1.页面的数据表单
在使用Servlet处理用户请求之前，先准备一个页面，该页面用来提供数据表单。数据表单就是HTML中的<form>...</form>部分，当用户单击Submit按钮提交表单之后，表单中包含的一些变量（或者成为字段）将会被发送到服务器端进行处理。下面编写一个HTML文件，文件代码如下：
add.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>add.html</title> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page"> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=GB2312"> <!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">--> </head> <body> <form action="/jdbc_servlet/servlet/addServlet" method="post"> <label>请输入部门信息：</label><br><br> <label>部门号：</label><br> <input type="text" name="id"/><br> <label>部门名：</label><br> <input type="text" name="name"/><br> <label>部门人数：</label><br> <input type="text" name="num"/><br> <label>地址：</label><br> <input type="text" name="address"/><br><br> <input type="submit" value="提交"/><br> </form> </body> </html>
2.添加数据
Servlet的好处之一就是可以简单地获得表单中的数据。在Servlet中使用JDBC技术实现添加的代码如下：
addServlet.java
package com.cn.add; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.SQLException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class addServlet extends HttpServlet { /** * Constructor of the object. */ public addServlet() { super(); } /** * Destruction of the servlet. <br> */ public void destroy() { super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log // Put your code here } /** * The doGet method of the servlet. <br> * * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get. * * @param request the request send by the client to the server * @param response the response send by the server to the client * @throws ServletException if an error occurred * @throws IOException if an error occurred */ public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gb2312"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); this.doPost(request, response); out.flush(); out.close(); } /** * The doPost method of the servlet. <br> * * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post. * * @param request the request send by the client to the server * @param response the response send by the server to the client * @throws ServletException if an error occurred * @throws IOException if an error occurred */ public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("到了Servlet！！！"); response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gb2312"); request.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); String id = request.getParameter("id"); //获取部门编号 String name = request.getParameter("name"); //获取部门名称 String address = request.getParameter("address"); //获取部门所在地址 int num = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("num")); //获取部门人数 Connection conn = null; //声明一个Connection对象，用来连接数据库 PreparedStatement pstmt = null; //声明PreparedStatement对象，用来向数据库插入数据条数据 try { //连接到MySQL数据库中的bank数据库模式 Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); System.out.println("创建驱动成功！"); //连接数据库 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bank", "root", "1234"); System.out.println("连接数据库成功！"); //插入数据的SQL语句 String sql = "INSERT INTO dept(id,d_name,address,empnumber) VALUES(?,?,?,?)"; pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); //设置插入数据的顺序 pstmt.setString(1, id); pstmt.setString(2, name); pstmt.setString(3, address); pstmt.setInt(4, num); int result = pstmt.executeUpdate(); //判断执行结果 if (result == 1) { out.print("插入数据成功！"); }else { out.print("插入数据失败！请重新插入！"); } } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } out.flush(); out.close(); } /** * Initialization of the servlet. <br> * * @throws ServletException if an error occurs */ public void init() throws ServletException { // Put your code here } }
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"> <servlet> <description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description> <display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name> <servlet-name>addServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.cn.add.addServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>addServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/addServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
文件整体框架如下：
3.查看单条数据
一般一条数据的id是唯一的，查看单条记录的时候，可以根据id来查询。HTML页面的代码如下：
showById.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <title>showById.html</title> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="this is my page"> <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312"> <!--<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./styles.css">--> </head> <body> <form name="f1" id="f1" action="/jdbc_servlet/servlet/SearchEmployee" method="post"> <table border="0"> <tr> <td>请输入部门编号：</td><tr/><tr/> <td><input type="text" name="id"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="left"><input type="submit" value="查找"></td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>
在该页面中输如id号，点击查找按钮时会进入查询的Servlet，在Servlet中处理根据id查询的操作。根据id查询的Servlet代码如下：
SearchEmployee.java
package com.cn.query; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class SearchEmployee extends HttpServlet { /** * Destruction of the servlet. <br> */ public void destroy() { super.destroy(); // Just puts "destroy" string in log // Put your code here } /** * The doGet method of the servlet. <br> * * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get. * * @param request the request send by the client to the server * @param response the response send by the server to the client * @throws ServletException if an error occurred * @throws IOException if an error occurred */ public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gb2312"); request.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); String id = request.getParameter("id"); //获取部门编号 Connection conn = null; //声明一个Connection对象，用来连接数据库 PreparedStatement pstmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); System.out.println("创建驱动成功！"); //连接数据库 conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bank", "root", "1234"); System.out.println("连接数据库成功！"); String sql = "SELECT * FROM dept WHERE id = ?"; pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql); pstmt.setString(1, id); rs = pstmt.executeQuery(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } try { while(rs.next()){ out.print("部门编号："+rs.getString(1)+" "); out.print("部门名称："+rs.getString(2)+" "); out.print("部门地址："+rs.getString(3)+" "); out.print("部门人数："+rs.getString(4)+" "); } } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } out.flush(); out.close(); } /** * The doPost method of the servlet. <br> * * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to post. * * @param request the request send by the client to the server * @param response the response send by the server to the client * @throws ServletException if an error occurred * @throws IOException if an error occurred */ public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gb2312"); request.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); this.doGet(request, response); out.flush(); out.close(); } /** * Initialization of the servlet. <br> * * @throws ServletException if an error occurs */ public void init() throws ServletException { // Put your code here } }
目录结构如下：
4.显示一张表中的全部数据
显示表中全部数据信息的Servlet代码如下：
DeptList.java
package com.cn.query; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Statement; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class DeptList extends HttpServlet { /** * The doGet method of the servlet. <br> * * This method is called when a form has its tag value method equals to get. * * @param request the request send by the client to the server * @param response the response send by the server to the client * @throws ServletException if an error occurred * @throws IOException if an error occurred */ public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=gb2312"); request.setCharacterEncoding("gb2312"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; ResultSet rs = null; try { Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/bank", "root", "1234"); stmt = conn.createStatement(); rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM dept"); //在页面中显示表中的所有信息 out.println( "<html>"+ "<head><title>部门表信息</title></head>"+ "<body>"); out.println("<h1>部门表信息:</h1><br><br>"); //循环遍历输出查询结果 while(rs.next()){ out.print("部门编号："); out.print(rs.getString(1)+" "); out.print("部门名称："); out.print(rs.getString(2)+" "); out.print("部门地址："); out.print(rs.getString(3)+" "); out.print("部门人数："); out.print(rs.getString(4)+" "); out.print("<br>"); } out.print("</body></html>"); out.close(); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (SQLException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } public void init() throws ServletException { // Put your code here } }