedMap[i].size() == N - 1) return i;
            }
            return -1;
        }
    };
    

    Github 同步地址:

    https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/997


    类似题目:

    Find the Celebrity


    参考资料:

    https://leetcode.com/problems/find-the-town-judge/

    https://leetcode.com/problems/find-the-town-judge/discuss/242938/JavaC%2B%2BPython-Directed-Graph


    LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/grandyang/p/14266404.html
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