• MySQL Cluster 日常维护


    在前面几篇文章已经详细介绍了MySQL Cluster的搭建,配置讲解。而且相信大家都掌握了基本用法。现在我们来看看Cluster的日常维护。熟悉日常维护,将有助于工作中更好的管理和使用Cluster。

    一. 数据备份

    相信大家都熟悉mysql的日常备份工具,比如mysqldump对数据库进行逻辑备份。这个方法同样适用MySQL Cluster,备份方法和其他存储引擎一样,唯一的区别是在任意的SQL节点备份数据。我们来看一个例子。

    我这里在SQL节点192.168.0.70上面使用mysqldump备份test库:

    [root@192.168.0.70 ~]# mysqldump  --single-transaction --skip-comments test > /data/bak.sql
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t1`;
    /*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client     = @@character_set_client */;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 */;
    CREATE TABLE `t1` (
      `name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL
    ) ENGINE=ndbcluster DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1;
    /*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
    
    LOCK TABLES `t1` WRITE;
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` DISABLE KEYS */;
    INSERT INTO `t1` VALUES ('yayun'),('atlas');
    /*!40000 ALTER TABLE `t1` ENABLE KEYS */;
    UNLOCK TABLES;
    /*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

    可以看见导出的SQL和其他引擎没有区别,这里就不详细介绍了。我们重点介绍cluster的物理备份方法。还是以前面搭建的cluster环境为例子。当集群全部启动以后,进入管理节点执行start backup命令启动备份。输入?可以查看各种帮助选项。

    ndb_mgm> ?
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
     NDB Cluster -- Management Client -- Help
    ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HELP                                   Print help text
    HELP COMMAND                           Print detailed help for COMMAND(e.g. SHOW)
    SHOW                                   Print information about cluster
    CREATE NODEGROUP <id>,<id>...          Add a Nodegroup containing nodes
    DROP NODEGROUP <NG>                    Drop nodegroup with id NG
    START BACKUP [NOWAIT | WAIT STARTED | WAIT COMPLETED]
    START BACKUP [<backup id>] [NOWAIT | WAIT STARTED | WAIT COMPLETED]
    START BACKUP [<backup id>] [SNAPSHOTSTART | SNAPSHOTEND] [NOWAIT | WAIT STARTED | WAIT COMPLETED]
                                           Start backup (default WAIT COMPLETED,SNAPSHOTEND)
    ABORT BACKUP <backup id>               Abort backup
    SHUTDOWN                               Shutdown all processes in cluster
    CLUSTERLOG ON [<severity>] ...         Enable Cluster logging
    CLUSTERLOG OFF [<severity>] ...        Disable Cluster logging
    CLUSTERLOG TOGGLE [<severity>] ...     Toggle severity filter on/off
    CLUSTERLOG INFO                        Print cluster log information
    <id> START                             Start data node (started with -n)
    <id> RESTART [-n] [-i] [-a] [-f]       Restart data or management server node
    <id> STOP [-a] [-f]                    Stop data or management server node
    ENTER SINGLE USER MODE <id>            Enter single user mode
    EXIT SINGLE USER MODE                  Exit single user mode
    <id> STATUS                            Print status
    <id> CLUSTERLOG {<category>=<level>}+  Set log level for cluster log
    PURGE STALE SESSIONS                   Reset reserved nodeid's in the mgmt server
    CONNECT [<connectstring>]              Connect to management server (reconnect if already connected)
    <id> REPORT <report-type>              Display report for <report-type>
    QUIT                                   Quit management client
    
    <severity> = ALERT | CRITICAL | ERROR | WARNING | INFO | DEBUG
    <category> = STARTUP | SHUTDOWN | STATISTICS | CHECKPOINT | NODERESTART | CONNECTION | INFO | ERROR | CONGESTION | DEBUG | BACKUP | SCHEMA
    <level>    = 0 - 15
    <id>       = ALL | Any database node id
    
