读后感
- 介绍了volatile实现可见性的基本原理
- 介绍了volatile不能实现原子性的示例,volatile复合操作不能实现原子性,读取值后在自增前改值可能被其它线程读取并修改,自增后刷新值可能会覆盖其它线程修改后的值
- 介绍了实现原子性的三种方法及示例
- synchronized 修饰对象
- ReentrantLock 使用lock()、unlock()加锁解锁,比synchronized功能更多,JDK6后性能和synchronized差不多
- AtomicInteger 使用乐观锁
volatile关键字:
- 能够保证volatile变量的可见性
- 不能保证volatile变量复合操作的原子性
volatile如何实现内存可见性:
深入来说:通过加入内存屏障和禁止重排序优化来实现的。
- 对volatile变量执行写操作时,会在写操作后加入一条store屏障指令
- 对volatile变量执行读操作时,会在读操作前加入一条load屏障指令
通俗地讲:volatile变量在每次被线程访问时,都强迫从主内存中重读该变量的值,而当该变量发生变化时,又会强迫线程将最新的值刷新到主内存。这样任何时刻,不同的线程总能看到该变量的最新值。
线程写volatile变量的过程:
- 改变线程工作内存中volatile变量副本的值
- 将改变后的副本的值从工作内存刷新到主内存
线程读volatile变量的过程:
- 从主内存中读取volatile变量的最新值到线程的工作内存中
- 从工作内存中读取volatile变量的副本
volatile不能保证volatile变量复合操作的原子性:
- private int number = 0;
- number++; //不是原子操作
它分为三步:
读取number的值
将number的值加1
写入最新的number的值
保证number自增操作的原子性:
- 使用synchronized关键字
- 使用ReentrantLock
- 使用AtomicInteger
使用synchronized关键字
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- /**
- * @author InJavaWeTrust
- */
- public class TestSyn implements Runnable {
- private int number = 0;
- public int getNumber() {
- return this.number;
- }
- public void run() {
- increase();
- }
- public void increase() {
- synchronized (this) {
- this.number++;
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1000);
- TestSyn syn = new TestSyn();
- for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
- exec.submit(syn);
- }
- System.out.println("number : " + syn.getNumber());
- exec.shutdown();
- }
- }
使用ReentrantLock
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
- import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
- /**
- * @author InJavaWeTrust
- */
- public class TestRee implements Runnable {
- private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
- private int number = 0;
- public int getNumber() {
- return this.number;
- }
- public void run() {
- increase();
- }
- public void increase() {
- lock.lock();
- try {
- this.number++;
- } finally {
- lock.unlock();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- TestRee ree = new TestRee();
- ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1000);
- for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
- exec.submit(ree);
- }
- System.out.println("number : " + ree.getNumber());
- exec.shutdown();
- }
- }
使用AtomicInteger
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
- /**
- * @author InJavaWeTrust
- */
- public class TestAtomic implements Runnable {
- private static AtomicInteger number = new AtomicInteger(0);
- public void run() {
- increase();
- }
- public void increase() {
- number.getAndAdd(1);
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- TestAtomic ato = new TestAtomic();
- ExecutorService exec = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1000);
- for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
- exec.submit(ato);
- }
- System.out.println("number : " + number.get());
- exec.shutdown();
- }
- }