• Java网络编程技术1


    1. Java网络编程常用API

    1.1 InetAddress类使用示例

    1.1.1根据域名查找IP地址

    获取用户通过命令行方式指定的域名,然后通过InetAddress对象来获取该域名对应的IP地址。当然,程序运行时,需要计算机正常连接到Internet上。

    例1. 根据域名查找IP地址

    package Net;
    
    import java.net.InetAddress;
    import java.net.UnknownHostException;
    
    public class GetIP {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                InetAddress ad = InetAddress.getByName(args[0]);
                //ad.getHostAddress()方法获取当前对象的IP地址
                System.out.println("IP地址为:"+ad.getHostAddress());
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
    }

    想获取网易的IP地址,就应该输入:java GetIP www.163.com

    例2. 获取本机的IP地址。

    package Net;
    import java.net.*;
    public class GetMyIP {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                System.out.println(InetAddress.getLocalHost());
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    1.1.2 根据IP地址查找主机名

    InetAddress亦可以根据给定的IP地址来查找对应的主机名。但要注意的是,它只能获取局域网内的主机名。

    例3. 根据IP地址查找主机名。

    package Net;
    import java.net.*;
    public class GetHostName {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                InetAddress ad = InetAddress.getByName(args[0]);
                System.out.println("主机名为:"+ad.getHostName());
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
    }

    如果输入:java GetHostName www.sina.com

    输出结果为:  主机名为:www.sina.com

    如果输入的为局域网内的IP地址: java GetHostName 192.168.1.154

    输出结果为: 主机名为:Tangliang

    如果没有找到原样输出。

    1.2 URL类和URLConnection类的使用

    1.2.1 URL类的使用——一个简单的浏览器

    这个程序的交互界面只有两个主要控件:JTextField和JEditPane。用户在JTextField中输入URL,完成后按回车键,程序将利用JEditPane来显示网页内容。

    例4. 一个简单的浏览器示例。

    package Net;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import javax.swing.event.HyperlinkEvent;
    import javax.swing.event.HyperlinkListener;
    
    import java.awt.BorderLayout;
    import java.awt.Container;
    import java.awt.FlowLayout;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.*;
    public class myBrowser implements ActionListener,HyperlinkListener {
        JFrame jf;
        JLabel jl;
        JTextField jtf;
        JPanel jp;
        JEditorPane content;
        JScrollPane jsp;
        Container con;
        public myBrowser(){
            jf = new JFrame("我的浏览器");
            jl = new JLabel("请输入URL地址:");
            jtf = new JTextField();
            jtf.addActionListener(this);
            jtf.setColumns(20);
            jp = new JPanel();
            jp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            jp.add(jl);
            jp.add(jtf);
            content = new JEditorPane();
            content.setEditable(false);
            content.addHyperlinkListener(this);
            jsp = new JScrollPane(content);
            con = jf.getContentPane();
            con.add(jp, BorderLayout.NORTH);
            con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
            jf.setSize(800, 600);
            jf.setLocation(300, 200);
            jf.setVisible(true);
            jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
        
        public void hyperlinkUpdate(HyperlinkEvent e) {
            if(e.getEventType()==HyperlinkEvent.EventType.ACTIVATED){
                    try {
                        URL url = e.getURL();   //获取用户单击的URL
                        content.setPage(url);  //跳转到新页面
                        jtf.setText(url.toString()); //更新用户输入框中的URL
                    } catch (IOException e1) {
                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(jf, "找不到网页!");
                    }
            }
            
        }
    
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            try {
                //根据用户输入构造URL对象
                URL url = new URL(jtf.getText());
                //获取网页内容并显示
                content.setPage(url);
            } catch (MalformedURLException e1) {
                System.out.println(e1.toString());
            } catch (IOException e1) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(jf, "找不到网页!");
            }
        }
        
        public static void main(String[] args){
            new myBrowser();
        }
    
    }

    上面的程序中,由于JEditorPane功能比较弱,无法执行网页中的JavaScript/VBScript等脚本语言,更无法执行ActiveX控件,所以只能用于一些静态网页的显示。

