一. Form
#功能: # - 对用户提交的数据进行验证 # - 保留上次输入内容 # - 生成HTML标签
#创建Form类时,主要涉及到 字段 和 插件 # - 字段用于对用户请求数据的验证 # - 插件用于自动生成HTML
二. Form 内置字段
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
Field required=True, 是否允许为空 widget=None, HTML插件 label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容 initial=None, 初始值 help_text='', 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示) error_messages=None, 错误信息 {'required': '不能为空', 'invalid': '格式错误'} show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件(可用于检验两次输入是否一直) validators=[], 自定义验证规则 localize=False, 是否支持本地化 disabled=False, 是否可以编辑 label_suffix=None Label内容后缀 CharField(Field) max_length=None, 最大长度 min_length=None, 最小长度 strip=True 是否移除用户输入空白 IntegerField(Field) max_value=None, 最大值 min_value=None, 最小值 FloatField(IntegerField) ... DecimalField(IntegerField) max_value=None, 最大值 min_value=None, 最小值 max_digits=None, 总长度 decimal_places=None, 小数位长度 BaseTemporalField(Field) input_formats=None 时间格式化 DateField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:2015-09-01 TimeField(BaseTemporalField) 格式:11:12 DateTimeField(BaseTemporalField)格式:2015-09-01 11:12 DurationField(Field) 时间间隔:%d %H:%M:%S.%f ... RegexField(CharField) regex, 自定制正则表达式 max_length=None, 最大长度 min_length=None, 最小长度 error_message=None, 忽略,错误信息使用 error_messages={'invalid': '...'} EmailField(CharField) ... FileField(Field) allow_empty_file=False 是否允许空文件 ImageField(FileField) ... 注:需要PIL模块,pip3 install Pillow 以上两个字典使用时,需要注意两点: - form表单中 enctype="multipart/form-data" - view函数中 obj = MyForm(request.POST, request.FILES) URLField(Field) ... BooleanField(Field) ... NullBooleanField(BooleanField) ... ChoiceField(Field) ... choices=(), 选项,如:choices = ((0,'上海'),(1,'北京'),) required=True, 是否必填 widget=None, 插件,默认select插件 label=None, Label内容 initial=None, 初始值 help_text='', 帮助提示 ModelChoiceField(ChoiceField) ... django.forms.models.ModelChoiceField queryset, # 查询数据库中的数据 empty_label="---------", # 默认空显示内容 to_field_name=None, # HTML中value的值对应的字段 limit_choices_to=None # ModelForm中对queryset二次筛选 ModelMultipleChoiceField(ModelChoiceField) ... django.forms.models.ModelMultipleChoiceField TypedChoiceField(ChoiceField) coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的值进行一次转换 empty_value= '' 空值的默认值 MultipleChoiceField(ChoiceField) ... TypedMultipleChoiceField(MultipleChoiceField) coerce = lambda val: val 对选中的每一个值进行一次转换 empty_value= '' 空值的默认值 ComboField(Field) fields=() 使用多个验证,如下:即验证最大长度20,又验证邮箱格式 fields.ComboField(fields=[fields.CharField(max_length=20), fields.EmailField(),]) MultiValueField(Field) PS: 抽象类,子类中可以实现聚合多个字典去匹配一个值,要配合MultiWidget使用 SplitDateTimeField(MultiValueField) input_date_formats=None, 格式列表:['%Y--%m--%d', '%m%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y'] input_time_formats=None 格式列表:['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M'] FilePathField(ChoiceField) 文件选项,目录下文件显示在页面中 path, 文件夹路径 match=None, 正则匹配 recursive=False, 递归下面的文件夹 allow_files=True, 允许文件 allow_folders=False, 允许文件夹 required=True, widget=None, label=None, initial=None, help_text='' GenericIPAddressField protocol='both', both,ipv4,ipv6支持的IP格式 unpack_ipv4=False 解析ipv4地址,如果是::ffff:192.0.2.1时候,可解析为192.0.2.1, PS:protocol必须为both才能启用 SlugField(CharField) 数字,字母,下划线,减号(连字符) ... UUIDField(CharField) uuid类型 ...