    For detailed help on COMMAND, use HELP COMMAND.
    ndb_mgm> 

    输入start backup启动备份,如下:

    ndb_mgm> START BACKUP
    Waiting for completed, this may take several minutes
    Node 2: Backup 1 started from node 1
    Node 2: Backup 1 started from node 1 completed
     StartGCP: 1232 StopGCP: 1235
     #Records: 2061 #LogRecords: 0
     Data: 51864 bytes Log: 0 bytes
    ndb_mgm> 

    在备份日志中,需要注意"Backup 1",它表示该备份的唯一ID,如果做第二次备份,备份ID会变成"Backup 2"。当日志中显示"Node 2: Backup 1 started from node 1 completed"时,本次备份结束。备份的数据保存在每个NDB(数据节点)下,具体的备份路径是$MYSQL_HOME/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-ID。这是默认的,我的数据放在/data/mysql-cluster/data/,所以备份也在该目录下面。上面的备份可以在两个数据节点都可以看到:

    [root@192.168.0.40 BACKUP-1]# pwd
    /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1
    [root@192.168.0.40 BACKUP-1]# ll
    total 48
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 25660 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1-0.3.Data
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14096 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1.3.ctl
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    52 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1.3.log
    [root@192.168.0.40 BACKUP-1]# 
    [root@192.168.0.50 BACKUP-1]# pwd
    /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1
    [root@192.168.0.50 BACKUP-1]# ll
    total 48
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26748 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1-0.2.Data
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14096 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1.2.ctl
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    52 Apr 16 22:24 BACKUP-1.2.log
    [root@192.168.0.50 BACKUP-1]# 

    大家或许发现了以上两个节点的备份文件名不一样,一个包含".2",另外一个包含".3",这个数字表明了此备份是哪个数据节点上的数据。下面清楚的显示了ID号。

    [ndbd(NDB)]     2 node(s)
    id=2    @192.168.0.50  (mysql-5.5.19 ndb-7.2.4, Nodegroup: 0, Master)
    id=3    @192.168.0.40  (mysql-5.5.19 ndb-7.2.4, Nodegroup: 0)

    对于大数据量的备份,MySQL Cluster还提供了几个备份的参数可供调整,这些参数需要写在config.ini的[NDBD DEFAULT]或者[NDBD]组中,对各参数的具体说明如下:

    (1)BackupDataBufferSize:将数据写入磁盘之前用于对数据进行缓冲处理的内存量。

    (2)BackupLogBufferSzie: 将日志记录写入磁盘之前用于对其进行缓冲处理的内存量。

    (3)BackupMemory:          在数据库节点中为备份分配的总内存。它应是分配给备份数据缓冲的内存和分配给日志缓冲的内存之和。

    (4)BackupWriteSize:        每次写入磁盘的块大小,适用于备份数据缓冲和备份日志缓冲。

    二. 数据恢复

    对于用"start backup" 进行备份的cluster,必须使用ndb_restore工具进行数据恢复。ndb_restore是mysql cluster带的管理工具,在shell中执行,而不是ndb_mgm工具中的一个命令。

    我们上面已经备份数据了,我们人为删除test库下面的表t1,然后恢复数据:

    mysql> drop table test.t1;
    Query OK, 1 row affected (0.64 sec)
    mysql
    >

    (1)在数据节点2(192.168.0.50)的shell命令中执行如下命令:

    [root@192.168.0.50 ~]# ndb_restore -b 1 -n 2 -c host=192.168.0.30:1186 -m -r /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
    Backup Id = 1
    Nodeid = 2
    backup path = /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
    Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1.2.ctl'
    File size 14096 bytes
    Backup version in files: ndb-6.3.11 ndb version: mysql-5.5.19 ndb-7.2.4
    Stop GCP of Backup: 1234
    Connected to ndb!!
    Successfully restored table `test/def/t1`
    Successfully restored table event REPL$test/t1
    Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1-0.2.Data'
    File size 26748 bytes
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/NDB$BLOB_7_3(8) fragment 0
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_index_stat_sample(5) fragment 0
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: sys/def/NDB$EVENTS_0(3) fragment 0
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_apply_status(9) fragment 0
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_index_stat_head(4) fragment 0
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: test/def/t1(10) fragment 0
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: sys/def/SYSTAB_0(2) fragment 0
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_schema(7) fragment 0
    Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1.2.log'
    File size 52 bytes
    Restored 1 tuples and 0 log entries
    
    NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK
    
    [root@192.168.0.50 ~]# 

    其中命令行中的各参数意义如下:

    参数                    说明
    -b                      备份id
    -n                      NDB节点id
    -m                      恢复表定义
    -r                      备份路径
    -c                      cluster管理节点连接

    因为是第一个节点恢复,所以需要加参数-m来恢复表定义,这样在其他节点恢复时就不需要再加该参数,否则会报如下错误:

    Unable to find table: `t1`
    Restore: Failed to restore table: `test/def/t1` ... Exiting 

    (2)在节点3(192.168.0.40)再进行恢复:

    [root@192.168.0.40 ~]# ndb_restore -b 1 -n 3 -c host=192.168.0.30:1186 -r /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/    
    Backup Id = 1
    Nodeid = 3
    backup path = /data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
    Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1.3.ctl'
    File size 14096 bytes
    Backup version in files: ndb-6.3.11 ndb version: mysql-5.5.19 ndb-7.2.4
    Stop GCP of Backup: 1234
    Connected to ndb!!
    Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1-0.3.Data'
    File size 25660 bytes
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/NDB$BLOB_7_3(8) fragment 1
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_index_stat_sample(5) fragment 1
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: sys/def/NDB$EVENTS_0(3) fragment 1
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_apply_status(9) fragment 1
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_index_stat_head(4) fragment 1
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: test/def/t1(10) fragment 1
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: sys/def/SYSTAB_0(2) fragment 1
    _____________________________________________________
    Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_schema(7) fragment 1
    Opening file '/data/mysql-cluster/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/BACKUP-1.3.log'
    File size 52 bytes
    Restored 1 tuples and 0 log entries
    
    NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK
    
    [root@192.168.0.40 ~]# 

    (4)查看数据是否恢复(任意SQL节点,这里选择192.168.0.70):

    mysql> select * from t1;
    +-------+
    | name  |
    +-------+
    | yayun |
    | atlas |
    +-------+
    2 rows in set (0.05 sec)
    
    mysql> 

    此时数据已经恢复正常。

    三 .日志管理

    MySQL Cluster提供了两种日志,分别是集群日志(cluster log)和节点日志(node log)。前者记录了所有Cluster节点生成的日志,后者仅仅记录了数据节点的本地事件。在大多数情况下,一般推荐使用集群日志,因为它在一个地方记录了所有节点的数据,更方便进行管理。节点日志一般在开发过程中使用,或者用来调试程序代码。

    clusterlog一般记录在配置文件(config.ini)所在的目录下,文件名格式为ndb_<nodeid>_cluster.log,其中nodeid为管理节点号。

    下面是测试环境中的一段clusterlog:

    [root@192.168.0.30 mysql-cluster]# tail -n 10 ndb_1_cluster.log 
     #Tablespaces: 0 #Logfilegroups: 0 #datafiles: 0 #undofiles: 0
    2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 6: Restore data: backup 3 from node 3 #Records: 3201 Data: 44814 bytes
    2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 6: Restore log: backup 3 from node 3 #Records: 0 Data: 0 bytes
    2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 6: Restore completed: backup 3 from node 3
    2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] ALERT    -- Node 2: Node 6 Disconnected
    2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 2: Communication to Node 6 closed
    2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 3: Communication to Node 6 closed
    2014-04-16 23:21:48 [MgmtSrvr] ALERT    -- Node 3: Node 6 Disconnected
    2014-04-16 23:21:51 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 3: Communication to Node 6 opened
    2014-04-16 23:21:52 [MgmtSrvr] INFO     -- Node 2: Communication to Node 6 opened
    [root@192.168.0.30 mysql-cluster]# 

