-
要使用Dictionary集合,需要导入C#泛型命名空间
System.Collections.Generic(程序集:mscorlib)
-
Dictionary的描述
1、从一组键(Key)到一组值(Value)的映射,每一个添加项都是由一个值及其相关连的键组成
2、任何键都必须是唯一的
3、键不能为空引用null(VB中的Nothing),若值为引用类型,则可以为空值
4、Key和Value可以是任何类型(string,int,custom class 等)
-
Dictionary常用用法:以 key 的类型为 int , value的类型为string 为例
1、创建及初始化
Dictionary<int,string>myDictionary=newDictionary<int,string>();
2、添加元素
myDictionary.Add(1,"C#");
myDictionary.Add(2,"C++");
myDictionary.Add(3,"ASP.NET");
myDictionary.Add(4,"MVC");
3、通过Key查找元素
if(myDictionary.ContainsKey(1))
{
Console.WriteLine("Key:{0},Value:{1}","1", myDictionary[1]);
}
4、通过KeyValuePair遍历元素
foreach(KeyValuePair<int,string>kvp in myDictionary)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}, Value = {1}",kvp.Key, kvp.Value);
}
5、仅遍历键 Keys 属性
Dictionary<int,string>.KeyCollection keyCol=myDictionary.Keys;
foreach(intkeyinkeyCol)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Key = {0}", key);
}
6、仅遍历值 Valus属性
Dictionary<int,string>.ValueCollection valueCol=myDictionary.Values;
foreach(stringvalueinvalueCol)
...{
Console.WriteLine("Value = {0}", value);
}
7、通过Remove方法移除指定的键值
myDictionary.Remove(1);
if(myDictionary.ContainsKey(1))
...{
Console.WriteLine("Key:{0},Value:{1}","1", myDictionary[1]);
}
else
{
Console.WriteLine("不存在 Key : 1");
}
-
其它常见属性和方法的说明:
Comparer: 获取用于确定字典中的键是否相等的 IEqualityComparer。
Count: 获取包含在 Dictionary中的键/值对的数目。
Item: 获取或设置与指定的键相关联的值。
Keys: 获取包含 Dictionary中的键的集合。
Values: 获取包含 Dictionary中的值的集合。
Add: 将指定的键和值添加到字典中。
Clear: 从 Dictionary中移除所有的键和值。
ContainsKey: 确定 Dictionary是否包含指定的键。
ContainsValue: 确定 Dictionary是否包含特定值。
GetEnumerator: 返回循环访问 Dictionary的枚举数。
GetType: 获取当前实例的 Type。 (从 Object 继承。)
Remove: 从 Dictionary中移除所指定的键的值。
ToString: 返回表示当前 Object的 String。 (从 Object 继承。)
TryGetValue: 获取与指定的键相关联的值。
1、用法1: 常规用
增加键值对之前需要判断是否存在该键,如果已经存在该键而且不判断,将抛出异常。所以这样每次都要进行判断,很麻烦,在备注里使用了一个扩展方法
public static void DicSample1() { Dictionary<String, String> pList = new Dictionary<String, String>(); try { if (pList.ContainsKey( "Item1" ) == false ) { pList.Add( "Item1" , "ZheJiang" ); } if (pList.ContainsKey( "Item2" )== false ) { pList.Add( "Item2" , "ShangHai" ); } else { pList[ "Item2" ] = "ShangHai" ; } if (pList.ContainsKey( "Item3" ) == false ) { pList.Add( "Item3" , "BeiJiang" ); } } catch (System.Exception e) { Console.WriteLine( "Error: {0}" , e.Message); } //判断是否存在相应的key并显示 if (pList.ContainsKey( "Item1" )) { Console.WriteLine( "Output: " + pList[ "Item1" ]); } //遍历Key foreach ( var key in pList.Keys) { Console.WriteLine( "Output Key: {0}" , key); } //遍历Value foreach (String value in pList.Values) { Console.WriteLine( "Output Value: {0}" , value); } //遍历Key和Value foreach ( var dic in pList) { Console.WriteLine( "Output Key : {0}, Value : {1} " , dic.Key, dic.Value); } } |
2、用法2:Dictionary的Value为一个数组
/// <summary> /// Dictionary的Value为一个数组 /// </summary> public static void DicSample2() { Dictionary<String, String[]> dic = new Dictionary<String, String[]>(); String[] ZheJiang = { "Huzhou" , "HangZhou" , "TaiZhou" }; String[] ShangHai = { "Budong" , "Buxi" }; dic.Add( "ZJ" , ZheJiang); dic.Add( "SH" , ShangHai); Console.WriteLine( "Output :" + dic[ "ZJ" ][0]); } |
3、用法3: Dictionary的Value为一个类
