java nio socket使用示例

这个示例,实现一个简单的C/S,客户端向服务器端发送消息,服务器将收到的消息打印到控制台，并将该消息返回给客户端，客户端再打印到控制台。现实的应用中需要定义发送数据使用的协议,以帮助服务器解析消息.本示例只是无差别的使用默认编码将收到的字节转换字符并打印。ByteBuffer的容量越小,对一条消息的处理次数就越多,容量大就可以在更少的循环次数内读完整个消息.所以真是的应用场景,要考虑适当的缓存大小以提高效率。

服务器端代码：

package nio;

import java.io.IOException; 
import java.net.InetSocketAddress; 
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.ClosedChannelException;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; 
import java.nio.channels.Selector; 
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel; 
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; 
import java.util.*; 
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; 
 
public class Server { 
    private Selector selector; 
    private ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);//调整缓存的大小可以看到打印输出的变化 
    private ByteBuffer sendBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);//调整缓存的大小可以看到打印输出的变化 
 
    String str;
    public void start() throws IOException {
        // 打开服务器套接字通道 
        ServerSocketChannel ssc = ServerSocketChannel.open(); 
        // 服务器配置为非阻塞 
        ssc.configureBlocking(false); 
        // 进行服务的绑定 
        ssc.bind(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8001)); 
        
        // 通过open()方法找到Selector
        selector = Selector.open(); 
        // 注册到selector，等待连接
        ssc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
        
        while (!Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted()) { 
            selector.select(); 
            Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys(); 
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator(); 
            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) { 
                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next(); 
                if (!key.isValid()) { 
                    continue; 
                } 
                if (key.isAcceptable()) { 
                    accept(key); 
                } else if (key.isReadable()) { 
                    read(key); 
                } else if (key.isWritable()) {
                    write(key);
                }
                keyIterator.remove(); //该事件已经处理，可以丢弃
            } 
        } 
    }

    private void write(SelectionKey key) throws IOException, ClosedChannelException {
        SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
        System.out.println("write:"+str);
        
        sendBuffer.clear();
        sendBuffer.put(str.getBytes());
        sendBuffer.flip();
        channel.write(sendBuffer);
        channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
    } 
 
    private void read(SelectionKey key) throws IOException { 
        SocketChannel socketChannel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); 
 
        // Clear out our read buffer so it's ready for new data 
        this.readBuffer.clear(); 
//        readBuffer.flip();
        // Attempt to read off the channel 
        int numRead; 
        try { 
            numRead = socketChannel.read(this.readBuffer); 
        } catch (IOException e) { 
            // The remote forcibly closed the connection, cancel 
            // the selection key and close the channel. 
            key.cancel(); 
            socketChannel.close(); 
            
            return; 
        } 
        
        str = new String(readBuffer.array(), 0, numRead);
        System.out.println(str);
        socketChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
    } 
 
    private void accept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException { 
        ServerSocketChannel ssc = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel(); 
        SocketChannel clientChannel = ssc.accept(); 
        clientChannel.configureBlocking(false); 
        clientChannel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ); 
        System.out.println("a new client connected "+clientChannel.getRemoteAddress()); 
    } 
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { 
        System.out.println("server started..."); 
        new Server().start(); 
    } 
} 

客户端代码：

package nio;

import java.io.IOException; 
import java.net.InetSocketAddress; 
import java.nio.ByteBuffer; 
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey; 
import java.nio.channels.Selector; 
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel; 
import java.util.Iterator; 
import java.util.Scanner; 
import java.util.Set; 
 
 
public class Client { 
 
    ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
    ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
    
    public void start() throws IOException { 
        // 打开socket通道  
        SocketChannel sc = SocketChannel.open(); 
        //设置为非阻塞
        sc.configureBlocking(false); 
        //连接服务器地址和端口
        sc.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8001)); 
        //打开选择器
        Selector selector = Selector.open(); 
        //注册连接服务器socket的动作
        sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT); 
        
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); 
        while (true) { 
            //选择一组键，其相应的通道已为 I/O 操作准备就绪。  
            //此方法执行处于阻塞模式的选择操作。
            selector.select();
            //返回此选择器的已选择键集。
            Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys(); 
            System.out.println("keys=" + keys.size()); 
            Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator(); 
            while (keyIterator.hasNext()) { 
                SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next(); 
                keyIterator.remove(); 
                // 判断此通道上是否正在进行连接操作。 
                if (key.isConnectable()) { 
                    sc.finishConnect(); 
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE); 
                    System.out.println("server connected..."); 
                    break; 
                } else if (key.isWritable()) { //写数据 
                    System.out.print("please input message:"); 
                    String message = scanner.nextLine(); 
                    //ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(message.getBytes()); 
                    writeBuffer.clear();
                    writeBuffer.put(message.getBytes());
                    //将缓冲区各标志复位,因为向里面put了数据标志被改变要想从中读取数据发向服务器,就要复位
                    writeBuffer.flip();
                    sc.write(writeBuffer); 
                    
                    //注册写操作,每个chanel只能注册一个操作，最后注册的一个生效
                    //如果你对不止一种事件感兴趣，那么可以用“位或”操作符将常量连接起来
                    //int interestSet = SelectionKey.OP_READ | SelectionKey.OP_WRITE;
                    //使用interest集合
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
                    
                } else if (key.isReadable()){//读取数据
                    System.out.print("receive message:");
                    SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
                    //将缓冲区清空以备下次读取 
                    readBuffer.clear();
                    int num = client.read(readBuffer);
                    System.out.println(new String(readBuffer.array(),0, num));
                    //注册读操作，下一次读取
                    sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
                }
            } 
        } 
    } 
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { 
        new Client().start(); 
    } 
}