作者:欧阳旻 原文链接:http://express.ruanko.com/ruanko-express_34/technologyexchange5.html
WebService是一种基于SOAP协议的远程调用标准,通过webservice可以将不同操作系统平台、不同语言、不同技术整合到一块。在Android SDK中并没有提供调用WebService的库,因此,需要使用第三方的SDK来调用WebService。PC版本的WEbservice客户端库非常丰富,例如Axis2,CXF等,但这些开发包对于Android系统过于庞大,也未必很容易移植到Android系统中。因此,这些开发包并不是在我们的考虑范围内。适合手机的WebService客户端的SDK有一些,比较常用的有Ksoap2,可以从http://code.google.com/p/ksoap2-android/downloads/list进行下载;将下载的ksoap2-android-assembly-2.4-jar-with-dependencies.jar包复制到Eclipse工程的lib目录中,当然也可以放在其他的目录里。同时在Eclipse工程中引用这个jar包。
具体调用调用webservice的方法为:
(1) 指定webservice的命名空间和调用的方法名,如:
SoapObject request =new SoapObject(http://service,”getName”); |
SoapObject类的第一个参数表示WebService的命名空间,可以从WSDL文档中找到WebService的命名空间。第二个参数表示要调用的WebService方法名。
(2) 设置调用方法的参数值,如果没有参数,可以省略,设置方法的参数值的代码如下:
Request.addProperty(“param1”,”value”); Request.addProperty(“param2”,”value”); |
要注意的是,addProperty方法的第1个参数虽然表示调用方法的参数名,但该参数值并不一定与服务端的WebService类中的方法参数名一致,只要设置参数的顺序一致即可。
(3) 生成调用Webservice方法的SOAP请求信息。该信息由SoapSerializationEnvelope对象描述,代码为:
SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope=new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); Envelope.bodyOut = request; |
创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象时需要通过SoapSerializationEnvelope类的构造方法设置SOAP协议的版本号。该版本号需要根据服务端WebService的版本号设置。在创建SoapSerializationEnvelope对象后,不要忘了设置SOAPSoapSerializationEnvelope类的bodyOut属性,该属性的值就是在第一步创建的SoapObject对象。
(4) 创建HttpTransportsSE对象。通过HttpTransportsSE类的构造方法可以指定WebService的WSDL文档的URL:
HttpTransportSE ht=new HttpTransportSE(“http://192.168.18.17:80 /axis2/service/SearchNewsService?wsdl”); |
(5)使用call方法调用WebService方法,代码:
ht.call(null,envelope); |
Call方法的第一个参数一般为null,第2个参数就是在第3步创建的SoapSerializationEnvelope对象。
(6)使用getResponse方法获得WebService方法的返回结果,代码:
SoapObject soapObject =( SoapObject) envelope.getResponse(); |
以下为简单的实现一个天气查看功能的例子:
public class WebService extends Activity { private static final String NAMESPACE = "http://WebXml.com.cn/"; // WebService地址 private static String URL = "http://www.webxml.com.cn/ webservices/weatherwebservice.asmx"; private static final String METHOD_NAME = "getWeatherbyCityName"; private static String SOAP_ACTION = "http://WebXml.com.cn/ getWeatherbyCityName"; private String weatherToday; private Button okButton; private SoapObject detail; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); okButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.ok); okButton.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { showWeather(); } }); } private void showWeather() { String city = "武汉"; getWeather(city); } @SuppressWarnings("deprecation") public void getWeather(String cityName) { try { System.out.println("rpc------"); SoapObject rpc = new SoapObject(NAMESPACE, METHOD_NAME); System.out.println("rpc" + rpc); System.out.println("cityName is " + cityName); rpc.addProperty("theCityName", cityName); AndroidHttpTransport ht = new AndroidHttpTransport(URL); ht.debug = true; SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope( SoapEnvelope.VER11); envelope.bodyOut = rpc; envelope.dotNet = true; envelope.setOutputSoapObject(rpc); ht.call(SOAP_ACTION, envelope); SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn; detail = (SoapObject) result .getProperty("getWeatherbyCityNameResult"); System.out.println("result" + result); System.out.println("detail" + detail); Toast.makeText(WebService.this, detail.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); parseWeather(detail); return; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void parseWeather(SoapObject detail) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { String date = detail.getProperty(6).toString(); weatherToday = "今天:" + date.split(" ")[0]; weatherToday = weatherToday + " 天气:" + date.split(" ")[1]; weatherToday = weatherToday + " 气温:" + detail.getProperty(5).toString(); weatherToday = weatherToday + " 风力:" + detail.getProperty(7).toString() + " "; System.out.println("weatherToday is " + weatherToday); Toast.makeText(WebService.this, weatherToday, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); } } |