HTML5的新特性,用于双向推送消息(例如网页聊天,手机推送消息等)
原理:
- client利用regular http请求webpage
- 请求的webpage 执行javascript脚本,open a connection to server.
-
有新的信息时服务器和客户端可以相互发送信息(Real-time traffic from the server to the client and from the client to the server
客户端
说明:
readyState:
CONNECTING (0):表示还没建立连接;
OPEN (1): 已经建立连接,可以进行通讯;
CLOSING (2):通过关闭握手,正在关闭连接;
CLOSED (3):连接已经关闭或无法打开;
url: WebSocket 服务器的网络地址,协议通常是”ws”或“wss(加密通信)”,
事件:
- send:向服务器端发送数据
- close 方法就是关闭连接;
- onopen连接建立,即握手成功触发的事件;
- onmessage收到服务器消息时触发的事件;
- onerror异常触发的事件;
使用例子:
// 创建一个Socket实例 var socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080"); // 打开Socket socket.onopen = function(event) { // 发送一个初始化消息 socket.send("I am the client and I"m listening!"); // 监听消息 socket.onmessage = function(event) { console.log("Client received a message",event); }; // 监听Socket的关闭 socket.onclose = function(event) { console.log("Client notified socket has closed",event); }; // 关闭Socket.... //socket.close() };
服务器端
jWebSocket (Java)
web-socket-ruby (ruby)
Socket IO-node (node.js)
下面以socket.io说明,环境说明:(node.js安装见 http://www.cnblogs.com/wishyouhappy/p/3647037.html)
1. 安装socket.io
npm install -g socket.io
2.使用require引入http和socket.io
var http = require("http");
var io= require("socket.io");
3.创建server
var server = http.createServer(function(request, response){
response.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type":"text/html"});
response.write("WebSocket Start~~~~~~~~~~~~");
response.end("");
}).listen(8000);
4.监听
var socket= io.listen(server);
5.例子:
var http = require("http"); var io= require("socket.io"); var server = http.createServer(function(request, response){ response.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type":"text/html"}); response.write("WebSocket Start~~~~~~~~~~~~"); response.end(""); }).listen(8000); var socket= io.listen(server); // 添加一个连接监听器 socket.on("connection", function(client){ client.on("message",function(event){ console.log("Received message from client!",event); }); client.on("disconnect",function(){ clearInterval(interval); console.log("Server has disconnected"); }); });
数据发送两种方式send和emit
使用send和emit都可以发送数据,但是emit可以自定义事件,如下:
emit:
//服务器
socket.on("connection", function(client){
client.on("message",function(event){
client.emit("emitMessage", { hello: "messgge received, wish you happy"+new Date().toString() });
});
});
//客户端
socket.on("emitMessage",function(data) {
document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+=data.hello + "<br />";
});
send:
//服务器
socket.on("connection", function(client){
client.send("hello, I am the server");
});
//客户端
socket.on("message",function(data) {
document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+=data + "<br />";
});
实例:(socket.io)
客户端:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
<style>
div{
border-radius: 10px;
border: 2px solid pink;
800px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1></h1>
<div id="result"></div>
<script src="http://localhost:8000/socket.io/socket.io.js"></script>
<script>
//创建Socket.IO实例,建立连接
var socket = io.connect("http://localhost:8000");
// 添加一个连接监听器
socket.on("connect",function() {
console.log("Client has connected to the server!");
});
// 添加一个连接监听器
socket.on("message",function(data) {
document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+=data + "<br />";
});
socket.on("emitMessage",function(data) {
document.getElementById("result").innerHTML+=data.hello + "<br />";
});
// 添加一个关闭连接的监听器
socket.on("disconnect",function() {
console.log("The client has disconnected!");
});
// 通过Socket发送一条消息到服务器
function sendMessageToServer(message) {
socket.send(message);
}
var date = new Date();
var ms="Time: "+date.toString()+"Today is a nice day, wish you happy";
setInterval("sendMessageToServer(ms)",1000);
</script>
</body>
</html>
服务器:
var http = require("http");
var io= require("socket.io");
var server = http.createServer(function(request, response){
response.writeHead(200,{"Content-Type":"text/html"});
response.write("WebSocket Start~~~~~~~~~~~~");
response.end("");
}).listen(8000);
var socket= io.listen(server);
// 添加一个连接监听器
socket.on("connection", function(client){
client.on("message",function(event){
console.log("Received message from client!",event);
client.emit("emitMessage", { hello: "messgge received, wish you happy"+new Date().toString() });
});
client.on("disconnect",function(){
// clearInterval(interval);
console.log("Server has disconnected");
});
client.send("hello, I am the server");
});
结果:
客户端:
服务器端: