• spring框架应用系列四:切面编程(环绕通知与前后置通知区别)


                               切面编程(环绕通知与前后置通知区别)                           

                                                  本文系作者原创,转载请注明出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/further-further-further/p/7867034.html

    解决问题

    1、拥有前置通知和后置通知的功能,并能解决前置通知和后置通知在共享信息方面的不足(例如:统计切点方法执行时间);

    2、在多线程并发条件下,能保证线程安全(因为在一个方法内定义的局部变量);

    3、解决代码重复性,降低代码复杂程度;

    内容说明

    1、以下会给出前置通知、后置通知与环绕通知实例(观众观看表演),通过对比更能理解彼此之间的区别;

    2、两者都通过@Component注解,扫描(Audience,Juggler)bean并注册到spring容器中时,需在XML配置文件中引入component-scan(前后置通知:<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs"/> 环绕通知:<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAround"/>)

    3、切面是观众(Audience),切点是节目表演(Performance.perform())
           前置通知:在节目表演之前,观众就坐(调用Audience的takeSeats方法),并关掉手机(调用Audience的turnOffCellPhones方法);
           后置通知:在节目表演结束,观众鼓掌(调用Audience的applaud方法);
           异常通知:节目表演出现异常,观众要求退票(调用Audience的demandRefund方法);

    环绕通知:其他与上面相同,只是在节目表演开始与结束时打印时间,统计节目表演时长;

    4、通过执行Juggler的perform方法,从而执行切面Audience中相应的方法,达到通知的效果;

    应用实例:观众观看表演所做出的相应行为

    先列出相关接口以及类代码 

    节目表演接口(切点方法)

     

    1 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;
    2 
    3 /**
    4  * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
    5  */
    6 public interface Performer {
    7 
    8     void perform();
    9 }

    切点类实现接口Juggler

     1 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;
     2 
     3 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     4 
     5 /**
     6  * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
     7  */
     8 @Component
     9 public class Juggler implements Performer {
    10     private int beanBags = 3;
    11     public Juggler(){
    12 
    13     }
    14     public Juggler(int beanBags){
    15         this.beanBags = beanBags ;
    16     }
    17     @Override
    18     public void perform()  {
    19         System.out.println("JUGGLING "+ beanBags + " BEANBAGS");
    20         try {
    21             Thread.sleep(1);
    22         }catch (InterruptedException e){
    23             e.printStackTrace();
    24         }
    25     }
    26 
    27 
    28 }

    上述代码都能共用,下面分别列举前后置通知与环绕通知区别代码

    前后置通知(通过AspectJ注解实现,注意:<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>不能少,它实现了切面相关方法绑定在切点上,切点方法执行就能触发相应通知)

    XML配置文件:spring/aspect-aspectJnoArgs.xml(放在spring文件夹下)

     

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     3        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     4        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     5        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     6        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
     7 
     8     <!--使用前置通知和后置通知唯一方式:在前置通知中记录开始时间,并在后置通知中报告表演耗费的时长,必须保存开始时间。因为Audience是单例,如果像这样保-->
     9     <!--存状态,会存在线程安全问题;-->
    10     <context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs"/>
    11     <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
    12 </beans>
    View Code

    前后置通知切面实现类

     

     1 package com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs;
     2 
     3 import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
     4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     5 
     6 /**
     7  * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
     8  * 通过AspectJ注解实现切面编程
     9  * 切点方法 id 默认是所依赖方法(public void performance(){})的小写方法名performance
    10  */
    11 
    12 @Component
    13 @Aspect
    14 public class Audience {
    15     @Pointcut("execution(* com.spring.example.aspectAspectJNoArgs.Performer.perform(..))") //定义切点
    16     public void performance(){}
    17     @Before("performance()")//表演之前
    18     public void takeSeats(){
    19         System.out.println("The audience is taking their seats.");
    20     }
    21     @Before("performance()")//表演之前
    22     public void turnOffCellPhones(){
    23         System.out.println("The audience is turning off their cellphones.");
    24     }
    25     @AfterReturning("performance()")//表演之后
    26     public void applaud(){
    27         System.out.println("CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP ");
    28     }
    29     @AfterThrowing("performance()") //表演失败之后
    30     public void demandRefund(){
    31         System.out.println("Boo! We want our money back!");
    32     }
    33 }
    View Code

     

    环绕通知

    XML配置文件:spring/aspect-around.xml(放在spring文件夹下)

     

     1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     3        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     4        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     5        xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
     6        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd  http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
     7 
     8     <!--前置通知和后置通知是在一个方法中实现,所以不需要保存变量值,自然是线程安全的;-->
     9 
    10     <context:component-scan base-package="com.spring.example.aspectAround"/>
    11     <!--通过component-scan自动扫描,@Component注解将Magician注册到spring容器-->
    12     <aop:config>
    13             <!--audience :切面  watchPerformance:切面方法   performance:切点-->
    14             <aop:aspect ref="audience">
    15                 <aop:pointcut id="performance" expression="execution(* com.spring.example.aspectAround.Performer.perform(..))"/>
    16                 <aop:around pointcut-ref="performance" method="watchPerformance" />
    17             </aop:aspect>
    18     </aop:config>
    19 </beans>
    View Code

    环绕通知切面实现类

     

     1 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;
     2 
     3 import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
     4 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
     5 
     6 /**
     7  * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
     8  */
     9 @Component
    10 public class Audience {
    11     public void takeSeats(){
    12         System.out.println("The audience is taking their seats.");
    13     }
    14     public void turnOffCellPhones(){
    15         System.out.println("The audience is turning off their cellphones.");
    16     }
    17     public void applaud(){
    18         System.out.println("CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP CLAP");
    19     }
    20     public void demandRefund(){
    21         System.out.println("Boo! We want our money back!");
    22     }
    23 
    24     public void watchPerformance(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint){
    25         try{
    26             takeSeats(); //表演之前
    27             turnOffCellPhones(); //表演之前
    28             long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
    29             System.out.println("The performance start ......");//节目开始
    30             joinPoint.proceed(); //执行被通知的方法
    31             System.out.println("The performance end ......");//节目结束
    32             long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); //表演之后
    33             applaud();//表演之后
    34             System.out.println("The performance took milliseconds:"+ (end - start) );//表演时长
    35         }catch (Throwable t){
    36             demandRefund(); //表演失败之后
    37         }
    38     }
    39 }
    View Code

    测试代码

    环绕通知测试代码如下,前后置通知测试代码只需将配置文件名称改成spring/aspect-aspectJnoArgs.xml即可

     

     1 package com.spring.example.aspectAround;/**
     2  * Created by weixw on 2017/11/16.
     3  */
     4 
     5 import javafx.application.Application;
     6 import javafx.stage.Stage;
     7 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
     8 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
     9 
    10 public class Driver extends Application {
    11 
    12     public static void main(String[] args) {
    13         launch(args);
    14     }
    15 
    16     @Override
    17     public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
    18         try {
    19 
    20 
    21             ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring/aspect-around.xml");
    22             Performer performer = (Performer) ctx.getBean("juggler");
    23             performer.perform();
    24 
    25         }catch (Exception e){
    26             e.printStackTrace();
    27         }
    28     }
    29 }

     

     

    运行结果

    环绕通知结果:

     

    前后置通知结果:

      

    总结

    上述列出前后置通知和环绕通知样例。对于有变量缓存需求,线程安全的应用场景,前后置通知实现比较困难,而环绕通知实现就非常容易;

     

     

     不要让懒惰占据你的大脑,不要让妥协拖垮你的人生。青春就是一张票,能不能赶上时代的快车,你的步伐掌握在你的脚下。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/further-further-further/p/7867034.html
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