• 字典类型(dict)的使用


    字典类型(dict)的使用

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      在字典中要注意:字典无序,用于存储详细信息。字典是可变数据类型

      字典的键 "key" 是唯一的,并且是不可变的数据类型,但值 "value" 可以是各种的数据类型,比如是字典、列表。 

      字典是Python中,唯一具有映射关系的数据类型:可一一对应,也可一对多。  

      字典的查询速度高于列表,字典的存储空间会很大。

        字典的格式:{ " key " : " value " }   key是键,value是值。通过key获取value。多个key value用 " , " 隔开。

      字典的常用操作有:取值、修改、添加(插入)、查看、循环、更新。

      取值:dict_name [ X ],X是key的值。通过知道key,取value值。 

    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
    4:["rain"], "name":"python", } print(name_dict[1]) print(name_dict[2]["name"]) print(name_dict[3]["name"]["age"]) print(name_dict[4]) print(name_dict["name"])

      修改:对字典里的某个值进行数据修改。

    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
        4:["rain","123455677"],
        "name":"python",
    }
    
    print(name_dict)
    name_dict[1]["name"] = "George"
    name_dict[2]["age"] = 19
    name_dict[3]["name"]["name"] = "TOM"
    name_dict[3]["name"]["age"] = 180
    name_dict[4][0] = "green"
    name_dict[4][1] = "180-180-180"
    name_dict["name"] = "Python 3.6"
    print(name_dict)

      添加:对value的值是列表类型的,进行append添加操作。

    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
        4:["rain","123455677"],
        "name":"python",
    }
    
    name_dict[4].append("添加")
    print(name_dict)

      插入:给字典插入新的key和value数据。

    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
        4:["rain","123455677"],
        "name":"python",
    }
    #插入的是key和value
    name_dict[5] = "make"
    name_dict["BMW"] = "X7"
    print(name_dict)

      删除:pop()方法,删除指定的key,会返回删除的结果。如果pop删除的key不存在,那就附一个默认的值。

    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
        4:["rain","123455677"],
        "name":"python",
    }
    
    print(name_dict.pop(1))
    print(name_dict.pop(10,None))

         popitem()方法:是可以随机删除一个值,因为字典是无序的。不用填写参数,随机删除。

    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
        4:["rain","123455677"],
        "name":"python",
    }
    
    print(name_dict.popitem())

         del方法删除:

    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
        4:["rain","123455677"],
        "name":"python",
    }
    
    del name_dict[2]
    del name_dict["name"]
    print(name_dict)

      查看:查看字典的某个值。 还可以判断要查询的key,是否在字典中。  

    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
        4:["rain","123455677"],
        "name":"python",
    }
    
    print(name_dict)  # 查看字典全部的值
    print(name_dict[1])  # 查看字典指定的值,直接输key
    print(name_dict[1]["age"])  # 查看字典指定的值,直接输key
    print(name_dict["name"])  # 查看字典指定的值,直接输key
    print(name_dict.get(10))  # 当查看字典的一个值,如果不存在会报错,为避免报错。用get方法,如值不存在会返回None
    print(name_dict.get(2))  # 当查看字典的一个值,如果不存在会报错,为避免报错。用get方法,如值不存在会返回None
    print(name_dict.get(2)["name"])  # 当查看字典的一个值,如果不存在会报错,为避免报错。用get方法,如值不存在会返回None

        判断是否在字典中。返回布尔值(bool),存在是True,不存在是False。

    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        "name":"python",
    }
    
    print(111 in name_dict)  #存在key是True,不在是False

      循环:循环字典的方法

    print("------- loop -------")
    name_dict={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
        4:["rain","123455677"],
        "name":"python",
    }
    
    #这样只会打印key
    for i in name_dict:
        print(i)
    
    #同时打印key和value (推荐用法)
    for i in name_dict:
        print(i,name_dict[i])
    
    #低效率的循环取key and value
    for k,v in name_dict.items():
        print(k,v)
    
    #循环key
    print(name_dict.keys())
    
    #循环value
    print(name_dict.values())

      更新:update()方法。相当于合并,但是当update里的参数于前面的字典有相同的key,那么后者覆盖前者。

    #######更新 update(),相当于是将两个字段合并
    name_dict1={
        1:{"name":"george","age":28},
        3:{"name":{"name":"tom","age":18}},
        "name":"python",
    }
    
    name_dict2={
        2:{"name":"wang","age":20},
        4:["rain","123455677"],
        "age":"28",
        "name":"10",
    }
    #当update()参数里的字典有key和update前的字典key有重合,那么将update的key覆盖前面的。
    #name_dict2的name 覆盖name_dict1的name
    name_dict1.update(name_dict2)
    print(name_dict1)

      formkeys( )方法:返回一个新的字典

    info = {}
    info1=  info.fromkeys([1,2,3],{})
    info2=  info.fromkeys([1,2,3],"Test") 
    print(info1)  
    print(info2)

      

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/george92/p/12819026.html
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