字典类型(dict)的使用
在字典中要注意:字典无序,用于存储详细信息。字典是可变数据类型
字典的键 "key" 是唯一的,并且是不可变的数据类型,但值 "value" 可以是各种的数据类型,比如是字典、列表。
字典是Python中,唯一具有映射关系的数据类型:可一一对应,也可一对多。
字典的查询速度高于列表,字典的存储空间会很大。
字典的格式:{ " key " : " value " } key是键,value是值。通过key获取value。多个key value用 " , " 隔开。
字典的常用操作有:取值、修改、添加(插入)、查看、循环、更新。
取值:dict_name [ X ],X是key的值。通过知道key,取value值。
name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
4:["rain"], "name":"python", } print(name_dict[1]) print(name_dict[2]["name"]) print(name_dict[3]["name"]["age"]) print(name_dict[4]) print(name_dict["name"])
修改:对字典里的某个值进行数据修改。
name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}}, 4:["rain","123455677"], "name":"python", } print(name_dict) name_dict[1]["name"] = "George" name_dict[2]["age"] = 19 name_dict[3]["name"]["name"] = "TOM" name_dict[3]["name"]["age"] = 180 name_dict[4][0] = "green" name_dict[4][1] = "180-180-180" name_dict["name"] = "Python 3.6" print(name_dict)
添加:对value的值是列表类型的,进行append添加操作。
name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}}, 4:["rain","123455677"], "name":"python", } name_dict[4].append("添加") print(name_dict)
插入:给字典插入新的key和value数据。
name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}}, 4:["rain","123455677"], "name":"python", } #插入的是key和value name_dict[5] = "make" name_dict["BMW"] = "X7" print(name_dict)
删除:pop()方法,删除指定的key,会返回删除的结果。如果pop删除的key不存在,那就附一个默认的值。
name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}}, 4:["rain","123455677"], "name":"python", } print(name_dict.pop(1)) print(name_dict.pop(10,None))
popitem()方法:是可以随机删除一个值,因为字典是无序的。不用填写参数,随机删除。
name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}}, 4:["rain","123455677"], "name":"python", } print(name_dict.popitem())
del方法删除:
name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}}, 4:["rain","123455677"], "name":"python", } del name_dict[2] del name_dict["name"] print(name_dict)
查看:查看字典的某个值。 还可以判断要查询的key,是否在字典中。
name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}}, 4:["rain","123455677"], "name":"python", } print(name_dict) # 查看字典全部的值 print(name_dict[1]) # 查看字典指定的值,直接输key print(name_dict[1]["age"]) # 查看字典指定的值,直接输key print(name_dict["name"]) # 查看字典指定的值,直接输key print(name_dict.get(10)) # 当查看字典的一个值,如果不存在会报错,为避免报错。用get方法,如值不存在会返回None print(name_dict.get(2)) # 当查看字典的一个值,如果不存在会报错,为避免报错。用get方法,如值不存在会返回None print(name_dict.get(2)["name"]) # 当查看字典的一个值,如果不存在会报错,为避免报错。用get方法,如值不存在会返回None
判断是否在字典中。返回布尔值(bool),存在是True,不存在是False。
name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, "name":"python", } print(111 in name_dict) #存在key是True,不在是False
循环:循环字典的方法
print("------- loop -------") name_dict={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}}, 4:["rain","123455677"], "name":"python", } #这样只会打印key for i in name_dict: print(i) #同时打印key和value (推荐用法) for i in name_dict: print(i,name_dict[i]) #低效率的循环取key and value for k,v in name_dict.items(): print(k,v) #循环key print(name_dict.keys()) #循环value print(name_dict.values())
更新:update()方法。相当于合并,但是当update里的参数于前面的字典有相同的key,那么后者覆盖前者。
#######更新 update(),相当于是将两个字段合并 name_dict1={ 1:{"name":"george","age":28}, 3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}}, "name":"python", } name_dict2={ 2:{"name":"wang","age":20}, 4:["rain","123455677"], "age":"28", "name":"10", } #当update()参数里的字典有key和update前的字典key有重合,那么将update的key覆盖前面的。 #name_dict2的name 覆盖name_dict1的name name_dict1.update(name_dict2) print(name_dict1)
formkeys( )方法:返回一个新的字典
info = {} info1= info.fromkeys([1,2,3],{}) info2= info.fromkeys([1,2,3],"Test") print(info1) print(info2)
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