//Dictionary的Value为一个类 public static void DicSample3() { Dictionary<String, Student> stuList = new Dictionary<String, Student>(); Student stu = null ; for ( int i = 0; i < 3; i++ ) { stu = new Student(); stu.Name = i.ToString(); stu.Name = "StuName" + i.ToString(); stuList.Add(i.ToString(), stu); } foreach ( var student in stuList) { Console.WriteLine( "Output : Key {0}, Num : {1}, Name {2}" , student.Key, student.Value.Name, student.Value.Name); } } |
Student类:
public class Student { public String Num { get ; set ; } public String Name { get ; set ; } } |
4 备注:Dictionary的扩展方法使用
/// <summary> /// Dictionary的扩展方法使用 /// </summary> public static void DicSample4() { //1)普通调用 Dictionary< int , String> dict = new Dictionary< int , String>(); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.TryAdd(dict, 1, "ZhangSan" ); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.TryAdd(dict, 2, "WangWu" ); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.AddOrPeplace(dict, 3, "WangWu" ); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.AddOrPeplace(dict, 3, "ZhangWu" ); DictionaryExtensionMethodClass.TryAdd(dict, 2, "LiSi" ); //2)TryAdd 和 AddOrReplace 这两个方法具有较强自我描述能力,用起来很省心,而且也简单: dict.AddOrPeplace(20, "Orange" ); dict.TryAdd(21, "Banana" ); dict.TryAdd(22, "apple" ); //3)像Linq或jQuery一样连起来写 dict.TryAdd(10, "Bob" ) .TryAdd(11, "Tom" ) .AddOrPeplace(12, "Jom" ); //4) 获取值 String F = "Ba" ; dict.TryGetValue(31, out F); Console.WriteLine( "F : {0}" ,F); foreach ( var dic in dict) { Console.WriteLine( "Output : Key : {0}, Value : {1}" , dic.Key, dic.Value); } //5)下面是使用GetValue获取值 var v1 = dict.GetValue(111, null ); var v2 = dict.GetValue(10, "abc" ); //6)批量添加 var dict1 = new Dictionary< int , int >(); dict1.AddOrPeplace(3, 3); dict1.AddOrPeplace(5, 5); var dict2 = new Dictionary< int , int >(); dict2.AddOrPeplace(1, 1); dict2.AddOrPeplace(4, 4); dict2.AddRange(dict1, false ); } |
扩展方法所在的类
public static class DictionaryExtensionMethodClass { /// <summary> /// 尝试将键和值添加到字典中:如果不存在,才添加;存在,不添加也不抛导常 /// </summary> public static Dictionary<TKey, TValue> TryAdd<TKey, TValue>( this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, TKey key, TValue value) { if (dict.ContainsKey(key) == false ) dict.Add(key, value); return dict; } /// <summary> /// 将键和值添加或替换到字典中:如果不存在,则添加;存在,则替换 /// </summary> public static Dictionary<TKey, TValue> AddOrPeplace<TKey, TValue>( this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, TKey key, TValue value) { dict[key] = value; return dict; } /// <summary> /// 获取与指定的键相关联的值,如果没有则返回输入的默认值 /// </summary> public static TValue GetValue<TKey, TValue>( this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, TKey key, TValue defaultValue) { return dict.ContainsKey(key)?dict[key] : defaultValue; } /// <summary> /// 向字典中批量添加键值对 /// </summary> /// <param name="replaceExisted">如果已存在,是否替换</param> public static Dictionary<TKey, TValue> AddRange<TKey, TValue>( this Dictionary<TKey, TValue> dict, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>> values, bool replaceExisted) { foreach ( var item in values) { if (dict.ContainsKey(item.Key) == false || replaceExisted) dict[item.Key] = item.Value; } return dict; } } |