    1.2.2 URLConnection类的使用——文件下载

    文件下载的实质是从远程机器上复制文件到本地机器上,也就是说,它的本质不过是文件的复制。

    例5. 文件下载示例。

    package Net;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.Container;
    import java.awt.FlowLayout;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.BufferedWriter;
    import java.io.FileWriter;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStreamReader;
    import java.net.*;
    public class DownFile implements ActionListener {
        JFrame jf;
        Container con;
        JLabel jl;
        JTextField jtf;
        JButton btn;
        String name;
        public DownFile(){
            jf = new JFrame("我的浏览器");
            con = jf.getContentPane();
            jl = new JLabel("请输入要下载文件的地址及名称:");
            jtf = new JTextField();
            jtf.setColumns(20);
            btn = new JButton("下载");
            btn.addActionListener(this);
            con.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            con.add(jl);
            con.add(jtf);
            con.add(btn);
            jf.setSize(800, 600);
            jf.setLocation(300, 200);
            jf.setVisible(true);
            jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        }
    
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            try {
                name = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(jf, "请输入要保存的文件名");
                URL url = new URL(jtf.getText());
                //创建远程连接
                URLConnection connect = url.openConnection();
                //创建输入流
                BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connect.getInputStream()));
                //创建输出流,保存文件名为temp.dat
                BufferedWriter file = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(name));
                int ch;
                //复制文件
                while((ch=buf.read())!=-1){
                    file.write(ch);
                }
                buf.close();
                file.close();
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(jf, "下载成功!");
            } catch (MalformedURLException e1) {
                System.out.println(e1.toString());
            } catch (IOException e1) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(jf, "连接出错!");
            }
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new DownFile();
        }
    }

    2. Java Socket应用

    2.1 示例程序1——端到端的通信

    例6. 一个简单的客户/服务器的Socket通信程序。

    package Net;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.*;
    public class Client {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                //连接到本机,端口号为5500
                Socket s = new Socket("localhost",5500);
                DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
                DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
                System.out.println("请输入半径数值发送到服务器,输入bye表示结束。");
                String outstr,instr;
                boolean goon = true;
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                while(goon){
                    outstr = br.readLine();
                    dos.writeUTF(outstr);
                    dos.flush();
                    instr = dis.readUTF();
                    if(!instr.equals("bye"))
                        System.out.println("从服务器返回的结果为:"+instr);
                    else
                        goon = false;
                }
                dis.close();
                dos.close();
                s.close();
            } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
    }
    package Net;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.*;
    public class Server {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                System.out.println("等待连接!");
                ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(5500);
                Socket s = ss.accept();
                System.out.println("连接者来自:"+s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
                DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
                DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
                boolean goon = true;
                double radius,area;
                String str;
                while(goon){
                    str = dis.readUTF();
                    if(!str.equals("bye")){
                        radius = Double.parseDouble(str);
                        System.out.println("接收到的半径为:"+radius);
                        area = radius*radius*Math.PI;
                        dos.writeUTF(Double.toString(area));
                        dos.flush();
                        System.out.println("圆面积"+area+"已发送");
                    }else{
                        dos.writeUTF("bye");
                        dos.flush();
                        goon = false;
                    }
                }
                dis.close();
                dos.close();
                ss.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
        }
    
    }

    程序运行结果如下:

    客户端:

    请输入半径数值发送到服务器,输入bye表示结束。
    2
    从服务器返回的结果为:12.566370614359172
    3
    从服务器返回的结果为:28.274333882308138
    bye

    服务器端:

    等待连接!
    连接者来自:127.0.0.1
    接收到的半径为:2.0
    圆面积12.566370614359172已发送
    接收到的半径为:3.0
    圆面积28.274333882308138已发送

    2.2 示例程序2——一对多的通信

    例7. 可以响应多个客户端的服务程序。

    首先写一个服务器处理的线程类:

    package Net;
    import java.io.*;
    import java.net.*;
    public class ServerThread extends Thread {
        private DataInputStream dis = null;
        private DataOutputStream dos = null;
        private Socket s = null;
        String str;
        public ServerThread(Socket s) throws IOException{
            this.s = s;
            System.out.println("连接者来自:"+s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress());
            dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
            dos = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
            start();
        }
        
        public void run(){
            try {
                boolean goon = true;
                double radius,area;
                String str;
                while(goon){
                    str = dis.readUTF();
                    if(!str.equals("bye")){
                        radius = Double.parseDouble(str);
                        System.out.println("接收到的半径为:"+radius);
                        area = radius*radius*Math.PI;
                        dos.writeUTF(Double.toString(area));
                        dos.flush();
                        System.out.println("圆面积"+area+"已发送");
                    }else{
                        dos.writeUTF("bye");
                        dos.flush();
                        goon = false;
                    }
                }
                dis.close();
                dos.close();
                s.close();
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    写一个主程序使用线程:

    package Net;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.ServerSocket;
    import java.net.Socket;
    
    public class MultiServer {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            try {
                System.out.println("等待连接!");
                ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(5500);
                Socket s = null;
                while(true){
                    s = ss.accept();
                    new ServerThread(s);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