a. 字段分类:
1. 验证
#required #error_messages
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
class TestForm(Form): t1 = fields.CharField( required=True, max_length=8, min_length=2, error_messages={ "required":"不能为空", "max_length":"太长", "min_length":"太短", } ) t2 = fields.IntegerField( min_value=10, max_value=1000, error_messages={ "required": "t2不能为空", "invalid":"t2格式错误,必须是数字", "min_value":"必须大于10", "max_value":"必须小于1000", } ) t3 = fields.EmailField( error_messages={ "required": "t3不能为空", "invalid": "t3格式错误,必须是邮箱格式", } ) t4 = fields.URLField() t5 = fields.SlugField() t6 = fields.GenericIPAddressField() t7 = fields.DateField() t8 = fields.DateTimeField() t9 = fields.RegexField("139d+")
2. 生成html标签
Field widget=None, HTML插件 label=None, 用于生成Label标签或显示内容 initial=None, 初始值 help_text='', 帮助信息(在标签旁边显示) show_hidden_initial=False, 是否在当前插件后面再加一个隐藏的且具有默认值的插件(可用于检验两次输入是否一直) disabled=False, 是否可以编辑 label_suffix=None Label内容后缀
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
############# views.py class TestForm(Form): t1 = fields.CharField( label="用户名", label_suffix=":", #label内容后缀 前端写obj.as_p才显示 help_text="....", #提供帮助信息 initial="666", required=True, max_length=8, min_length=2, error_messages={ "required":"不能为空", "max_length":"太长", "min_length":"太短", } ) def test(request): if request.method == "GET": obj = TestForm() return render(request,"test.html",{"obj":obj}) else: obj = TestForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) else: print(obj.errors) return render(request, "test.html") #前端 html 两种方式显示 #方式一: <form action="/test/" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} {{ obj.t1.label }}{{ obj.t1.label_suffix }} {{ obj.t1 }}{{ obj.t1.help_text }} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> 方式二: <form action="/test/" method="POST"> {% csrf_token %} {{ obj.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form>
保留上次提交的内容:
#obj = TestForm() #obj.t1 <input type="text" name=t1/> #obj = TestForm(request.POST) #obj.t2 <input type="text" name=t1 values="xxx" />
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <form action="/test/" method="POST" novalidate> {% csrf_token %} <p> {{ obj.t1 }}{{ obj.errors.t1.0 }} </p> <p> {{ obj.t2 }}{{ obj.errors.t2.0 }} </p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form> </body> </html>
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse # Create your views here. from django.forms import Form,fields class TestForm(Form): t1 = fields.CharField(required=True,max_length=8,min_length=2, error_messages={ "required":"不能为空", "max_length":"太长", "min_length":"太短", } ) t2 = fields.EmailField() def test(request): if request.method == "GET": obj = TestForm() #没有参数,相当于去创建 #input等标签,<input type="text" name="t2">,没有value return render(request,"test.html",{"obj":obj}) else: obj = TestForm(request.POST) #取到数据 if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) else: print(obj.errors) return render(request, "test.html",{"obj":obj}) #<input type="text" name="t2" value="xx">
b. Form类参数验证:
#obj = xxForm({"title":"全栈一期"}) #默认第一个参数是data,要验证 #obj = xxForm(data = {"title":"全栈一期"}) #参数data要验证,有错误前端会提示 obj.errors.title.0 #obj = xxForm(request.POST) #request.POST默认是data = request.POST #obj = xxForm(initial = {"title":"全栈一期"}) #initial #不验证
三. Form 插件
a. Select框:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
#单选 cls_id = fields.IntegerField( # widget=widgets.Select(choices=[(1,'上海'),(2,'北京')]) widget=widgets.Select(choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title')) ) cls_id = fields.ChoiceField( choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'), widget=widgets.Select(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}) ) obj = FooForm({'cls_id':1}) #多选 xx = fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list('id','title'), widget=widgets.SelectMultiple ) obj = FooForm({'cls_id':[1,2,3]})
1. 修复编辑老师时,不能实时更新班级列表
方式一(推荐):
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
from django.forms import Form from django.forms import widgets from django.forms import fields from django.core.validators import RegexValidator class TeacherForm(Form): tname = fields.CharField(min_length=2) xx = fields.MultipleChoiceField( # choices=models.Classes.objects.values_list("id","title"), widget=widgets.SelectMultiple ) def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs): super(TeacherForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs) self.fields["xx"].choices =models.Classes.objects.values_list("id","title")
