Spring Boot中Thymeleaf对表单处理的一些用法:
(1)使用th:field属性:进行表单字段绑定
(2)使用ids对象:一般用于lable配合radio或checkbox使用
(3)表单提交处理
开发环境:IntelliJ IDEA 2019.2.2
Spring Boot版本:2.1.8
新建一个名称为demo的Spring Boot项目。
pom.xml 依赖项如下:
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> </dependency>
一、使用th:field属性
th:field属性常用于表单字段绑定,除了自动生成id和name属性,对不同的节点类型还会有不同的生成逻辑。
例如input还会再生成value属性,textarea会自动设文本,select会自动选中相应的选项,如果是同个表单属性,radio和checkbox的id会全局自动增长。
备注:
(1)使用th:field属性时,如果html节点中已经存在相应属性,则不会再另外生成。
(2)th:field属性需要使用星号表达式*{...},即先使用th:object声明表单对象,再使用th:field=*{...}对表单域进行处理。
1、src/main/java/com/example/demo/User.java
package com.example.demo; public class User { String name; Integer sex; String[] MyColors; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Integer getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(Integer sex) { this.sex = sex; } public String[] getMyColors() { return MyColors; } public void setMyColors(String[] myColors) { MyColors = myColors; } }
2、src/main/java/com/example/demo/FieldController.java
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Controller public class FieldController { @RequestMapping("/field") public String field(Model model){ //设置用户对象 User user = new User(); user.setName("小红"); user.setSex(0); model.addAttribute("user", user); //设置性别 Map<String, Object> sexes = new HashMap<String, Object>(); sexes.put("男", 1); sexes.put("女", 0); model.addAttribute("sexes", sexes); return "field"; } }
3、src/main/resources/templates/field.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>使用th:field属性</title> </head> <body> <form th:object="${user}"> <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" id="name1" /> <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" /> <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" /> <textarea th:field="*{name}"></textarea> <textarea th:field="*{name}"></textarea> <select th:field="*{sex}"> <option th:each="sex : ${sexes}" th:value="${sex.value}" th:text="${sex.key}"></option> </select> <select th:field="*{sex}"> <option th:each="sex : ${sexes}" th:value="${sex.value}" th:text="${sex.key}"></option> </select> <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}"/> <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}"/> <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}"/> <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}"/> </form> </body> </html>
启动服务后,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/field,网页源代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>使用th:field属性</title> </head> <body> <form> <input type="text" id="name1" name="name" value="小红" /> <input type="text" id="name" name="name" value="小红" /> <input type="text" id="name" name="name" value="小红" /> <textarea id="name" name="name">小红</textarea> <textarea id="name" name="name">小红</textarea> <select id="sex" name="sex"> <option value="0" selected="selected">女</option> <option value="1">男</option> </select> <select id="sex" name="sex"> <option value="0" selected="selected">女</option> <option value="1">男</option> </select> <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="name1" name="name"/><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/> <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="name2" name="name"/><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/> <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="name3" name="name"/> <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="name4" name="name"/> </form> </body> </html>
二、使用ids对象
可以使用ids对象的seq方法生成指定名称的递增id。
对于radio和checkbox自动生成的id,配合lable节点使用时,需要知道这个id,可以使用ids对象的prev和next方法。
1、src/main/java/com/example/demo/IdsController.java
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class IdsController { @RequestMapping("/ids") public String ids(Model model){ User user = new User(); user.setName("小红"); user.setSex(0); model.addAttribute("user", user); return "ids"; } }
2、src/main/resources/templates/ids.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>使用ids对象</title> </head> <body> <form th:object="${user}"> <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('tname')}" /> <input type="text" th:field="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('tname')}" /> <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('rname')}"/> <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('rname')}"/> <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('cname')}" /> <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" th:id="${#ids.seq('cname')}"/> <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" /> <label th:for="${#ids.prev('name')}" th:text="单选A"></label> <input type="radio" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" /> <label th:for="${#ids.prev('name')}" th:text="单选B"></label> <label th:for="${#ids.next('name')}" th:text="多选A"></label> <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" /> <label th:for="${#ids.next('name')}" th:text="多选B"></label> <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{name}" value="*{name}" /> </form> </body> </html>
