一行代码修改Linux机器密码和Samba服务密码

当我们需要用命令代替我们往Linux窗口输入东西时，可以考虑使用Linux文件描述符里的标准输入，而passwd、smbpasswd命令均有自己对应的标准输入参数，我们可以通过查看它们的帮助信息获取相应参数。

passwd=**** && (echo $passwd;echo $passwd) | sudo -A smbpasswd username -s
options:
  -L                   local mode (must be first option)
  -h                   print this usage message
  -s                   use stdin for password prompt #-s就是标准输出
  -c smb.conf file     Use the given path to the smb.conf file
  -D LEVEL             debug level
  -r MACHINE           remote machine
  -U USER              remote username (e.g. SAM/user)
extra options when run by root or in local mode:
  -a                   add user
  -d                   disable user
  -e                   enable user
  -i                   interdomain trust account
  -m                   machine trust account
  -n                   set no password
  -W                   use stdin ldap admin password
  -w PASSWORD          ldap admin password
  -x                   delete user
  -R ORDER             name resolve order

上面的脚本分解步骤是：

1. 设置一个临时变量passwd，其意义是需要设置smb密码
2. 通过echo或printf输出passwd的值两次并通过管道传递给smbpasswd命令。(此处输出两次，是因为在smbpasswd
3. 时候需要输入两次密码来确认)
4. 通过sudo -A参数来避免sudo时输入密码
5. 通过smbpasswd nferzhuang -s参数来使用上面echo的输出作为smbpasswd的输入

echo "password" |passwd --stdin user
Usage: passwd [OPTION...] <accountName>
  -k, --keep-tokens       keep non-expired authentication tokens
  -d, --delete            delete the password for the named account (root only)
  -l, --lock              lock the password for the named account (root only)
  -u, --unlock            unlock the password for the named account (root only)
  -e, --expire            expire the password for the named account (root only)
  -f, --force             force operation
  -x, --maximum=DAYS      maximum password lifetime (root only)
  -n, --minimum=DAYS      minimum password lifetime (root only)
  -w, --warning=DAYS      number of days warning users receives before password expiration (root only)
  -i, --inactive=DAYS     number of days after password expiration when an account becomes disabled (root only)
  -S, --status            report password status on the named account (root only)
  --stdin                 read new tokens from stdin (root only)

不过，当使用该命令进行批量修改机器密码时可以通过history查看到。

   70  echo "zgh234" |passwd --stdin root
   71  history
   72  passwd --help
   73  history

参考链接：https://blog.csdn.net/nfer_zhuang/article/details/42454283