方式二:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
from django import forms from django.forms import fields from django.forms import widgets from django.forms import models as form_model from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from django.core.validators import RegexValidator class TeacherForm(Form): tname = fields.CharField(min_length=2) xx = form_model.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=models.Classes.objects.all()) # xx = form_model.ModelChoiceField(queryset=models.Classes.objects.all()) class Classes(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) def __str__(self): return self.title
b. checkbox:
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
class TestForm(Form): t1 = fields.CharField( widget=widgets.Textarea(attrs={}) ) #单选框 t2 = fields.CharField( widget=widgets.CheckboxInput ) #复选框 t3 = fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=[(1,"篮球"),(2,"足球"),(3,"溜溜球")], widget=widgets.CheckboxSelectMultiple ) def test(request): obj = TestForm(initial={"t3":[2,3]}) return render(request,"test.html",{"obj":obj})
c. radio
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
class TestForm(Form): t4 = fields.MultipleChoiceField( choices=[(1,"篮球"),(2,"足球"),(3,"溜溜球")], widget=widgets.RadioSelect ) t5 = fields.ChoiceField( choices=[(1,"篮球"),(2,"足球"),(3,"溜溜球")], widget=widgets.RadioSelect ) def test(request): obj = TestForm() return render(request,"test.html",{"obj":obj})
四. 提交方式
1. 两种提交方式:
提交方式: - Form提交(刷新,失去上次内容) - Ajax提交(不刷新,保留上次内容)
a. form提交
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^login/', views.login), ]
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title></title> </head> <body> <form method="POST" action="/login/"> {% csrf_token %} <p> 用户:<input type="text" name="username"/>{{ obj.errors.username.0 }} </p> <p> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"/>{{ obj.errors.password.0 }} </p> <input type="submit" value="提交" />{{ msg }} </form> </body> </html>
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.forms import Form from django.forms import fields class LoginForm(Form): # 正则验证: 不能为空,6-18 username = fields.CharField( max_length=18, min_length=6, required=True, error_messages={ 'required': '用户名不能为空', 'min_length': '太短了', 'max_length': '太长了', } ) # 正则验证: 不能为空,16+ password = fields.CharField(min_length=16,required=True) # email = fields.EmailField() # email = fields.GenericIPAddressField() # email = fields.IntegerField() def login(request): if request.method == "GET": return render(request,'login.html') else: obj = LoginForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): # 用户输入格式正确 print(obj.cleaned_data) # 字典类型 return redirect('http://www.baidu.com') else: # 用户输入格式错误 return render(request,'login.html',{'obj':obj}) Views.py
b. Ajax提交
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
urlpatterns = [ url(r'^ajax_login', views.ajax_login), ]
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h3>用户登录</h3> <form id="f1"> {% csrf_token %} <p> <input type="text" name="user">{{ obj.errors.user.0 }} </p> <p> <input type="password" name="pwd">{{ obj.errors.pwd.0 }} </p> <a onclick="Ajax_sublit()">提交</a> </form> <script src="/static/jquery-3.2.1.js"></script> <script> function Ajax_sublit() { $(".c1").remove(); $.ajax({ url:"/ajax_login/", type:"POST", data:$("#f1").serialize(), dataType:"JSON", success:function (arg) { console.log(arg); if(arg.staus){ }else { $.each(arg.msg,function (index,value) { console.log(index,value); var tag = document.createElement("span"); {# var tag = $("<span>");#} tag.innerHTML = value[0]; {# tag.HTML(value[0]);#} tag.className = "c1"; $("#f1").find('input[name="'+ index +'"]').after(tag); }) } } }) } </script> </body> </html>
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse # Create your views here. from django.forms import Form,fields class LoginForm(Form): user = fields.CharField(required=True) pwd = fields.CharField(min_length=6) def ajax_login(request): import json ret = {"status":True,"msg":None} if request.method == "GET": return render(request,"login.html") else: obj = LoginForm(request.POST) if obj.is_valid(): print(obj.cleaned_data) else: ret["status"] = False ret["msg"] = obj.errors v = json.dumps(ret) return HttpResponse(v)