• JavaWeb学习笔记八 监听器


    监听器Listener

    jservlet规范包括三个技术点:servlet ;listener ;filter;监听器就是监听某个对象的的状态变化的组件。监听器的相关概念事件源:

    • 被监听的对象(三个域对象 request,session,servletContext)
    • 监听器:监听事件源对象, 事件源对象的状态的变化都会触发监听器 。
    • 注册监听器:将监听器与事件源进行绑定。
    • 响应行为:监听器监听到事件源的状态变化时,所涉及的功能代码(程序员编写代码)

    按照被监听的对象划分:ServletRequest域 ;HttpSession域 ;ServletContext域。按照监听的内容分:监听域对象的创建与销毁的; 监听域对象的属性变化的。

    三大域对象的创建与销毁的监听器

    ServletContextListener

    监听ServletContext域的创建与销毁的监听器,Servlet域的生命周期:在服务器启动创建,服务器关闭时销毁;监听器的编写步骤:

    • 编写一个监听器类去实现监听器接口
    • 覆盖监听器的方法
    • 需要在web.xml中进行配置(注册)

    1、监听的方法:

     

    2、配置文件:

     

    ServletContextListener监听器的主要作用:

    1. 初始化的工作:初始化对象;初始化数据。比如加载数据库驱动,对连接池的初始化。
    2. 加载一些初始化的配置文件;比如spring的配置文件。
    3. 任务调度(定时器Timer/TimerTask)

    例子:MyServletContextListener.java

    package com.itheima.create;
    
    import java.text.ParseException;
    import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.Timer;
    import java.util.TimerTask;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
    import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
    
    public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener{
    
        @Override
        //监听context域对象的创建
        public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) {
            //就是被监听的对象---ServletContext
            //ServletContext servletContext = sce.getServletContext();
            //getSource就是被监听的对象  是通用的方法
            //ServletContext source = (ServletContext) sce.getSource();
            //System.out.println("context创建了....");
            
            //开启一个计息任务调度----每天晚上12点 计息一次
            //Timer timer = new Timer();
            //task:任务  firstTime:第一次执行时间  period:间隔执行时间
            //timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, firstTime, period);
            /*timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println("银行计息了.....");
                }
            } , new Date(), 5000);*/
            
            
            
            
            //修改成银行真实计息业务
            //1、起始时间: 定义成晚上12点
            //2、间隔时间:24小时
            /*SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
            //String currentTime = "2016-08-19 00:00:00";
            String currentTime = "2016-08-18 09:34:00";
            Date parse = null;
            try {
                parse = format.parse(currentTime);
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            
            timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println("银行计息了.....");
                }
            } , parse, 24*60*60*1000);*/
            
        }
    
        //监听context域对象的销毁
        @Override
        public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent sce) {
            System.out.println("context销毁了....");
            
        }
    
    }

    web.xml

    <listener>
        <listener-class>com.itheima.attribute.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    HttpSessionListener

    监听Httpsession域的创建与销毁的监听器。HttpSession对象的生命周期:第一次调用request.getSession时创建;销毁有以下几种情况(服务器关闭、session过期、 手动销毁)

    1、HttpSessionListener的方法

    package listener;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionListener;
    
    /**
     * Created by yang on 2017/7/27.
     */
    public class listenerDemo implements HttpSessionListener {
        @Override
        public void sessionCreated(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
            System.out.println("session创建"+httpSessionEvent.getSession().getId());
        }
    
        @Override
        public void sessionDestroyed(HttpSessionEvent httpSessionEvent) {
            System.out.println("session销毁");
        }
    }

    web.xml:

        <listener>
            <listener-class>listener.listenerDemo</listener-class>
        </listener>

    创建session代码:

    package session;
    
    import cn.dsna.util.images.ValidateCode;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * Created by yang on 2017/7/24.
     */
    public class SessionDemo extends HttpServlet {
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            doPost(req, resp);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    //1 生成验证码
            ValidateCode code = new ValidateCode(200, 80, 4, 100);
    //2 将验证码保存到session中
            System.out.println(code.getCode());
            request.getSession().setAttribute("code", code.getCode());
    //3 将验证码图片输出到 浏览器
            resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
            code.write(resp.getOutputStream());
        }
    }