启动服务后,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/ids,网页源代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>使用ids对象</title> </head> <body> <form> <input type="text" id="tname1" name="name" value="小红" /> <input type="text" id="tname2" name="name" value="小红" /> <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="rname1" name="name"/> <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="rname2" name="name"/> <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="cname1" name="name" /><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/> <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="cname2" name="name"/><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/> <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="name1" name="name" /> <label for="name1">单选A</label> <input type="radio" value="*{name}" id="name2" name="name" /> <label for="name2">单选B</label> <label for="name3">多选A</label> <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="name3" name="name" /><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/> <label for="name4">多选B</label> <input type="checkbox" value="*{name}" id="name4" name="name" /><input type="hidden" name="_name" value="on"/> </form> </body> </html>
三、表单的提交处理
提交后,在控制器方法中使用@ModelAttribute映射表单对象。
1、src/main/java/com/example/demo/FormController.java
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; @Controller public class FormController { @RequestMapping("/form") public String form(Model model){ setConstant(model); User user = new User(); user.setName("小明"); user.setSex(1); user.setMyColors(new String[]{"white", "black"}); model.addAttribute("user", user); return "form"; } @PostMapping("/submit") public String submit(@ModelAttribute User user, Model model){ setConstant(model); model.addAttribute("user", user); System.out.println("姓名:" + user.getName()); System.out.println("性别:" + (user.getSex().intValue() == 1 ? "男" : "女")); System.out.println("喜欢的颜色:" + Arrays.toString(user.getMyColors())); //return "redirect:/form"; return "form"; } //设置常量 private void setConstant(Model model){ Map<String, Object> sexes = new HashMap<String, Object>(); sexes.put("男", 1); sexes.put("女", 0); model.addAttribute("sexes", sexes); String[] colors = new String[]{"red", "white", "black"}; model.addAttribute("colors", colors); } }
2、src/main/resources/templates/form.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>表单的提交处理</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" th:action="@{/submit}" th:object="${user}"> <table> <tr> <td>用户名:</td> <td><input type="text" th:field="*{name}" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>性别:</td> <td><select th:field="*{sex}"> <option th:each="sex : ${sexes}" th:value="${sex.value}" th:text="${sex.key}"></option> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>喜欢的颜色:</td> <td> <span th:each="color : ${colors}"> <input type="checkbox" th:field="*{myColors}" th:value="${color}" /> <label th:for="${#ids.prev('myColors')}" th:text="${color}"></label> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>
启动服务后,浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/from,页面如下图:
网页源代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>表单的提交处理</title> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="/submit"> <table> <tr> <td>用户名:</td> <td><input type="text" id="name" name="name" value="小明" /></td> </tr> <tr> <td>性别:</td> <td><select id="sex" name="sex"> <option value="0">女</option> <option value="1" selected="selected">男</option> </select> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>喜欢的颜色:</td> <td> <span> <input type="checkbox" value="red" id="myColors1" name="myColors" /><input type="hidden" name="_myColors" value="on"/> <label for="myColors1">red</label> </span><span> <input type="checkbox" value="white" id="myColors2" name="myColors" checked="checked" /><input type="hidden" name="_myColors" value="on"/> <label for="myColors2">white</label> </span><span> <input type="checkbox" value="black" id="myColors3" name="myColors" checked="checked" /><input type="hidden" name="_myColors" value="on"/> <label for="myColors3">black</label> </span> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <input type="submit" value="提交" /> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>
点击提交按钮,IDEA控制台输出:
姓名:小明 性别:男 喜欢的颜色:[white, black]