1、准备好MySQL安装包，官网下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
2、把MySQL安装压缩包包上传到Linux服务器的/opt目录
3、XShell连上Linux服务器
4、运行下面命令查看是否已安装MySQL
rpm -qa|grep mysql
5、运行下面命令查看是否已安装mariadb
rpm -qa|grep mariadb
本机输出：mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
可使用下面命令卸载
yum remove mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64
6、切换到/opt目录，解压MySQL压缩包，重命名
cd /opt tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
7、创建mysql用户组和用户，创建存放日志和数据目录，修改目录所属用户
groupadd mysql useradd mysql -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mkdir -pv /opt/mysql/data /opt/mysql/logs chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql
8、创建MySQL配置文件
vim /etc/my.cnf
编辑为下面内容后保存（basedir、datadir、log-error、pid-file路径和上面保持一致）：
[mysqld] basedir=/opt/mysql datadir=/opt/mysql/data port = 3306 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock character-set-client-handshake = FALSE character-set-server = utf8mb4 collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci symbolic-links=0 log-error=/opt/mysql/logs/mysqld.log pid-file=/opt/mysql/mysqld.pid lower_case_table_names=1 sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION" [client] default-character-set = utf8mb4 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock [mysql] socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
9、MySQL初始化、配置环境变量
/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data echo "export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:\$PATH" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile
备注：
如果运行出错，检查/etc/my.cnf里面的配置是否有错，修改完后删除/opt/mysql/data和/opt/mysql/logs里面的文件，再执行初始化命令。
10、MySQL启动关闭配置
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
编辑为下面内容后保存：
# Copyright (c) 2015, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # systemd service file for MySQL forking server # [Unit] Description=MySQL Server Documentation=man:mysqld(8) Documentation=http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html After=network.target After=syslog.target [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [Service] User=mysql Group=mysql ExecStart=/opt/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf LimitNOFILE = 5000
11、重新加载新的服务，设置MySQL开机自启，启动服务，查看启动状态
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable mysqld
systemctl start mysqld
systemctl status mysqld
12、查看上面生成的临时密码，后面mysql_secure_installation初始化要用到
head /opt/mysql/logs/mysqld.log
里面有一行：
A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: XajJlcb(C6KV
13、执行mysql_secure_installation初始化配置向导设置root用户、密码、权限。
mysql_secure_installation
部分内容如下：
Enter password for user root: ----输入上面的临时密码 New password: ----设置新密码 Re-enter new password: ----再次输入新密码 Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y ----是否删除匿名用户 Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n----是否禁止root远程登录，根据需求选择 Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : n----是否删除test数据库，根据需求选择 Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) : y----是否重新加载权限表
14、登录，输入下面命令行后，输入新密码
mysql -uroot -p
查询数据库
show databases;
查询用户表
select user,host from mysql.user;
如果需要允许在别的机器远程连接，则需要更新字段值
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root' and host='localhost'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;