    当创建session时,监听器中的代码将执行。

    ServletRequestListener

    监听ServletRequest域创建与销毁的监听器。ServletRequest的生命周期:每一次请求都会创建request,请求结束则销毁。

    1、ServletRequestListener的方法

    package listener;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletRequestEvent;
    import javax.servlet.ServletRequestListener;
    
    /**
     * Created by yang on 2017/7/27.
     */
    public class RequestListenerDemo implements ServletRequestListener {
        @Override
        public void requestDestroyed(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
            System.out.println("request被销毁了");
        }
    
        @Override
        public void requestInitialized(ServletRequestEvent servletRequestEvent) {
            System.out.println("request被创建了");
        }
    }

    web.xml

     <listener>
            <listener-class>listener.RequestListenerDemo</listener-class>
        </listener>

    只要客户端发起请求,监听器中的代码就会被执行。

    监听三大域对象的属性变化的

    域对象的通用的方法

    setAttribute(name,value)

    • 触发添加属性的监听器的方法
    • 触发修改属性的监听器的方法

    getAttribute(name)

    removeAttribute(name):触发删除属性的监听器的方法

    ServletContextAttibuteListener监听器

    package listener;
    
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;
    import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;
    
    /**
     * Created by yang on 2017/7/27.
     */
    public class ServletContextAttrDemo implements ServletContextAttributeListener {
        @Override
        public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) {
            //放到域中的属性
            System.out.println(scab.getName());//放到域中的name
            System.out.println(scab.getValue());//放到域中的value
        }
    
        @Override
        public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) {
            System.out.println(scab.getName());//删除的域中的name
            System.out.println(scab.getValue());//删除的域中的value
        }
    
        @Override
        public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent scab) {
            System.out.println(scab.getName());//获得修改前的name
            System.out.println(scab.getValue());//获得修改前的value
        }
    }

    web.xml

        <listener>
            <listener-class>listener.ServletContextAttrDemo</listener-class>
        </listener>

    测试代码:

    package listener;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import java.io.IOException;
    
    /**
     * Created by yang on 2017/7/27.
     */
    public class ListenerTest extends HttpServlet{
        @Override
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
            ServletContext context=getServletContext();
            context.setAttribute("aaa","bbb");
            context.setAttribute("aaa","ccc");
            context.removeAttribute("aaa");
            doPost(req, resp);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
    
        }
    }

    HttpSessionAttributeListener监听器(同上)

    ServletRequestAriibuteListenr监听器(同上)

    与session中的绑定的对象相关的监听器(对象感知监听器)

    将要被绑定到session中的对象有几种状态

    • 绑定状态:就一个对象被放到session域中
    • 解绑状态:就是这个对象从session域中移除了
    • 钝化状态:是将session内存中的对象持久化(序列化)到磁盘
    • 活化状态:就是将磁盘上的对象再次恢复到session内存中

    对象感知监听器不用在web.xml中配置。

    面试题:当用户很对时,怎样对服务器进行优化?

    绑定与解绑的监听器HttpSessionBindingListener

    package listener;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingEvent;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionBindingListener;
    
    public class Person implements HttpSessionBindingListener{
    
        private String id;
        private String name;
        public String getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(String id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
            
        @Override
        //绑定的方法
        public void valueBound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
            System.out.println("person被绑定了");
        }
        @Override
        //解绑方法
        public void valueUnbound(HttpSessionBindingEvent event) {
            System.out.println("person被解绑了");
        }
    }

    测试类:

    package listener;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    
    public class TestPersonBindingServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                throws ServletException, IOException {
    
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
    
            //将person对象绑到session中
            Person p = new Person();
            p.setId("100");
            p.setName("zhangsanfeng");
            session.setAttribute("person", p);
            //将person对象从session中解绑
            session.removeAttribute("person");
        }
    
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }
    }

    钝化与活化的监听器HttpSessionActivationListener

    package listener;
    
    import java.io.Serializable;
    
