NIO模型
NIO模型示例如下:
- Acceptor注册Selector,监听accept事件
- 当客户端连接后,触发accept事件
- 服务器构建对应的Channel,并在其上注册Selector,监听读写事件
- 当发生读写事件后,进行相应的读写处理
NIO优缺点
- 优点
- 性能瓶颈高
- 缺点
- 模型复杂
- 编码复杂
- 需处理半包问题
NIO的优缺点和BIO就完全相反了!性能高,不用一个连接就建一个线程,可以一个线程处理所有的连接!相应的,编码就复杂很多,从上面的代码就可以明显体会到了。还有一个问题,由于是非阻塞的,应用无法知道什么时候消息读完了,就存在了半包问题!
半包问题
简单看一下下面的图就能理解半包问题了!
我们知道TCP/IP在发送消息的时候,可能会拆包(如上图1)!这就导致接收端无法知道什么时候收到的数据是一个完整的数据。例如:发送端分别发送了ABC,DEF,GHI三条信息,发送时被拆成了AB,CDRFG,H,I这四个包进行发送,接受端如何将其进行还原呢?在BIO模型中,当读不到数据后会阻塞,而NIO中不会!所以需要自行进行处理!例如,以换行符作为判断依据,或者定长消息发生,或者自定义协议!
NIO虽然性能高,但是编码复杂,且需要处理半包问题!为了方便的进行NIO开发,就有了Reactor模型!
Reactor模型
Reactor中的组件
- Reactor:负责响应事件,将事件分发给绑定了该事件的Handler处理;
- Handler:事件处理器,绑定了某类事件,负责执行对应事件的Task对事件进行处理;
- Acceptor:Handler的一种,绑定了ACCEPT事件,当客户端发起connect请求时,Reactor会将accept事件分发给Acceptor处理。
对应上面的NIO代码来看:
- Reactor:相当于有分发功能的Selector
- Acceptor:NIO中建立连接的那个判断分支
- Handler:消息读写处理等操作类
代码实现
服务端 Reactor.java
package com.test1;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.ServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
public class Reactor implements Runnable {
private ServerSocketChannel serverSocketChannel = null;
private Selector selector = null;
public Reactor() {
try {
selector = Selector.open();
serverSocketChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();
serverSocketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
serverSocketChannel.socket().bind(new InetSocketAddress(8888));
SelectionKey selectionKey = serverSocketChannel.register(selector,
SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);
selectionKey.attach(new Acceptor());
System.out.println("服务器启动正常!");
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("启动服务器时出现异常!");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
selector.select();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selector.selectedKeys()
.iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey selectionKey = iter.next();
dispatch((Runnable) selectionKey.attachment());
iter.remove();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void dispatch(Runnable runnable) {
if (runnable != null) {
runnable.run();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(new Reactor()).start();
}
class Acceptor implements Runnable {
public void run() {
try {
SocketChannel socketChannel = serverSocketChannel.accept();
if (socketChannel != null) {
System.out.println("接收到来自客户端("
+ socketChannel.socket().getInetAddress()
.getHostAddress() + ")的连接");
new Handler(selector, socketChannel);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
class Handler implements Runnable {
private static final int READ_STATUS = 1;
private static final int WRITE_STATUS = 2;
private SocketChannel socketChannel;
private SelectionKey selectionKey;
private int status = READ_STATUS;
public Handler(Selector selector, SocketChannel socketChannel) {
this.socketChannel = socketChannel;
try {
socketChannel.configureBlocking(false);
selectionKey = socketChannel.register(selector, 0);
selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_READ);
selectionKey.attach(this);
selector.wakeup();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void run() {
try {
if (status == READ_STATUS) {
read();
selectionKey.interestOps(SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
status = WRITE_STATUS;
} else if (status == WRITE_STATUS) {
process();
selectionKey.cancel();
System.out.println("服务器发送消息成功!");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void read() throws IOException {
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
socketChannel.read(buffer);
System.out.println("接收到来自客户端("
+ socketChannel.socket().getInetAddress().getHostAddress()
+ ")的消息:" + new String(buffer.array()));
}
public void process() throws IOException {
String content = "Hello World!";
ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(content.getBytes());
socketChannel.write(buffer);
}
}
客户端 Client.java
package com.test1;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.SelectionKey;
import java.nio.channels.Selector;
import java.nio.channels.SocketChannel;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;
public class Client {
ByteBuffer writeBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
public void start() throws IOException {
// 打开socket通道
SocketChannel sc = SocketChannel.open();
// 设置为非阻塞
sc.configureBlocking(false);
// 连接服务器地址和端口
//sc.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8001));
sc.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8888));
// 打开选择器
Selector selector = Selector.open();
// 注册连接服务器socket的动作
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT);
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true) {
// 选择一组键,其相应的通道已为 I/O 操作准备就绪。
// 此方法执行处于阻塞模式的选择操作。
selector.select();
// 返回此选择器的已选择键集。
Set<SelectionKey> keys = selector.selectedKeys();
System.out.println("keys=" + keys.size());
Iterator<SelectionKey> keyIterator = keys.iterator();
while (keyIterator.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = keyIterator.next();
keyIterator.remove();
// 判断此通道上是否正在进行连接操作。
if (key.isConnectable()) {
sc.finishConnect();
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
System.out.println("server connected...");
break;
} else if (key.isWritable()) { // 写数据
System.out.print("please input message:");
String message = scanner.nextLine();
// ByteBuffer writeBuffer =
// ByteBuffer.wrap(message.getBytes());
writeBuffer.clear();
writeBuffer.put(message.getBytes());
// 将缓冲区各标志复位,因为向里面put了数据标志被改变要想从中读取数据发向服务器,就要复位
writeBuffer.flip();
sc.write(writeBuffer);
// 注册写操作,每个chanel只能注册一个操作,最后注册的一个生效
// 如果你对不止一种事件感兴趣,那么可以用“位或”操作符将常量连接起来
// int interestSet = SelectionKey.OP_READ |
// SelectionKey.OP_WRITE;
// 使用interest集合
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
} else if (key.isReadable()) {// 读取数据
System.out.print("receive message:");
SocketChannel client = (SocketChannel) key.channel();
// 将缓冲区清空以备下次读取
readBuffer.clear();
int num = client.read(readBuffer);
System.out.println(new String(readBuffer.array(), 0, num));
// 注册读操作,下一次读取
sc.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE);
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
new Client().start();
}
}