    可以使用ndb_mgm客户端管理工具打开或者关闭日志,具体操作如下:

    [root@192.168.0.30 ~]# ndb_mgm
    -- NDB Cluster -- Management Client --
    ndb_mgm> clusterlog info
    Connected to Management Server at: localhost:1186
    Severities enabled: INFO WARNING ERROR CRITICAL ALERT 
    ndb_mgm> 

    当前日志是打开的,可以用clusterlog off命令关闭日志:

    ndb_mgm> clusterlog off
    Cluster logging is disabled
    ndb_mgm> 

    查看日志状态发现已关闭:

    ndb_mgm> clusterlog info
    Cluster logging is disabled.
    ndb_mgm> 

    执行命令clusterlog on将日志打开:

    ndb_mgm> clusterlog on
    Cluster logging is enabled.
    ndb_mgm> clusterlog info
    Severities enabled: INFO WARNING ERROR CRITICAL ALERT 
    ndb_mgm> 

    cluster中的日志有很多类型,可以按照如下类别进行过滤,使得日志只记录我们关心的信息。

    (1)Category(类别):可以是STARTUP,SHUTDOWN,STATISTICS,CHECKPOINT,NODERESTART,CONNECTION,ERROR或者INFO中的任意值。具体的信息大家可以查阅mysql相关文档。

    (2)Priority(优先级):由从1-15的数字表示,1表示最重要,而15表示最不重要。每种Category都有一个 默认的优先级阀值,如下面所示,优先级阀值以下的日志将被记录,反之,优先级阀值以上的日志将不会被记录。

    类别            默认阀值(所有数据节点)
    STARTUP                 7
    SHUTDOWN                7
    STATISTICS              7
    CHECKPOINT              7
    NODERESTART             7
    CONNECTION              7
    ERROR                   15
    INFO                    7

    (3)Severity Level(严重级别):可以是下面的值之一,ALERT,CRITICAL,ERROR,WARNING,INFO或DEBUG。这些值的含义如下:

    严重级别                        事件定义
    ALERT                   应立刻更正的情况,如损坏的系统数据库
    CRITICAL                临界状况,如设备错误或资源不足
    ERROR                   应予以更正的状况,如配置错误
    WARNING                 不能称为错误的情况,但仍需要特别处理
    INFO                    通报性信息
    DEBUG                   调试信息,用于NDB Cluster开发

    这3种分类可以让我们从3个不同的角度来对日志进行过滤。过滤的方法可以用ndb_mgm工具来完成,具体设置方法如下。

    (1)node_id CLUSTERLOG category=threshold:用于小于等于threshold的优先级将category事件记录到cluster日志。node_id可以为ALL(所有节点)。或者只指定某个节点。

    (2)CLUSTERLOG TOGGLE severity_level:使得指定的severity_level打开或者关闭。

    例如,要将测试环境中的节点2的STARTUP事件只记录级别为3以下的日志,可以进入ndb_mgm后执行命令:

    ndb_mgm> 2 clusterlog startup=3
    Executing CLUSTERLOG STARTUP=3 on node 2 OK!
    
    ndb_mgm> 

    如果要在cluster中过滤掉DEBUG和INFO信息,可以执行如下命令:

    ndb_mgm> clusterlog toggle debug info
    DEBUG enabled
    INFO disabled
    ndb_mgm> 

    然后查看日志状态,发现DEBUG和INFO信息已经不存在了。

    ndb_mgm> clusterlog info
    Severities enabled: DEBUG WARNING ERROR CRITICAL ALERT 
    ndb_mgm> 

    总结:

    通过几天学习,对mysql cluster有了初步了解,后续还会进一步的学习,虽然目前企业应用的并不多。我相信在将来一定会完善。功能会越来越强大。详细的参考还请大家阅读mysql的官方文档。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gomysql/p/3669573.html
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