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionActivationListener;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSessionEvent;
    
    public class Customer implements HttpSessionActivationListener,Serializable{
    
        private String id;
        private String name;
        
        public String getId() {
            return id;
        }
        public void setId(String id) {
            this.id = id;
        }
        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }
        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }
        
        
        @Override
        //钝化
        public void sessionWillPassivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
            System.out.println("customer被钝化了");
        }
        @Override
        //活化
        public void sessionDidActivate(HttpSessionEvent se) {
            System.out.println("customer被活化了");
        }
            
    }

    测试钝化类:

    package listener;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    
    public class TestCustomerActiveServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                throws ServletException, IOException {
            
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
        
            //将customer放到session中
            Customer customer =new Customer();
            customer.setId("200");
            customer.setName("lucy");
            session.setAttribute("customer", customer);
            System.out.println("customer被放到session域中了");
            
            
        }
    
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }
    }

    当访问TestCustomerActiveServlet 之后,停止服务器,就会被钝化,钝化的文件存在tomcat的work文件加下。

    活化类:

    package listener;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
    
    public class TestCustomerActiveServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    
        protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                throws ServletException, IOException {
            
            //从session域中获得customer
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            Customer customer = (Customer) session.getAttribute("customer");
            
            System.out.println(customer.getName());
            
        }
    
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                throws ServletException, IOException {
            doGet(request, response);
        }
    }

    服务器再次启动,访问TestCustomerActiveServlet2之后,就会被活化。可以通过配置文件,指定对象钝化时间(对象多长时间不用被钝化)

    在META-INF下创建一个context.xml

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <Context>
        <!-- maxIdleSwap:session中的对象多长时间(分钟)不使用就钝化 -->
        <!-- directory:钝化后的对象的文件写到磁盘的哪个目录下 配置钝化的对象文件在 work/catalina/localhost/钝化文件 -->
        <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.session.PersistentManager" maxIdleSwap="1">
            <Store className="org.apache.catalina.session.FileStore" directory="itheima32" />
        </Manager>
    </Context>

    邮箱服务器

    邮件的客户端:可以只安装在电脑上的也可以是网页形式的;邮件服务器:起到邮件的接受与推送的作用

    邮件发送的协议:

    协议:就是数据传输的约束。接受邮件的协议:POP3 IMAP;发送邮件的协议:SMTP

    邮箱的发送过程

    邮箱服务器的安装

    双击邮箱服务器软件

    对邮箱服务器进行配置

     

    邮箱客户端的安装

     

    邮件发送代码

    package com.itheima.mail;
    
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    import javax.mail.Authenticator;
    import javax.mail.Message;
    import javax.mail.MessagingException;
    import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
    import javax.mail.Session;
    import javax.mail.Transport;
    import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
    import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage.RecipientType;
    
    public class MailUtils {
    
        //email:邮件发给谁  subject:主题  emailMsg:邮件的内容
        public static void sendMail(String email, String subject, String emailMsg)
                throws AddressException, MessagingException {
            
            // 1.创建一个程序与邮件服务器会话对象 Session
            Properties props = new Properties();
            props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "SMTP");//发邮件的协议
            props.setProperty("mail.host", "localhost");//发送邮件的服务器地址
            props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");// 指定验证为true
    
            // 创建验证器
            Authenticator auth = new Authenticator() {
                public PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    return new PasswordAuthentication("tom", "12345");//发邮件的账号的验证
                }
            };
    
            Session session = Session.getInstance(props, auth);
    
            // 2.创建一个Message,它相当于是邮件内容
            Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
    
            message.setFrom(new InternetAddress("tom@itheima32.com")); // 设置发送者
    
            message.setRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(email)); // 设置发送方式与接收者
    
            message.setSubject(subject);//邮件的主题
    
            message.setContent(emailMsg, "text/html;charset=utf-8");
    
            // 3.创建 Transport用于将邮件发送
            Transport.send(message);
        }
    }

    测试代码:

    package com.itheima.mail;
    
    import javax.mail.MessagingException;
    import javax.mail.internet.AddressException;
    
    public class SendMailTest {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) throws AddressException, MessagingException {
            
            MailUtils.sendMail("lucy@itheima32.com", "测试邮件","这是一封测试邮件");
        }
        
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ginb/p/7247955.html
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