     2.3 示例程序3——简单的聊天程序

    例8. 聊天程序示例。

    服务器端:

    package Net.chat;
    import javax.swing.*;
    
    import java.awt.BorderLayout;
    import java.awt.Container;
    import java.awt.FlowLayout;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.io.DataInputStream;
    import java.io.DataOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.*;
    public class chatServer implements ActionListener,Runnable{
        JFrame jf;
        Container con;
        JPanel jp;
        JTextArea showArea;
        JTextField msgText;
        JButton btn;
        Thread thread;
        ServerSocket ss = null;
        Socket s = null;
        DataInputStream dis = null;
        DataOutputStream dos = null;
        
        public chatServer(){
            jf = new JFrame("聊天————服务器");
            con = jf.getContentPane();
            jp = new JPanel();
            jp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            showArea = new JTextArea();
            showArea.setEditable(false);
            msgText = new JTextField();
            msgText.setColumns(20);
            btn = new JButton("发送");
            btn.addActionListener(this);
            jp.add(msgText);
            jp.add(btn);
            con.add(showArea, BorderLayout.CENTER);
            con.add(jp, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            jf.setSize(500, 400);
            jf.setLocation(300, 200);
            jf.setVisible(true);
            jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            try {
                ss = new ServerSocket(8000);
                showArea.append("正在等待对话请求!
    ");
                s = ss.accept();
                dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
                dos = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
                thread = new Thread(this);
                thread.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
                thread.start();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                showArea.append("对不起,没能创建服务器!
    ");
                msgText.setEditable(false);
                btn.setEnabled(false);
            }
        }
    
        public void run() {
            try {
                while(true){
                    showArea.append("对方说:"+dis.readUTF()+"
    ");
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String msg = msgText.getText();
            try {
                if(msg.length()>0){
                    dos.writeUTF(msg);
                    dos.flush();
                    showArea.append("我说:"+msg+"
    ");
                    msgText.setText(null);
                }
            } catch (IOException e1) {
                showArea.append("你的消息"+msg+"未能发送出去!
    ");
            }
            
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new chatServer();
        }
    }

    客户端:

    package Net.chat;
    import javax.swing.*;
    import java.awt.BorderLayout;
    import java.awt.Container;
    import java.awt.FlowLayout;
    import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
    import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
    import java.io.DataInputStream;
    import java.io.DataOutputStream;
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.net.*;
    public class chatClient implements ActionListener,Runnable{
        JFrame jf;
        Container con;
        JPanel jp;
        JTextArea showArea;
        JTextField msgText;
        JButton btn;
        Thread thread;
        Socket s = null;
        DataInputStream dis = null;
        DataOutputStream dos = null;
        
        public chatClient(){
            jf = new JFrame("聊天————客户端");
            con = jf.getContentPane();
            jp = new JPanel();
            jp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            showArea = new JTextArea();
            showArea.setEditable(false);
            msgText = new JTextField();
            msgText.setColumns(20);
            btn = new JButton("发送");
            btn.addActionListener(this);
            jp.add(msgText);
            jp.add(btn);
            con.add(showArea, BorderLayout.CENTER);
            con.add(jp, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            jf.setSize(500, 400);
            jf.setLocation(300, 200);
            jf.setVisible(true);
            jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            try {
                s = new Socket("localhost",8000);
                showArea.append("连接成功,请说话!
    ");
                dis = new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
                dos = new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
                thread = new Thread(this);
                thread.setPriority(Thread.MIN_PRIORITY);
                thread.start();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                showArea.append("对不起,没能连接到服务器!
    ");
                msgText.setEditable(false);
                btn.setEnabled(false);
            }
        }
    
        public void run() {
            try {
                while(true){
                    showArea.append("对方说:"+dis.readUTF()+"
    ");
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            String msg = msgText.getText();
            try {
                if(msg.length()>0){
                    dos.writeUTF(msg);
                    dos.flush();
                    showArea.append("我说:"+msg+"
    ");
                    msgText.setText(null);
                }
            } catch (IOException e1) {
                showArea.append("你的消息"+msg+"未能发送出去!
    ");
            }
            
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            new chatClient();
        }
    }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/gaopeng527/p/4264735.html
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