• WPF之DataTemplate


    DataTemplate顾名思义,就是数据模板,用来指定数据的表现形式。这对于ItemsControl类的控件尤其有用,可以改变列表项的外观,更具有表现能力。

    例如

    View Code
    <Grid>
        <Grid.Resources>
            <src:Customers x:Key="customers"/>
        </Grid.Resources>
    
        <ListBox ItemsSource="{StaticResource customers}" Width="350" Margin="0,5,0,10">
            <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                        <TextBlock Padding="5,0,5,0"
              Text="{Binding FirstName}" />
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding LastName}" />
                        <TextBlock Text=", " />
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Address}" />
                    </StackPanel>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
        </ListBox>
    </Grid>

    上例中通过指定ListBox.ItemTemplate属性来定义子项的显示格式,如果不是列表项,可以通过控件的ContentTemplate属性来指定应用哪个数据模板。

    使用起来比较简单,大概分为三步:

    1.如果有些属性不是可以直接使用,需要转换的,写转换器,实现IValueConverter接口

    2.定义好转换器之后,需要实例化,指定给需要的绑定

    3.定义模板,也就是需要的显示格式

    4.应用模板,把定义好的模板指定到目标控件的ContentTemplate或者ItemTemplate

    看一个完整的例子

    1.用来封装的实体类和转换器

    View Code
    class Car
        {
            public string Automaker { get; set; }
            public string Name { get; set; }
            public string Year { get; set; }
            public string TopSpeed { get; set; }
        }
    
        //厂商名称转化为Logo图片
        public class AutomakerToLogoPathConverter:IValueConverter
        {
            
            public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
            {
                string uriStr = string.Format(@"images/{0}.jpg",value.ToString());
                return new BitmapImage(new Uri(uriStr, UriKind.Relative));
            }
    
            public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
            {
                throw new NotImplementedException();
            }
        }
    
        //汽车名称转化为图像
        public class NameToPhotoPathConverter : IValueConverter
        {
            public object Convert(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
            {
                string uriStr = string.Format(@"images/{0}.jpg", value.ToString());
                return new BitmapImage(new Uri(uriStr, UriKind.Relative));
            }
    
            public object ConvertBack(object value, Type targetType, object parameter, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture)
            {
                throw new NotImplementedException();
            }
        }

    2.模板及窗体

    View Code
    <Window x:Class="TempaletPractise.MainWindow"
            xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
            xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
            xmlns:local="clr-namespace:TempaletPractise"
            Title="汽车展览" Height="350" Width="623">
        <Window.Resources>
            <!--Converter-->
            <local:AutomakerToLogoPathConverter x:Key="a2l"></local:AutomakerToLogoPathConverter>
            <local:NameToPhotoPathConverter x:Key="n2p"></local:NameToPhotoPathConverter>
            
            <!--Data Template for Detail View-->
            <DataTemplate x:Key="carDetailViewTemplate">
                <Border BorderBrush="Black" BorderThickness="1" CornerRadius="6">
                    <StackPanel Margin="5">
                        <Image Width="400" Height="250" Source="{Binding Name, Converter={StaticResource n2p}}"></Image>
                        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5,0">
                            <TextBlock Text="Name:" FontWeight="Bold" FontSize="20"></TextBlock>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="20" Margin="5,0"></TextBlock>
                        </StackPanel>
                        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5,0">
                            <TextBlock Text="Automaker" FontWeight="Bold"></TextBlock>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Automaker}"  Margin="5,0"></TextBlock>
                            <TextBlock Text="Year" FontWeight="Bold"></TextBlock>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Year}" Margin="5,0"></TextBlock>
                            <TextBlock Text="Top Speed" FontWeight="Bold"></TextBlock>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding TopSpeed}"  Margin="5,0"></TextBlock>
                        </StackPanel>
                    </StackPanel>
                </Border>
            </DataTemplate>
            
            <!--DataTemplate for Item View-->
            <DataTemplate x:Key="carListItemViewTemplate">
                <Grid Margin="2">
                    <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal">
                        <Image Source="{Binding Automaker,Converter={StaticResource a2l}}" 
                               Grid.RowSpan="3" Width="64" Height="64"></Image>
                        <StackPanel Margin="5,0">
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" FontSize="16" FontWeight="Bold"></TextBlock>
                            <TextBlock Text="{Binding Year}" FontSize="14"></TextBlock>
                        </StackPanel>
                    </StackPanel>
                </Grid>
            </DataTemplate>
        </Window.Resources>
        <!--窗体的内容-->
        <StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Margin="5">
            <UserControl ContentTemplate="{StaticResource carDetailViewTemplate}"
                          Content="{Binding SelectedItem, ElementName=listBoxCars}"></UserControl>
            <ListBox x:Name="listBoxCars" Width="180" Margin="5,0" ItemTemplate="{StaticResource carListItemViewTemplate}"></ListBox>
        </StackPanel>
    </Window>

    3.指定数据源

    View Code
    private void InitialCarList()
            {
                List<Car> cars = new List<Car>()
                {
                    new Car(){ Automaker="CADILLAC",Name="CADILLAC1",Year="1990",TopSpeed="340"},
                    new Car(){ Automaker="Ferrari",Name="Ferrari1",Year="1991",TopSpeed="350"},
                    new Car(){ Automaker="LAMBORGHINI",Name="LAMBORGHINI1",Year="1992",TopSpeed="360"},
                    new Car(){ Automaker="PORSCHE",Name="PORSCHE1",Year="1993",TopSpeed="370"}
                };
    
                this.listBoxCars.ItemsSource = cars;
            }

    参考 MSDN 《深入浅出WPF》第11章

    ps.今天看到园子编辑推荐的一则新闻,Silverlight开始边缘化,从官方就开始不推了,不知道WPF的命运会怎样,在微软的大船上,只能跟着起伏,不过今天能从ASP.NET转WPF,明天也能从WPF转其他技术,我们从来就不怕这个,毕竟我们学过,想过,用过,他帮助过我们,每种技术都代表了一种思想,技术可以没落,思想却沉淀下来了。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/goldren/p/2811042.html
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